proton ffag accelerator r&d at bnl alessandro g. ruggiero brookhaven national laboratory...

Proton FFAG AcceleratorR&D at BNL

Proton FFAG AcceleratorR&D at BNL

Alessandro G. RuggieroBrookhaven National Laboratory

Alessandro G. RuggieroBrookhaven National Laboratory

June 23, 2005June 23, 2005 A.G. Ruggiero -- NuFact 05 - FrascatiA.G. Ruggiero -- NuFact 05 - Frascati 22

Present BNL - AGS Facility

Performance

• Rep. Rate 0.4 Hz

• Top Energy 28 GeV

• Intensity 7 x 1013 ppp

• Ave. Power 125 kW

1.5-GeV Booster

200-MeV DTL

28-GeV AGS

HI Tandem

0.5 sec

2.0 sec

AGS

Booster

Typical AGS cycle for Protons 0.5 sec 2.0 sec

4 x 150 µs @ 30 mA (H–)

Typical DTL cycle for Protons


AGS Upgrade with 1.2-GeV SCLAGS Upgrade with 1.2-GeV SCL

• Performance



• Intensity 1.0 x 1014 ppp

• Ave. Power 1.0 MW

• Only Protons, no HI

• Performance





• Only Protons, no HI

1.5-GeV Booster

200-MeV DTL

28-GeV AGS

HI Tandem

1.2 GeV SCL

AGS Cycle with 1.2-GeV SCL

0.4 sec

0.4 sec

DTL cycle for Protons with 1.2-GeV SCL

1 x 720 µs @ 30 mA (H–)

BNL- C-A/AP/151

Upgrade to 400 MeV


AGS Upgrade with 1.5-GeV FFAGAGS Upgrade with 1.5-GeV FFAG

Performance





• Protons, and HI (??)

Performance





• Protons, and HI (??)

1.5-GeV Booster

400-MeV DTL

28-GeV AGS

HI Tandem

1.5-GeV FFAG

AGS Cycle with 1.5-GeV FFAG

0.4 sec

BNL - C-A/AP/157

0.4 sec

DTL cycle for Protons with 1.5-GeV FFAG

1 x 960 µs @ 35 mA (H–)


BNL Proposal to Conduct Accelerator R&D for a Future U.S. Neutrino Physics Program

Submitted to the U.S. Department of Energy Office of High Energy Physicsby Brookhaven National Laboratory

August 15, 2005

BNL Proposal to Conduct Accelerator R&D for a Future U.S. Neutrino Physics Program

Submitted to the U.S. Department of Energy Office of High Energy Physicsby Brookhaven National Laboratory

August 15, 2005This is a proposal submitted by Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to the U.S. Department of

Energy (DOE), Office of High Energy Physics (OHEP), to conduct Accelerator R&D focused on the improvement of accelerator systems and capabilities needed for effective pursuit of future accelerator-based sources of intense neutrino beams. Our proposal emphasizes the R&D needs required by the ‘Super Neutrino Beam’ concept identified in the 2004 Office of Science Future Facilities Intiative1. The proposed R&D work will be central to the future effectiveness of the U.S. Neutrino Oscillations Program using accelerator sources of neutrinos. We outline a program that is structured to evolve over a three-year period, indicating technical goals, requested OHEP support levels and staffing to meet the objectives. The proposed R&D topics are described in detail in the sections after this summary. A prioritized list of topics and proposed support levels is given here….

Our 1st and 2nd priority topics are for generic high-power, proton target and integrated target/horn meson-focusing systems R&D. This proposed R&D work will be needed by any accelerator source that proposes to advance the capabilities of the U.S. in future accelerator-based neutrino experiments. We also observe that beyond the neutrino-less double beta-decay and reactor neutrino experiments currently under consideration for near-term approval, the future effectiveness of neutrino oscillation physics will depend upon the development of Megawatt-class target sources and Megaton-class detectors. Our 3rd R&D priority is for the development of novel, Fixed-Focus, Alternating-Gradient (FFAG) conceptual accelerator designs that could provide a much cheaper, high-power proton source for neutrinos than the current SC linac plan. ….

This is a proposal submitted by Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of High Energy Physics (OHEP), to conduct Accelerator R&D focused on the improvement of accelerator systems and capabilities needed for effective pursuit of future accelerator-based sources of intense neutrino beams. Our proposal emphasizes the R&D needs required by the ‘Super Neutrino Beam’ concept identified in the 2004 Office of Science Future Facilities Intiative1. The proposed R&D work will be central to the future effectiveness of the U.S. Neutrino Oscillations Program using accelerator sources of neutrinos. We outline a program that is structured to evolve over a three-year period, indicating technical goals, requested OHEP support levels and staffing to meet the objectives. The proposed R&D topics are described in detail in the sections after this summary. A prioritized list of topics and proposed support levels is given here….

