prps presentation ficci
DESCRIPTION
nbc cbrn defense presenation at ficci new delhiTRANSCRIPT
• CBRNe Threats and Mitigation• Presented byFiroze Zia Hussain CEO Totem International [email protected] partner for GE homeland security
Major threats are CBRN Hazards
Accident
Resultof
War
What is a Civil Emergency?What is a Civil Emergency?
Terrorist attack
IndustrialTransportationMedical / PharmaceuticalNatural disasterResult of biological hazard outbreak
Anatomy of a Civil Emergency IncidentAnatomy of a Civil Emergency Incident
Primary
Secondary
Incident
Contamination
Air/Ground/Water
People
CBRNe
= Chemical= Biological= Radiological= Nuclear= explosive
HazardsHazards
Chemical Warfare Agents
Biological Warfare Agents
Dirty Bombs
Examples of HazardsExamples of Hazards
White Powder Incidents
Chemical warfare agents can be divided into the following:
Lethal agentsLethal agents
Non lethal agentsNon lethal agents Incapacitating agents
Riot Control Agents
Nerve Agents Nerve Agents
Asphyxiant/blood agentsAsphyxiant/blood agents
Vesicant/blister AgentsVesicant/blister Agents
Pulmonary/choking AgentsPulmonary/choking Agents
Chemical Warfare AgentsChemical Warfare Agents
Affects the communication between nerve cells, causing uncontrollable muscle stimulation
Nerve agent types:Nerve agent types:G- AgentsG- Agents
Tabun (GA) Sarin (GB) Soman (GD) Cyclosarin (GF)
V AgentsV Agents VE VG VM VX
Typical Symptoms:Typical Symptoms:Blurred/dim visionHeadacheNauseaVomitingDiarrhoeaSecretions and sweatingMuscle twitchingLaboured breathingSeizuresLoss of consciousness
Nerve AgentNerve AgentChemical Warfare AgentsChemical Warfare Agents
Biological Warfare AgentsBiological Warfare Agents
Lethal agentsLethal agents
BacteriaBacteria
VirusesViruses
Toxins derived Toxins derived from bacteriafrom bacteria
Toxins derived Toxins derived from plantsfrom plants
Biological warfare agents can be divided into the following:
Dirty Bombs
Weapons of Mass DestructionWeapons of Mass Destruction
++
Dirty BombsDirty BombsAn Atom 3 Types of Ionising Radiation3 Types of Ionising Radiation
β Beta
Particles
γ GammaRays &X Rays
Proton(Positive)
NucleusNucleusNeutron(Neutral)
Electron(Negative)
α Alpha
Particles
Aluminium
Lead
Dirty BombsDirty BombsAn Atom
Proton(Positive)
NucleusNucleusNeutron(Neutral)
Electron(Negative)
Effects of Ionising RadiationEffects of Ionising Radiationon the Bodyon the Body
Unnatural chemical reactions within cellsDNA chains break within cells making cells dieDamaged DNA mutation (cancer)General cell malfunction (radiation sickness)
How Should the Emergency Services Respond?How Should the Emergency Services Respond?
Who responds and how?
• Different countries; different processes– E.g. Israel & France: no decontamination
at scene etc• Development of “Zones”
– Hot zone, warm zone, cold zone– Contaminated, decontamination, clean.
Exclusion (Hot) Zone
Protection Level A Protection Level B
Protection Level C
Contamination Reduction (Warm) Zone
Support (Cold) Zone
Crowd Control Line
Decontamination Line
Hot Line
Access Control Points
Wind Drainage
Typically SCBA/Gas suits
Typically Full-face/ appropriate filter/suit
or P&SA/ suit
Typically Half-mask/disposable/
skin protection – if nec.
Hot Zone Warm Zone Cold ZoneConvenient barrier to
contain primary source Decontamination zone Outer cordon - control public access (& escape!)
