psoriasis. definition and causes definition and causes types types gp management gp management...
TRANSCRIPT
Psoriasis
• Definition and causes• Types• GP management• Pitfalls• Hospital treatments
Psoriasis
Psoriasis• Definition
A chronic, non-infectious, inflammatory skin disorder, with well defined, erythematous plaques & large adherent silvery scales• Prevalence 1.5-3%• Age onset 20-30y or 50-60y
Psoriasis
• Epidermal hyperproliferation
• Vascular dilatation
• Inflammatory infiltrate
What causes psoriasis ?
• T cell mediated autoimmune disease→ increased keratinocyteproliferation
• Environmental and genetic factors
PsoriasisGenetics• 40% have FHx• 73% monozygotic twins
concordant v 20% dizygotic twins
• 1st degree relatives have 4-6 fold increased risk
• Environmental triggers
GP Management
• Time (for proper examination and to communicate with the patient)• Explanation• Information and support sources
(patient.co.uk, psoriasis-association.org.uk)• Follow-up
• Emollients• Bath oils• Site-specific topical treatments
GP Management
• Vitamin D analoguesDovonex (calcipotriol) ointDovobet (calcipotriol & betamethasone) oint or gelSilkis (calcitriol) ointCuratorderm (tacalcitol) oint & lotionZorac (tazarotene) gel (retinoid)
• Dovonex cream and scalp application no longer available
Topical treatments
• TarCarbo-domeExorexPsoridermAlphosyl HCSebcoCocoisTar-based bath oils & shampoos
Topical treatments
• SteroidsOften in conjunction with Vit D analogue as Dovobet or separate steroidEumovate (only oint available)TrimovateScalp preparations (eumovate to dermovate strength)
• BE CAREFUL (but not mean)
Topical Treatments
• DithranolDithrocreamMicanolPsorin
• Stains skinHas to be washed offStart and low strength and build up
Topical Treatments
Topical treatments• Nails
difficultpotent topical steroidsdovonextazarotenesystemic therapy
Scalp• Remove scale first• Sebco messy but effective• Tar or salicylic acid shampoo• Topical steroids if necessary for
short periods
Topical Treatments
Types of psoriasis
• Plaque• Guttate• Rupioid• Unstable• Pustular• Erythrodermic• ?palmo-plantar pustulosis
Guttate psoriasis
Pustular psoriasis
Erythrodermic psoriasis
Plantar pustulosis
Acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau
• 'It's not working Doc'• It did work, but then he stopped
using it and the psoriasis returned• It was too greasy/time-
consuming/smelly so he stopped using it
• He wasn't applying it properly• It really didn't work
Pitfalls
Hospital Treatment• Out-patient advice and support• UVB• PUVA• Acitretin• Methotrexate• Ciclosporin• Biologics• Admission (tar, other topicals)
UVB phototherapy
• Suitability – age, PH skin cancer, medication, radiotherapy, photosensitive disease
• X3 / week for ~6 weeks• Shield genitalia, uninvolved
sites• SE burning (30%)• ↑ risk skin cancer (screen
yearly if >150 treatments)
PUVA• Suitability – as for UVB + CI in
renal/hepatic disease, cataracts, pregnancy, children
• X2 / week for ~6-8 weeks
• Need eye protection for 24 h after psoralen
• SE burning, nausea, itch↑ risk skin cancer (screen yearly if >150
treatments)
Systemic therapy
acitretin
methotrexate
ciclosporin
7-20% of patients with psoriasis have arthritis
Acitretin
mec: affects keratinocyte differentiation
CI: ? fertile women (as must avoid pregnancy for 2 years)
SE: dry lips, teratogenicity, abnormal LFT, lipids, DISH
Methotrexatemec: inhibits DNA synthesis by inhibiting
dihydrofolatereductase → reduces proliferation of lymphocytes + keratinocytes
CI: pregnancy, lactation, infection, liver/renal disease, peptic ulcers
SE: anorexia, nausea, myelosuppression, hepatotoxicity, mouth ulcers, pulmonary toxicity, oligospermia, skin cancer
Interactions: NSAIDs, septrin, trimethoprim, penicillin, phenytoin
Given once a WEEK
CiclosporinMec Inhibits T cell activation
CI uncontrolled HBP, malignancy, infection
SE HBP, nephrotoxicity, skin cancer, other malignancy, gum hypertrophy
Not recommended for long term treatment
New Biologicals
Anti TNF drugsInfliximab, etanercept, adalimumab
Targeted T - cell therapyalefacept (binds CD2 & blocks LFA3)
efalizumab (binds to LFA-1 & blocks ICAM-1)
Anti-IL 17 receptor antibodies
Brodalumab Ixekizumab
• Know what your patient is on (?record as outside script on EMIS)
• Know what monitoring you are responsible for
• Keep a look out for myelosuppression
• Don't be afraid of your local Derm department!
GP Issues
SIGN 121
Patients with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis should have an annual review with their GP involving the following:documentation of severity using DLQIscreening for depression�assessment of vascular risk (in patients �with severe disease)assessment of articular symptoms�optimisation of topical therapy�consideration for referral to secondary care