prs slides for powerpoint chap 5 learning copyright © pearson education, 2009
TRANSCRIPT
PRS Slides for PowerPoint
Chap 5
Learning
Copyright © Pearson Education, 2009
Definitional and Application Slides
2
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
3
A researcher decides to classically condition a rabbit by
presenting a sound each time before delivering a puff of air
to the rabbit’s eye. He finds that the rabbit starts to blink
upon hearing the sound. What function does the air puff
have?
1. Conditioned stimulus
2. Unconditioned stimulus
3. Conditioned response
4. Unconditioned response
5. Neutral stimulus
LO 5.2
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4
A researcher decides to classically condition a rabbit by
presenting a sound each time before delivering a puff of air
to the rabbit’s eye. He finds that the rabbit starts to blink
upon hearing the sound. What function does the air puff
have?
1. Conditioned stimulus (p. 179-180)
2. Unconditioned stimulus
3. Conditioned response
4. Unconditioned response
5. Neutral stimulus
LO 5.2
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5
Which of the following is NOT a basic principle of classical
conditioning?
1. The CS must come before the UCS.
2. The CS and UCS must come very close together in time (e.g., seconds apart).
3. The neutral stimulus must be paired with the UCS several times before conditioning can take place.
4. The CS should be a stimulus that stands out from other competing stimuli.
5. The CS and UCS should occur together in time.
LO 5.2
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6
Which of the following is NOT a basic principle of classical
conditioning?
1. The CS must come before the UCS.
2. The CS and UCS must come very close together in time (e.g., seconds apart).
3. The neutral stimulus must be paired with the UCS several times before conditioning can take place.
4. The CS should be a stimulus that stands out from other competing stimuli.
5. The CS and UCS should occur together in time. (p. 180-181)
LO 5.2
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7
The phenomena in which a conditioned response reoccurs
when the CS is presented after a period of extinction is
called:
1. Stimulus generalization
2. Discrimination
3. Spontaneous recovery
4. Higher order conditioning
5. Reinforcement
LO 5.2
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8
The phenomena in which a conditioned response reoccurs
when the CS is presented after a period of extinction is
called:
1. Stimulus generalization
2. Discrimination
3. Spontaneous recovery (p. 182)
4. Higher order conditioning
5. Reinforcement
LO 5.2
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9
Which of the following is NOT an example of classical
conditioning?
1. Conditioned emotional response
2. Vicarious conditioning
3. Taste aversion
4. A child that is rewarded for studying
5. A child who begins to salivate upon watching her mother take out the ingredients to bake the child’s favorite cookies
LO 5.2-5
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10
Which of the following is NOT an example of classical
conditioning?
1. Conditioned emotional response
2. Vicarious conditioning
3. Taste aversion
4. A child that is rewarded for studying (p. 179-192)
5. A child who begins to salivate upon watching her mother take out the ingredients to bake the child’s favorite cookies
LO 5.2-5
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11
One common aspect of all forms of negative reinforcement
is that:
1. something pleasurable is added to the situation to reinforce behavior.
2. something unpleasant is added to the situation to reinforce behavior.
3. something aversive is taken away from the situation to reinforce behavior.
4. something pleasant is taken away from the situation to reinforce behavior.
5. all types of reinforcement work the same.
LO 5.5
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12
One common aspect of all forms of negative reinforcement
is that:
1. something pleasurable is added to the situation to reinforce behavior.
2. something unpleasant is added to the situation to reinforce behavior.
3. something aversive is taken away from the situation to reinforce behavior. (p. 192)
4. something pleasant is taken away from the situation to reinforce behavior.
5. all types of reinforcement work the same.
LO 5.5
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13
Which of the following is NOT true about the use of
punishment?
1. Punishment can cause a person to avoid their punisher.
2. Punishment may create fear and anxiety.
3. Punishment may increase aggression from the person being punished.
4. Punishment may encourage behaviors, like lying, to avoid punishment.
5. Punishment is the best method for getting children to behave.
LO 5.6
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14
Which of the following is NOT true about the use of
punishment?
