pruning systems for grape vines - afghan agriculture · pruning types • short spurs/bearers (2...
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PRUNING SYSTEMS FOR GRAPE VINES
Andrew Teubes VG Nurseries
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In this presentation
• Pruning objectives • Grape fruitfulness • Types of pruning
– Spur – Short canes – Long canes
• Practical use of pruning systems
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Objectives of pruning
• Controlling the size and structure of the vine
• Regulate crop size • Maintain a balance between vegetative
growth and fruiting – maximizing the yield potential while
maintaining the health of the plant
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Fruitfulness of grape vines
• Fruitfulness depends on – Grape variety (genetic) – Foliage management (summer practices)
• Sunlight penetration into canopy during and after flowering
• Fruitfulness involves the number of clusters per bud as well as the weight of the clusters
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Permanent trunk (3 years or more)
Spur of previous season (2 years)
Shoot from this season (1 year)
FRUITFULNESS: 1 year old on 2 year old = fruitful (carry clusters)
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1
5
10
14
Natural fruitfulness increases from the
basal position to the apical position
Flame, Victoria
Redglobe, Autumn Royal
Thompson Seedless, Dauphine
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00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
SUNSHADE
Bud fruitfulness of Thompson Seedless canes as a function of bud position
Node position on cane
Num
ber o
f clu
ster
s pe
r nod
e
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Pruning types • Short spurs/bearers (2 buds)
– High fertility cultivars on cordon trellis – Flame Seedless, Victoria, Dan-ben-Hannah,
Alphonse Lavalleé • Half-long/short canes (5-8 buds)
– Medium fertile cultivars – Red Globe, Autumn Royal
• Canes (10-14 buds) – Low fertility cultivars – Thompson Seedless/Kishmish
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Productivity of Sauvignon blanc as a function of pruning technique
Pruning method
Clusters /vine
Cluster weight (gram)
Total weight/
vine (gram)
2 bud spurs 20.2 63 1273
4 bud spurs 31.7 65 2061
Canes 38.5 79 3042
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Spur pruning • Used for varieties that shows high enough
fruitfulness on basal buds • Vine structure is permanent cordon system • Shoot positioning normally vertical (VSP) or at
angle (Gable, Y-trellis) • Spacing between spurs of 12-15 cm important
– Sunlight penetration – Space for the clusters
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Length of spur is 2 clearly defined buds
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CORRECT SPACING
12-15 cm
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Spacing between spurs result in good sunlight penetration and spacing of clusters
12-15 cm
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Clusters well spaced, not touching each other
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Well spaced clusters on spurs
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WRONG SPACING
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Results of poor spacing
No lignification of shoots
Low crop levels
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Poor spacing of spurs
= No sunlight in canopy
Dead shoots
Results of poor sunlight in into canopy
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Cane pruning • Used for varieties with low natural fruitfulness on basal
buds (1-3) • Vine structure consists of permanent trunk with annual
renewal canes • Shoot positioning can be vertical or horizontal • VERY IMPORTANT: For every one (1) cane that is
pruned, one (1) 2 bud spur must also be left below the cane for renewal
• Length of cane depends on the position of highest bud fruitfulness – Bud 5-8: Short cane – Bud 9-14: Long cane
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2 year old cane from previous season
1 year old cane from this season
Canes in the field
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How should it be pruned??
Spur for renewal
New cane
Principle of cane pruning
NOTE: The spur is always below the position of the cane
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CORRECT CANE PRUNING
Spur of previous season in correct Position below cane
Short cane of previous season
Fruiting canes of this season
Cane for spur pruning this season
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CORRECT CANE PRUNING
Spur for renewal
New cane
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WRONG CANE PRUNING
Short cane of previous season
No spur at the base of the cane for renewal ??
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Cane pruning in practice
Spurs
Canes
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Cane pruning in practice
Cane
Spur
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Well spaced clusters on canes