1st zone to be created Typically last zone to be created
Typically 2nd zone to be created
Entry likely before Detection, Identification,
Monitoring
Expect Monitoring of Secondary contamination
once hot zone detection and identification complete
Monitoring only to ensure contamination-free
Possibly unknown Hazards Hazards should be identified Should be non-hazardous
Contamination from Primary Source
Contamination only from Secondary Sources Should be contamination-free
Contamination Possibly above IDLH
Contamination should be below IDLH Should be contamination-free
Typically use SCBA (and Gas-tight suits if
necessary)
Typically negative pressure or powered filtering respirators
and full skin protection - minimum liquid-tight.
Typically minimal if any protection: post-
decontamination clothing; possibly MFR-type respirators
as safeguard
Dynamic situationZone DescriptionZone Description
Civil Emergency Response Civil Emergency Response Hot ZoneHot Zone
Contaminated
Warm ZoneWarm ZoneDecontamination Area
“Dirty”
Cold ZoneCold Zone“Clean”
Fire ServiceFire ServiceTriageRescue of CasualtiesRemoval of Bodies
INCIDENTINCIDENT
Ambulance ServiceAmbulance ServiceTriageCasualty tagging
Public MassDecontamination
EmergencyServices
Decontamination
PolicePoliceInvestigationEvidence and Intelligence gathering
PolicePoliceProperty storage& baggingContaminated body holding
Ambulance serviceAmbulance serviceCasualty clearingIn-depth triage
Ambulance LoadingAmbulance LoadingSurvivor evacuation
PolicePoliceDecontaminatedbody holding
Wind direction
Primary & Secondary ContaminationPrimary & Secondary Contamination
HospitalPersonnel
Medical Teamtreating casualties Ambulance Team
Injured and infected self presenting to hospitals & doctors surgeries
Secondary Contamination
Directly from Source
Emergency Services
arriving on scene
Primary Contamination
Indirectly via contaminated personnel & equipment
Mass Decontamination• Mass Decontamination is the task of removing possibly
contaminated personnel (public, casualties, ER workers) from the hot zone, and decontaminating them.
• Victims/casualties/personnel could be walking or on stretcher.• Equipment usually consists of a shower system in a tent, with
personnel entering at one end and exiting at the other.• Shower water will usually contain a decontamination agent to
aid removal of the contaminant from the body – often just a surfactant/detergent to reduce surface tension.
• Contaminated clothing articles and water must be collected.• Plans usually include modesty clothing for personnel.• Chemprotex PRPS was designed for this application.
How well equipped are the Emergency Services?How well equipped are the Emergency Services?Hot ZoneHot Zone
Contaminated
Warm ZoneWarm ZoneDecontamination Area
“Dirty”
Cold ZoneCold Zone“Clean”
INCIDENTINCIDENT
Wind direction
Examples of Emergency Service PPE
Desired Response
Fire ServiceHot ZoneDetection, Identification
& MonitoringReconnaissanceSearch & Rescue
PoliceWarm & Cold ZoneReconnaissanceCrime Scene
ManagementFirearms use
Fire & AmbulanceWarm ZoneTriageMass DecontaminationCasualty Transport
• Events– Do occur or are considered likely– Targets?
• Capability gaps– Governments openly admitting
• Government plans– government planning to improve
response process and capability– Status today??
