Providing First AidHealth Chapter 28

Responding to an EmergencyCheck, Call and CareCheck: Check the scene for danger.

Be alert of spilled chemicals, traffic, fire, smoke, downed electrical lines ect.

Call: Call 911. Answer all questions, and if possible have someone else call if you’re providing emergency assistance. Make sure you point to someone specifically to call.

Responding to an Emergency (2)Care: 1. If possible ask the person for

permission to help. 2. Take care of unconscious

people first.3. Ask if they are okay.Check for breathing.

First Aid

1. Put gloves on.2. Wash mild wounds with soap

and water.To control Bleeding:1. cover wound with clean cloth

and press firmly with pressure.2. elevate above heart if

possible.Call for help.

Treating BurnsTurn to page 741.First Degree Burn: Outer layer burnt. 1. Pour cool water on it for ten

minutes, and then dry with towel, and put a sterile bandage on it.

Second Degree: Skin will blister.1. Cool with cold water. Elevate the

burned area, Wrap loosely with a sterile bandage, do not pop or peel skin, go to the hospital.

Treating Burns (2)Third Degree Burn: Deeper layer

of skin, possibly fat, muscle, nerves or bone are burnt.

1. Call 911 immediately.2. cool down with cold water. 3. Cover the area with dressing

or clean cloth.

Life Threatening EmergenciesFirst you begin the chain of

survival:For an Adult:1. call 911Check for Breathing2. Begin CPR (if no breathing)3. Early Defibrillation (AED)4. Transfer to advanced care.

(keep heart beating until EMS arrives.

ABC’s of Adult CPR

CPR: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.

A= Open Airway1. Remove any foreign objects,

put hand on forehead, lift chin.

CPR Adult (2)B= Breathing1. Look, Listen and feel for

breathing.2. Pinch nose, put mouth over

victims mouth, give two slow breaths, each about 2 seconds. Victims chest should rise.

CPR Adult (3)C= Circulation1. if still not breathing place

hands between nipples. Put heal of hand on the breast bone, and interlock fingers.

2. Position body above arms, arms straight, elbows locked.

3. Give 15 compressions to every 2 rescue breaths, continue for 4 cycles (1 minute) and check for breathing.

CPR Adult (4)4. If the victim responds stop

compressions.5. If the victim moves or coughs

but still is not breathing continue with a 1 to 5 ratio.

6. If the victim starts to breath turn them on their side and wait for EMS.

ABC’s for ChildA= Open Airway1. Remove any foreign objects,

put hand on forehead, lift chin.

ABC’s for Child/Infant (2)B= Breathing1. Look, Listen and feel for

breathing.2. Pinch nose put mouth over

victims mouth, give two slow breaths, each breath about 1 to 1 and a half seconds. Victims chest should rise.

ABC’s for Child (3)C= Circulation1. if still not breathing place 1 hand

on forehead and the heal of the other hand on breast bone.

2. Position body above arm, arm straight, elbow locked. Tilt forehead and plug nose with same hand.

3. Give 5 compressions to every 1 rescue breaths, continue for 20 cycles (1 minute) and check for breathing.

ABC’s for Child (4)4. If the victim responds stop

compressions.5. If the victim moves or coughs

but still is not breathing continue with a 1 to 3 ratio.

ABC’s for InfantA= Open Airway1. Remove any foreign objects,

put hand on forehead, lift chin.

ABC’s for Infant (2)B= Breathing1. Look, Listen and feel for

breathing.2.Put mouth over both the mouth

and nose, give two slow breaths, each breath about 1 to 1 and a half seconds. Victims chest should rise.

ABC’s for Infant (3)C= Circulation1. if still not breathing place 1 hand

on forehead and 2 to 3 fingers of the other hand on breast bone.

2. Position body above arm, arm straight, elbow locked. Tilt forehead and plug nose with same hand.

3. Give 5 compressions to every 1 rescue breaths, continue for 20 cycles (1 minute) and check for breathing.

ABC’s for Infant (4)4. If the victim responds stop

compressions.5. If the victim moves or coughs

but still is not breathing continue with a 1 to 3 ratio.

First Aid ChokingIf they are coughing encourage them to

keep coughing.

If they cannot talk and are turning blue, place fist between bellybutton and breast bone. Reach around victim and place other hand over fist. Pull hand inward and upward until obstruction is gone.

First Aid Choking for infant. If the Baby is not breathing turn

the baby over (downward) supporting head and neck with hand, and give the baby five blows with the heal of your hand between the should blades. If not dislodged give 5 chest thrusts. Now alternate for one minute. If still is not out, then perform CPR phone 911.

Sprains and StrainsRICER= RestAvoid movements that use the

injured muscle or joint.I= IcePut ice cubes in ziplock, wrap

towel around it, ice 20 min on 20 min off for 72 hours.

RICEC= CompressionLight pressure from wrap may

reduce swelling.E= ElevateRise affected limb over heart to

help pain and swelling.

Other TreatmentsNose Bleed: apply pressure lean

forward not backward. Breath through mouth.

Object in eye: Do not rub eye, try to blink, if this doesn’t work, have a friend look to see if they see it. Take a moist cotton swab to get it out. If you cannot see it, then flush it out with cool water.