Our 1st and 2nd priority topics are for generic high-power, proton target and integrated target/horn meson-focusing systems R&D. This proposed R&D work will be needed by any accelerator source that proposes to advance the capabilities of the U.S. in future accelerator-based neutrino experiments. We also observe that beyond the neutrino-less double beta-decay and reactor neutrino experiments currently under consideration for near-term approval, the future effectiveness of neutrino oscillation physics will depend upon the development of Megawatt-class target sources and Megaton-class detectors. Our 3rd R&D priority is for the development of novel, Fixed-Focus, Alternating-Gradient (FFAG) conceptual accelerator designs that could provide a much cheaper, high-power proton source for neutrinos than the current SC linac plan. ….


Proposal for R&D to DOEProposal for R&D to DOE

1.0 Introduction [D. Lowenstein, W. Weng]

2.0 Proton Target Materials R&D: [H. Kirk, N. Simos]

3.0 Integrated Horn/Target R&D: [N. Simos]

4.0 FFAG Conceptual Design R&D: [A. Ruggiero]

5.0 High Temperature Superconducting Magnets: [R. Gupta]

6.0 Plasma Focusing Device Design R&D: [A. Hershcovitch]

7.0 AGS Super Neutrino Beam Upgrade: [T. Roser]

8.0 Neutrino Factory Design Studies: [R. Fernow, J. Gallardo, R. Palmer]

9.0 R&D Support Summary: [D. Lowenstein, W. Weng]

1.0 Introduction [D. Lowenstein, W. Weng]

2.0 Proton Target Materials R&D: [H. Kirk, N. Simos]

3.0 Integrated Horn/Target R&D: [N. Simos]

4.0 FFAG Conceptual Design R&D: [A. Ruggiero]

5.0 High Temperature Superconducting Magnets: [R. Gupta]

6.0 Plasma Focusing Device Design R&D: [A. Hershcovitch]

7.0 AGS Super Neutrino Beam Upgrade: [T. Roser]

8.0 Neutrino Factory Design Studies: [R. Fernow, J. Gallardo, R. Palmer]

9.0 R&D Support Summary: [D. Lowenstein, W. Weng]


Acceleration in the AGS Upgrade FFAGAcceleration in the AGS Upgrade FFAG

Injection ExtractionKinetic Energy, MeV 400 1,500 Momentum, MeV/c 954.3 2250.5 0.71306 0.92300Revol. Freq., MHz 0.2650 0.3428Revol. Period, µs 3.78 2.92Harmonic Number 24RF Frequency, MHz 6.357 8.228Bunch Area (full), eV-s 0.40Peak RF Voltage, MVolt 1.20Energy Gain, MeV/turn 0.50No. of Cavities 30No. Protons / Cycle 1.0 x 1014

Circulating Current, Amp 4.24 5.49Beam RF Power, MW 2.12 2.75Space-Charge 0.50 0.16Full Emittance, norm. 100 π mm-mradRepetition Rate, Hz 2.5Injection Period 1.0 ms (255 turns)Acceleration Period 7.0 ms (2,200 turns)Total Period 8.0 ms

Injection ExtractionKinetic Energy, MeV 400 1,500 Momentum, MeV/c 954.3 2250.5 0.71306 0.92300Revol. Freq., MHz 0.2650 0.3428Revol. Period, µs 3.78 2.92Harmonic Number 24RF Frequency, MHz 6.357 8.228Bunch Area (full), eV-s 0.40Peak RF Voltage, MVolt 1.20Energy Gain, MeV/turn 0.50No. of Cavities 30No. Protons / Cycle 1.0 x 1014

Circulating Current, Amp 4.24 5.49Beam RF Power, MW 2.12 2.75Space-Charge 0.50 0.16Full Emittance, norm. 100 π mm-mradRepetition Rate, Hz 2.5Injection Period 1.0 ms (255 turns)Acceleration Period 7.0 ms (2,200 turns)Total Period 8.0 ms


Proton BNL Electron Model for FFAGProton BNL Electron Model for FFAG

Injection ExtractionKinetic Energy, keV 217.85 816.93 Momentum, keV/c 519.73 1,225.66 0.71306 0.92300Revol. Freq., MHz 2.3618 3.0552Revol. Period, µs 0.4234 0.3273Harmonic Number 3RF Frequency, MHz 7.085 9.166Bunch Area (full), eV-s 0.40Peak RF Voltage, kVolt 5.824Energy Gain, keV/turn 2.427No. of Cavities 1No. Protons / Cycle 5.446 x 1010