1. Punishment can cause a person to avoid their punisher.
2. Punishment may create fear and anxiety.
3. Punishment may increase aggression from the person being punished.
4. Punishment may encourage behaviors, like lying, to avoid punishment.
5. Punishment is the best method for getting children to behave. (p. 193-195)
LO 5.6
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15
This process is often used when trying to teach complex
behaviors by which an individual is rewarded after
achieving smaller steps that get him or her closer to the
desired behavior:
1. Shaping
2. Spontaneous recovery
3. Extinction
4. Generalization
5. Classical conditioning
LO 5.6
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16
This process is often used when trying to teach complex
behaviors by which an individual is rewarded after
achieving smaller steps that get him or her closer to the
desired behavior:
1. Shaping (p. 195-196)
2. Spontaneous recovery
3. Extinction
4. Generalization
5. Classical conditioning
LO 5.6
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17
The color of a traffic light usually serves what primary
function?
1. Conditioned stimulus
2. Discriminative stimulus
3. Reinforcement
4. Positive punishment
5. Negative punishment
LO 5.6
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18
The color of a traffic light usually serves what primary
function?
1. Conditioned stimulus
2. Discriminative stimulus (p. 196)
3. Reinforcement
4. Positive punishment
5. Negative punishment
LO 5.6
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19
On average, a child will receive $10 from her parents every
2 weeks for cleaning her room. What type of reinforcement
schedule are the parents using?
1. Variable ratio
2. Fixed interval
3. Variable interval
4. Fixed ratio
5. Continuous reinforcement
LO 5.7
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20
On average, a child will receive $10 from her parents every
2 weeks for cleaning her room. What type of reinforcement
schedule are the parents using?
1. Variable ratio
2. Fixed interval
3. Variable interval (p. 200)
4. Fixed ratio
5. Continuous reinforcement
LO 5.7
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21
Which reinforcement schedule produces the highest rate in
responding (i.e., more instances of the target behavior)?
1. Variable interval
2. Fixed interval
3. Variable ratio
4. Fixed ratio
5. Continuous reinforcement
LO 5.7
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22
Which reinforcement schedule produces the highest rate in
responding (i.e., more instances of the target behavior)?
1. Variable interval
2. Fixed interval
3. Variable ratio (p. 200-201)
4. Fixed ratio
5. Continuous reinforcement
LO 5.7
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23
Research on ________________ showed that not all
behaviors can be learned through experience with the
environment (e.g., operant conditioning), as was once
thought by the behaviorists.
1. extinction
2. taste aversions
3. instinctive drift
4. punishment
5. behavior modification
LO 5.8
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24
Research on ________________ showed that not all
behaviors can be learned through experience with the
environment (e.g., operant conditioning), as was once
thought by the behaviorists.
1. extinction
2. taste aversions
3. instinctive drift (p. 202)
4. punishment
5. behavior modification
LO 5.8
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25
Knowing the location of the alternative entrances into a
building without having ever used them before is an
example of:
1. Latent learning
2. Learned helplessness
3. Classical conditioning
4. Operant conditioning
5. Insight
LO 5.10
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26
Knowing the location of the alternative entrances into a
building without having ever used them before is an
example of:
1. Latent learning (p. 206-207)
2. Learned helplessness
3. Classical conditioning
4. Operant conditioning
5. Insight
LO 5.10
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27
Seligman performed a study on learned helplessness, which demonstrated:
1. Dogs given inescapable shock did nothing to escape the shock when later given the opportunity for escape.
2. Dogs given inescapable shock did escape the shock when later given the opportunity for escape.
3. Dogs given inescapable shock later became aggressive when given the opportunity for escape.
4. Dogs given inescapable shock later became more active when given the opportunity for escape.
5. There was no difference between dogs given inescapable vs. escapable shock when later given the opportunity for escape.