ConclusionsConclusions
Civil Emergency Response (UK)Civil Emergency Response (UK)Hot ZoneHot Zone
Contaminated
Warm ZoneWarm ZoneDecontamination Area
“Dirty”
Cold ZoneCold Zone“Clean”
Fire ServiceFire ServiceTriageRescue of CasualtiesRemoval of Bodies
INCIDENTINCIDENT
Ambulance ServiceAmbulance ServiceTriageCasualty tagging
Public MassDecontamination
EmergencyServices
Decontamination
PolicePoliceInvestigationEvidence and Intelligence gathering
PolicePoliceProperty storage& baggingContaminated body holding
Ambulance serviceAmbulance serviceCasualty clearingIn-depth triage
Ambulance LoadingAmbulance LoadingSurvivor evacuation
PolicePoliceDecontaminatedbody holding
Wind direction
Civil Emergency Response (UK)Civil Emergency Response (UK)
Public Mass DecontaminationPublic Mass Decontamination
Disrobing ResponsibilitiesResponsibilitiesPoliceFire ServiceAmbulance Service
Showering ResponsibilitiesResponsibilitiesFire ServiceAmbulance Service
Re-robing ResponsibilitiesResponsibilitiesFire Service
Other ER Applications• Medical
– Triage, Casualty transport, Emergency Infection control;
– Autopsy, • Fire Service (need D.I.M) (Search/Rescue)• Police (firearms)• Civil Defence / Military:
– Decontamination of vehicles / other items
Possible Industrial Application
• Plant maintenance / shut-down
Filtration Theory
ParticleFilter
Gas/vapourFilter
Filter structureFilter structure
Particle FiltrationParticle Filtration
Four common mechanisms of particle filtrationFour common mechanisms of particle filtration
Mechanical filtration
Interception capture Inertial impaction Diffusion capture Electrostatic attraction Electrostatic
filtration
Gas filtrationGas filtration
As a rule of thumb…As a rule of thumb…
OrganicsOrganics
Tend to come from living oronce living material
InorganicInorganic
Made up of carbon based compounds which can form long chains
Compounds of elements otherthan carbon (e.g chlorine orsulphur)
Examples of inorganiccompounds are ammoniaand sulphur dioxide
Gas filtrationGas filtration
Mechanisms for filtering out gases
AdsorptionChemisorptions
The main ingredient in gas filtrationThe main ingredient in gas filtration
Charcoal is usually the main ingredient inadsorption and chemisorption filters
Granulated charcoal is used in JFR 85 filters
Activated charcoal granulemagnified
Surface area!
Surface area…Surface area…
The average surface area contained within a pair of healthy adult lungs is roughly equivalent to the area of a singles tennis court
What would you estimate the total internal and external surface area of the charcoal in a JFR 85 filter to be?
??
Surface area…Surface area…The internal/external surface area of the granulated charcoal in the JFR 85 filter is over 306,000m²…
=
40 international sized football pitches!40 international sized football pitches!
= 80 international sized football pitches!80 international sized football pitches!
Gas filter suitability…Gas filter suitability…
Filter typeFilter type Gases filtered outGases filtered out Filtration methodFiltration method
A Organic gases Adsorption
B Inorganic gases Chemisorption
E (Inorganic) acid gases
Ammonia gas
Chemisorption
ChemisorptionK
Combination filtersCombination filters
Pleated 3M advanced electret particle filtration layerGranulated activated/chemically treated charcoal layer
Contaminated air in
Filtered air out
The Respiratory Protection System
• Powered Respirator Theory• Chemprotex PRPS – the Powered
Respirator System• Filtration
– Filtration Theory– JFR-85-CE Filter Performance
JFR-85-CE Filter PerformanceJFR-85-CE Filter Performance
The JFR-85-CE filter has been The JFR-85-CE filter has been designed specifically for use designed specifically for use with the Chemprotex PRPS.with the Chemprotex PRPS.
This module gives an overview This module gives an overview of the performance of the JFR-of the performance of the JFR-85-CE filter, when used with 85-CE filter, when used with the Chemprotex PRPS.the Chemprotex PRPS.
The Respiratory Protection System
• Powered Respirator Theory• Chemprotex PRPS – the Powered Respirator
System• Filtration
– Filtration Theory– JFR-85-CE Filter Performance
• Particulates• Gases
JFR-85-CE Filter PerformanceJFR-85-CE Filter Performance
• Dusts & Liquid aerosols – Solid particles
• Wood dust, smoke, cement dust • Spores ( e.g. anthrax)• Radioactive particles (e.g. caesium 137, polonium
210, strontium 90, etc – dirty bomb particles)– Water and oil-based
• Bacteria, viruses (e.g. Ebola, botulin)• Sneezes (loaded with viruses….)• Acid & alkaline mists (e.g. sulphuric acid & sodium
hydroxide)• Mustard gas may contain both a vapour and a mist.