Circulating Current, mA 20.59 26.659Beam RF Power, W 50.04 65.13Space-Charge 0.50 0.16Full Emittance, norm. 100 π mm-mradRepetition Rate, Hz 2.5Injection Period 0.1122 ms (255 turns)Acceleration Period 0.7854 ms (2,200 turns)Total Period 0.8976 mse-Source Current 161.5 µA

Injection ExtractionKinetic Energy, keV 217.85 816.93 Momentum, keV/c 519.73 1,225.66 0.71306 0.92300Revol. Freq., MHz 2.3618 3.0552Revol. Period, µs 0.4234 0.3273Harmonic Number 3RF Frequency, MHz 7.085 9.166Bunch Area (full), eV-s 0.40Peak RF Voltage, kVolt 5.824Energy Gain, keV/turn 2.427No. of Cavities 1No. Protons / Cycle 5.446 x 1010

Circulating Current, mA 20.59 26.659Beam RF Power, W 50.04 65.13Space-Charge 0.50 0.16Full Emittance, norm. 100 π mm-mradRepetition Rate, Hz 2.5Injection Period 0.1122 ms (255 turns)Acceleration Period 0.7854 ms (2,200 turns)Total Period 0.8976 mse-Source Current 161.5 µA


BNL Electron Model for Proton FFAGBNL Electron Model for Proton FFAG

Circumference, m 9.05484

Period Length, m 0.377286No. of Periods 24

F: Length, cm 4.375 Field, G –38.717 Gradient, G/m 3,739D: Length, cm 8.7 Field, G 90.586 Gradient, G/m –3,275

Drifts: S (half), cm 8.239 g (full), cm 1.875

Phase Adv. /Period H 0.32589

V 0.28593Betatron Tune H 7.82122 V 6.86230

Transition Energy, T 16.914 i

Chromaticity H –0.8274

V –1.8493

Circumference, m 9.05484

Period Length, m 0.377286No. of Periods 24

F: Length, cm 4.375 Field, G –38.717 Gradient, G/m 3,739D: Length, cm 8.7 Field, G 90.586 Gradient, G/m –3,275

Drifts: S (half), cm 8.239 g (full), cm 1.875

Phase Adv. /Period H 0.32589

V 0.28593Betatron Tune H 7.82122 V 6.86230

Transition Energy, T 16.914 i

Chromaticity H –0.8274

V –1.8493


Linear Field ProfileLinear Field Profile

B, kG

F - Sector

B, kG D - Sector

x, m x, m

s, m

H

V

xp, cm


Adjusted Field ProfileAdjusted Field Profile

B, kG

F - Sector

B, kG

D - Sector

x, m

H

V

xp, cm

, s m


Solicitation of a SBIR Proposal for the Construction of an Electron-Modelto simulate the Beam Dynamics of a Proton FFAG with Non-Scaling LatticeSolicitation of a SBIR Proposal for the Construction of an Electron-Modelto simulate the Beam Dynamics of a Proton FFAG with Non-Scaling Lattice

…….

We are proposing here the construction of a Non-Scaling Proton FFAG Accelerator prototype as a demonstration of the principle. At this purpose we use acceleration of electrons instead of protons to allow scaling down the ring dimensions and energy range. Tentative parameters of the prototype are given in Tables 1 and 2. The basic component is a period made of straight sections and a FDF triplet magnet as shown in Figure 1. The bending field distribution across the width of each of the two magnets is given in Figure 2 for a Linear Field Profile and in Figure 3 for an Adjusted Field Profile that minimize the betatron tune variation across the momentum aperture. We have adopted the criterion to emulate as close as possible acceleration of protons in the FFAG for the AGS Upgrade. The electron beam energy selected would indeed preserves the beam velocity variation in the acceleration cycle. Moreover beam intensity and dimensions have been chosen to intentionally create significant space-charge forces at injection.

……..

…….

We are proposing here the construction of a Non-Scaling Proton FFAG Accelerator prototype as a demonstration of the principle. At this purpose we use acceleration of electrons instead of protons to allow scaling down the ring dimensions and energy range. Tentative parameters of the prototype are given in Tables 1 and 2. The basic component is a period made of straight sections and a FDF triplet magnet as shown in Figure 1. The bending field distribution across the width of each of the two magnets is given in Figure 2 for a Linear Field Profile and in Figure 3 for an Adjusted Field Profile that minimize the betatron tune variation across the momentum aperture. We have adopted the criterion to emulate as close as possible acceleration of protons in the FFAG for the AGS Upgrade. The electron beam energy selected would indeed preserves the beam velocity variation in the acceleration cycle. Moreover beam intensity and dimensions have been chosen to intentionally create significant space-charge forces at injection.

……..

proton ffag accelerator r&d at bnl alessandro g. ruggiero brookhaven national laboratory...

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