LO 5.10
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28
Seligman performed a study on learned helplessness, which demonstrated:
1. Dogs given inescapable shock did nothing to escape the shock when later given the opportunity for escape. (p. 208-209)
2. Dogs given inescapable shock did escape the shock when later given the opportunity for escape.
3. Dogs given inescapable shock later became aggressive when given the opportunity for escape.
4. Dogs given inescapable shock later became more active when given the opportunity for escape.
5. There was no difference between dogs given inescapable vs. escapable shock when later given the opportunity for escape.
LO 5.10
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29
A biologist has been searching for solution as to what
area of the brain is associated with conscious experience.
After many years of work, the researcher decides to
abandon his efforts. A couple of days later, he suddenly
realizes the solution, as though out of nowhere. What
type of learning does this demonstrate?
1. Latent learning
2. Insight
3. Classical conditioning
4. Observational learning
5. Operant conditioning
LO 5.10
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30
A biologist has been searching for solution as to what
area of the brain is associated with conscious experience.
After many years of work, the researcher decides to
abandon his efforts. A couple of days later, he suddenly
realizes the solution, as though out of nowhere. What
type of learning does this demonstrate?
1. Latent learning
2. Insight (p. 208)
3. Classical conditioning
4. Observational learning
5. Operant conditioning
LO 5.10
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31
In order for observational learning to occur, all of the
following elements need to be present EXCEPT:
1. Attention
2. Intelligence
3. Memory
4. Imitation
5. Motivation
LO 5.11
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32
In order for observational learning to occur, all of the
following elements need to be present EXCEPT:
1. Attention
2. Intelligence (p. 210-211)
3. Memory
4. Imitation
5. Motivation
LO 5.11
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Critical Thinking & Student Opinion Slides
33
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What do you think?Is this “learning”?
An infant stops sucking its thumb.
A. Yes
B. No
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34
What do you think?Is this “learning”?
Children acquire language.
A. Yes
B. No
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35
What do you think?Is this “learning”?
A computer program generates random opening moves for its first 100 chess games and tabulates the outcomes of those games. Starting with the 101st game, the computer uses those tabulations to influence its choice of opening moves.
A. Yes
B. No
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36
What do you think?Is this “learning”?
A worm is placed in a T maze. The left arm of the maze is brightly lit and dry; the right arm is dim and moist. On the first ten trials, the worm turns right seven times. On the next ten trials, the worm turns right all ten times.
A. Yes
B. No
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37
What do you think?Is this “learning”?
A previously psychotic patient is given Dr. K’s patented phrenological surgery and no longer exhibits any psychotic behaviors.
A. Yes
B. No
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38
What do you think?Is this “learning”?
A lanky zinnia plant is pinched back and begins to grow denser foliage and flowers.
A. Yes
B. No
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39
What do you think?Is this “learning”?
After pondering over a difficult puzzle for hours, Jane finally figures it out. From that point on, she can solve all similar puzzles in the time it takes her to read them.
A. Yes
B. No
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40
What do you think?Is this “learning”?
After thirty years of smoking two packs a day, Zeb throws away his cigarettes and never smokes again.
A. Yes
B. No
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41
What is your experience?
I experience a startle response when I see lightning.
A. True
B. False
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42
What is your experience?
There is at least one food that I can’t eat because I got sick after eating it once.
A. True
B. False
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43
What is your experience?
There is at least one alcoholic drink that I can’t drink because I got sick after drinking it once.
A. True
B. False
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44
What is your experience?
I have a phobia.
A. True
B. False
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45
What is your learning style?
I can solve a problem best by
A. breaking down the problem into different components (analytical)
B. viewing the problem as a whole (holistic)
C. talking through the problem (verbal)
D. visualizing the problem in my head (spatial)
E. It depends on the problem.
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46