JFR-85-CE Filter Performance - ParticulatesJFR-85-CE Filter Performance - Particulates
• JFR-85-CE is tested to EN12941 TH3 (PF=500xTLV)– Total inward leakage measured against
most penetrating aerosol size. – Must have max filter penetration of <0.2%
• Lab results far below this • much higher Lab protection factor
– 100% on-line test– Currently, we can only claim 500.– Working on a plan to claim 2000.
JFR-85-CE Filter Performance - ParticulatesJFR-85-CE Filter Performance - Particulates
The Respiratory Protection System
• Powered Respirator Theory• Chemprotex PRPS – the Powered Respirator
System• Filtration
– Filtration Theory– JFR-85-CE Filter Performance
• Particulates• Gases
JFR-85-CE Filter PerformanceJFR-85-CE Filter Performance
• Mostly based on organophosphate chemistry (pesticides)
• Highly toxic (obviously!)• Some toxic by inhalation – volatile; some by
skin contact – not volatile• Can be mixed with a “carrier” – e.g. to make
it more adhesive• Mostly simulants are tested, and not live
agents
Chemical Warfare AgentsChemical Warfare Agents
Measuring PermeationMeasuring Permeation
480Time in minutes
60 120 180 240 300 360 420
PermeationRate(µg/cm²·min)
1.0
0.1
MDPR
ASTM F739
EN374-3
SSPR
Measuring PermeationMeasuring Permeation
Powered Respirator Theory
How can we provide protection?How can we provide protection?
What are the key principles we can adopt to protectagainst CBRN Hazards
Protection principlesProtection principles
Avoid coming into contact with the substance
Avoid inhaling the substance
Avoid ingesting the substance
For 100% protection 2 choices:
Total protection from contaminationTotal protection from contamination
Avoid entering the contaminated area X
For 100% protection 2 choices:
Total protection from contaminationTotal protection from contamination
Avoid entering the contaminated area
Create a protective barrier between the worker and the contamination X
Total protection from contaminationTotal protection from contamination
Fundamental flaws…
Unable to move about
Unable to interact with environment
The user will be suffocated within a few minutes
Respiratory protection/air supply optionsRespiratory protection/air supply options
Compressed airline system
Self contained breathing apparatus
Powered respirator system with filters
Compressed airline systemCompressed airline systemCould be demand valve or constant-flow
Large volume of clean-air air provided if constant-flow
Could be facepiece or loose-fitting
Severely limited mobility
CompressorClean-
air intake
SCBA within the bubbleSCBA within the bubble
Limited volume of clean air available
Demand valve required
Bubble filled with exhaled air
Exhalation valve to outside environment required
Heavy load on user
Powered air within the bubblePowered air within the bubble
Large volume of filtered air provided
Bubble filled with exhaled air and excess airflow
Air management required
Exhalation valve to outside environment required
Make the bubble fit a personMake the bubble fit a person
Allows movement
Allows interaction with the environment
Make the bubble fit a personMake the bubble fit a person
Allows movement
Allows interaction with the environment
Protection from contaminationProtection from contamination
How do powered respirators provide protection?
