ps 2a03 (2010) lecture 5: understanding power, violence and nonviolence
TRANSCRIPT
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Monday October 4 2010Lecture 5: Understanding power, violence and nonviolence
PS 2A03: Conflict TransformationDr Colin Salter, Centre for Peace Studies, McMaster University
Conflict processes...Understanding power, violence & nonviolence
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Outline
Power
Sources of power
Consent/coercion
Culture of conflict
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...there is a great deal more to analysing conflicts thanidentifying the key components: the parties and their
positions, relationships and so on.
Fisher et al(2000)
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Power has a number of meanings: force, legitimacy,
authority or the the ability to coerce.
Fisher et al(2000)
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All power is present in, and based on, relationships.
Fisher et al(2000)
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Soft power Hard power
Power
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nonviolence
Different to non-violence
Active
Creative
Tendency to diffusepower
Do you think this fallsinto soft or hardpower?
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A third dimension
the power to prevent people, to whatever degree,
from having grievances by shaping their perceptions,cognitions, and preferences in such a way that theyaccept their role in the existing order of things.
Stephen Lukes (2005) on Charles Tilly (1991)
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Coercion
If, for example, a [person] who is ordered to go to
prison refuses to do so and is physically dragged there(that is, [s]he is coerced by direct physical violation),[s]he cannot be said to obey...
Gene Sharp (1973)
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...and consent
But if [s]he walks to prison under a command backed
by threat of a sanction, then [s]he in fact obeys andconsents to the act, although [s]he may not approve ofthe command. Obedience thus exists only when onehas complied with or submitted to the command.
Gene Sharp (1973)
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Culture of conflict
a societys configuration of norms, practices and
institutions that affect what people enter into disputesabout, with whom they fight, how disputes evolve, andhow they are likely to end.
Marc Howard Ross (1993)
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Few of us recognise our own prejudices, and normallywe deny them, giving them what we deem valid reasons
for our feelings and behaviour.
Fisher et al(2000)
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Summary
Soft Power
Hard power
Consent theory of
power
Culture of conflict
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Citations & further reading I
Simon Fisher, Dekha Ibrahim Abdi, Jawed Ludin, Richard Smith, Steve Williams andSue Williams (2000) Working With Conflict: Skills and Strategies for Action, New York:Zed Books
Donna Haraway (1991) A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century, in Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The
Reinvention of Nature, New York: Routledge, pp.149-181. Available online at http://www.stanford.edu/dept/HPS/Haraway/CyborgManifesto.html
Lewis Lipsitz, & Herbert M. Kritzer (1975) 'Unconventional Approaches to ConflictResolution',Journal of Conflict Resolution, 19(4): 713-733.
Lukes, S. 2005. Power: A Radical View, London: Palgrave McMillian.
Brian Martin (1989) Gene Sharp's Theory of Power,Journal of Peace Research, vol.26, no. 2, 1989, pp. 213-22.
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Citations & further reading II
Kate McGuinness (1993) 'Gene Sharp's Theory of Power: A Feminist Critique ofConsent',Journal of Peace Research, 30(1): 101-115 Marc Howard Ross (1993) TheCulture of Conflict, New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Gene Sharp (1973) The Politics of Nonviolent Action: Part One - Power and Struggle,
Boston: Porter Sargent.
Charles Tilly (1991) 'Domination, Resistance, Compliance... Discourse [ReviewEssay]', Sociological Forum, 6(3): 593-602
Suzanne Williams, Jan Seed & Adelina Mwau (1994) The Oxfam gender training manual,
UK and Ireland: Oxfam
Nora Young (2010) Happy Birthday Cyborg during Cyborgs, Digital Sabbaths, andSuper Sad True Love, Spark, CBC Radio. Episode 120, September 22. Available fordownload at http://www.cbc.ca/spark/2010/09/spark-120--september-19-22-2010/
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Image sources
Dave Boldingers Cartoons & Stuff http://www.dbaldinger.com/opinion_cartoons/second_page/dear_world.html
ames Garvin Ellis. Rodney Powell (standing) talks with other sit-in participants at Walgreens drugstore in Nashville,Tennessee, Friday March 25, 1960 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville_sit-ins
Marc Riboud.Jan Rose Kasmir, protest against the Vietnam War outside the Pentagon, Arlington County, Virginia, Saturday,21 October 21, 1967 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Rose_Kasmir
Shaney Komulainen. Canadian soldier Patrick Cloutier and Saskatchewan Native Brad Laroque alias 'Freddy Kruger'come face to face in a tense standoff at the Kahnesatake reserve in Oka, Quebec, Saturday September 1, 1990 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oka_Crisis
Tim & Tegan, Council Of Australians For Uneducated Americans, The Two of Us [no date] http://www.johnsons.id.au/?p=54
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