January 12th, 2012 CW 6.1: Haitian Revolution Page 1

Do First (3 minutes) and Share Out (2 minutes)

Describe the causes, events, and outcomes of the French Revolution:

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Objective (2 minutes)

SWBAT compare and contrast the French and Haitian revolutions.

Note: At the end of this lesson you will need to:

Create a Venn Diagram that compares and contrasts the French and Haitian revolutions Write a thesis on the following prompt:

Compare and contrast the French and Haitian Revolutions

Agenda (1 minute)

Do First and Share Out (5 minutes) Objective and Lesson Overview (4 minutes) Key Ideas (5 minutes) Haitian Revolution: Reading (15 minutes) Haitian and French Revolutions: Compare and Contrast (6 minutes) Thesis Writing (7 minutes) Exit Ticket (5 minutes)

Key Ideas (5 minutes)

1. The Haitian Revolution took place from 1791-1804 on the island of Hispaniola in the French colony of St. Domingue

2. St. Domingue, the French colony, contained massive sugar and coffee plantations that were staffed by African slaves. Conditions on these plantations were brutal: The death rate was higher than the birth rate, so new slaves were constantly being imported

3. The French revolution provided an example to the slaves of the island, and one former slave, Toussaint L’Ouverture, who led the successful revolution

4. After the revolution, which was successful, the biracial descendants of the former French slave owners rose to power, creating a two-caste system, where the biracial children of the French ruled Haiti, and the lower class farmers lived in poverty

5. In order to be accepted among other countries of the world, the Haitians were forced to pay money to the families of the slave owners killed in the revolution. This put the country extremely in debt and contributed to its continued poverty up to today

January 12th, 2012 CW 6.1: Haitian Revolution Page 2

Part I: Haitian Revolution

To revolt (v.), revolt (n.)

To rebel, rebellion French colony of Saint-Domingue

The French colony that existed on the island of Hispaniola, where modern day Haiti exists now

European colonial power

A country in Europe that colonized the Americas. In the case of Haiti, the colonial power was France.

The Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) was a slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which culminated in the elimination of slavery there and the founding of the Haitian republic. The Haitian Revolution was the only slave revolt which led to the founding of a state. The revolution was one of the two successful attempts, along with the American Revolution, to achieve permanent independence from a European colonial power for an American state before the 19th century. Furthermore, it is generally considered the most successful slave rebellion ever to have occurred in the Americas and as a defining moment in the history of Africans in the New World.

1. In the Haitian Revolution, who revolted against whom?______________________________________

2. Was the Haitian Revolution successful?____________________________________________________

3. The last line of the above describes the Haitian Revolution as “…a defining moment in the history of Africans in the New World.” Explain in your own words what the author might mean. (Critical Thinking Question)

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“The colonial oligarchy spared neither means of oppression nor refinement of cruelty in order to maintain the all-powerful weight of exploitation on the African people and its descendants. So as to legitimize the violation of all principles of natural law, this oligarchy proclaimed aloud the intellectual and moral inability of that race.”

Toussain L’Ouverture, Memoires

January 12th, 2012 CW 6.1: Haitian Revolution Page 3

Part II: Haiti After the Revolution

Political and Economic Isolation

It took years before other countries would recognize Haiti as a real country

Nascent (adj.) Coming into being, in the process of being created, new

Reparations (n.) Repayment for a wrong. In this case, the French made the Haitian gov. pay money to the families of the slavetraders “harmed” in the revolution

Rural subsistence farmers

Farmers who raise crops to eat (and barely make enough to survive) as opposed to farmers who sell crops for cash

Although an independent government was created in Haiti, its society continued to be deeply affected by the patterns established under French colonial rule. The French established a system of minority rule over the illiterate poor by using violence and threats. Because many planters had provided for their mixed-race children by African women by giving them education and (for men) training and entrance into the French military, the biracial descendants became the elite in Haiti after the revolution.

By the time of war, many of these biracial Haitians had used their social capital to acquire wealth, and some already owned land. Their domination of politics and economics after the revolution created another two-caste society, as most Haitians were rural subsistence farmers. In addition, the nascent state's future was practically "mortgaged" to French banks in the 1820s, as it was forced to make massive reparations to French slaveholders in order to receive French recognition and end the nation's political and economic isolation. These payments may have permanently affected Haiti's economy and wealth.

1. The first paragraph says that the new country of Haiti was “…deeply affected by the patterns established under French colonial rule.” What patterns were these? Describe them.

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2. What were the two castes that existed in Haitian?

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3. Describe the relationship between Haiti and France after the revolution.

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January 12th, 2012 CW 6.1: Haitian Revolution Page 4

Part III: Compare and Contrast the French and Haitian Revolutions

In the following box, copy down the key points of the French Revolution. Use your returned handout from the week before break:

In the space below, draw a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting the French and Haitian revolutions. Make sure to touch on the following three categories:

1. Cause2. Outcome3. Relationships between social classes

January 12th, 2012 CW 6.1: Haitian Revolution Page 5Thesis Writing

What areas of thought were affected by the Enlightenment?

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The following rubric describes how your thesis will be scored:

Thesis Rubric 0 1 2

AssertionThesis does not contain an assertion.

Thesis contains a statement that responds to the prompt but it is not arguable.

Thesis contains an arguable statement that responds to the prompt.

Areas of Thinking

Thesis contains 1 or fewer areas of thinking affected by the Enlightenment.

Thesis contains 2 areas of thinking affected by the Enlightenment.

Thesis contains 3 or more areas of thinking affected by the Enlightenment.

Examples/Explanations

One or fewer of the reasons why Luther wanted to reform the Catholic Church is explained or has an example.

Two of the reasons why Luther wanted to reform the Catholic Church are explained or have examples.

Three or more of the reasons why Luther wanted to reform the Catholic Church are explained or have example.

Partner Eval. Score What evidence do you see for this score?

Assertion

Areas of Think.

Ex./Explanations