Powered respirator key componentsPowered respirator key components
Electric motor and fan
Rechargeable battery
Face seal
Filter
How does the flow of air protect the user?How does the flow of air protect the user?Air flows through theheadtop at 135-230 l/min
The face seal maintains aslightly higher air pressureinside the headtop
Exhaled and excess air is flushed out through exhalation holes or valves
Any face seal leaks shouldnormally leak - clean airout
The benefits of a powered respiratorThe benefits of a powered respirator
Airborne hazard protection
Normal breathing effort
A refreshing flow of filtered air
Exhaled air is flushed out
Long operating times
Light weight/portable
Protection from contaminationProtection from contamination
++
Face sealBreathing tube/connectorsHeadtop leaksExhalation holesFilter efficiency
Face seal Breathing
tube/connectors Headtop leaks
Exhalation valves Filter efficiency
Inward leakage paths of a Powered Respirator
Inward leakage paths of a Powered Respirator inside a gas tight suit
The suit and attachmentsThe suit and attachments
What is protecting the user from making physicalcontact with the toxic substances
The Chemical Protective Clothing SystemThe Chemical Protective Clothing System
TychemTychem®® TK TK
Tychem TK features
Outstanding chemical barrier propertiesLight weight, supple and flexibleHigh material strength and tear resistancePhysical properties maintained over a wide temperature rangeNon halogenated barrier films
TychemTychem®® TK TK
Polymer coating
1st barrier film
2nd barrier film
TychemTychem®® TK TK
Polyester nonwoven
Polymer coating
1st barrier film
2nd barrier film
0.72mm
TychemTychem®® TK permeability TK permeability
Dimethylamine (Gas) BS EN374-3 breakthrough time > 480 minutes
Trapezoidal tear testTrapezoidal tear test
Tychem TK has passed the 200N tear test
Flex cracking testFlex cracking test
Tychem TK has gained class 1 performance: >1000 flexing cycles without damage
Seam designSeam design
Seam designSeam designTypical external seam
Typical internal seam
Effective gluethickness
ZipZip
Zip flapZip flap
VisorVisor
480 minute chemicalpermeation protection
Visor designVisor design
PVC base materialChemicalprotective layer
Unobstructed field of vision
Boot attachmentBoot attachment
BootBoot
Chemical ProtectionInjection moulded seamless constructionUpper and sole oil resistant to EN345-S5Boot compound surpasses NFPA 1991 requirementsChemical permeation resistance to EN374-3
Safety featuresSlip & oil resistant soleStainless steel toecap (200 joule)Stainless steel midsole
Glove attachmentGlove attachment
Additional chemical resistant lining
GlovesGlovesHeavy duty Neoprene glove
Lighter duty Neoprene glove
Optional cotton glove
ValveValve
ValveValve
Wide flange
Valve cover
Rear facing exhalation vents
Labyrinth
Rubber gasket
Suit sizesSuit sizes
S M L XL XXL
Glove and boot sizesWe can provide standard size combinations to match the suitWe can offer individual glove, boot and suit size combinations to accommodate customer preferences
POWERED RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE SUIT [ N B C ]
• BATTERY POWERED 3M JUPITER ER TURBO FITTED.
• HIGHLY CHEMICAL RESISTANT FABRIC WITH HAZMAX SHOE FITTED.
• TWO FILTER ATTACHED TO FILTER C B R N.
• RECHARGABLE BATTERY TIME 4 HOURS
• NO NEED OF BA SET OR AIRLINE .• AS PER EN 464:1994• REMOTE ALARM DEVICE .• WIDELY USED BY FIRE SERVICES,
PHARMA, DISASTER MANAGEMENT
RESPIREX TRAINING AND SERVICE CENTRE INDIA• LEAK TEST GAS TIGHT SUIT TO EN
464:1994• CARRY OUT ROUTINE
MAINTENANCE• REPORT AND RACTIFY ANY
DEFECTS• REPAIR OF GARMENTS • INTERNALLY SANITIZE AND
DECONTAMINATION OF THE GARMENTS
• PROVIDE FULL SAFETY AUDIT ON GARMENT.
• ADVISE & TRAINING ON SUIT CLEANING, STORAGE AND WEARING
• ANNUAL MAINTAINCE CONTRACTS
Suit gas testingSuit gas testing
THANKYOU