Proton Driver / Project X Keith Gollwitzer Fermilab August 30, 2012 Outline Proton Driver Requirements Project X as part of Proton Driver Reference Design Upgrade Path Formatting Rings Accumulator Compressor Delivery to Target Plans August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)2 Proton Driver Requirements Start from IDS-NF Muon Collider is similar except 1 Bunch per train at Hz August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)3 ParameterValue Kinetic Energy5-15 GeV Average Beam Power4MW (3.125 x protons/s) Repetition Rate50 Hz Bunches per train3 Total Time for bunches240 s Bunch Length (rms)1-3 ns Beam Radius (rms)1.2 mm Geometric Emittance (rms)< 5 m * at target> 30 cm Note that 1 bunch is acceptable Project X Mission Goals Provide a neutrino beam for long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments based on a capability of targeting at least 2 MW on proton beam power at any energy between GeV. Provide MW-class, multi-GeV, proton beams supporting multiple kaon, muon and neutrino based precision experiments. Simultaneous operations of the rare processes and neutrino programs are required. Provide a path toward a muon source for possible future Neutrino Factory and/or Muon Collider. Provide Options for implementing a program of Standard Model tests with nuclei and/or nuclear energy applications. August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)4 Project X: Accelerator Overview June 2011 Project X Reference Design CW Linac will support average beam current of 1 mA to 3 GeV Pulsed Linac (3-8 GeV) will have a ~5% duty factor Possible 8 GeV beam power of 320 kW Programmable Chopper System (part of H- source) will provide appropriate bunch structure for the linac experiments as well as fill the appropriate part of the RF buckets in the accumulating Recycler Ring August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)5 Pulsed Linac chosen over RCS in FY11 as a better upgrade path for MAP Choppers One gross chopper prior to RFQ Programmable chopper after RFQ (162.5MHz) which is capable of single bunch selection; limits beam current in CW linac Project X Choppers & Splitters August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)6 Splitters Pulsed Dipole: switch from 3GeV experiment area and Pulsed Linac Transverse RF beam splitter synchronized with programmable chopper Gross Chopping & Splitting August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)7 Fine Chopping August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)8 Project X MAP Task Force Members of Project X and MAP teams have outlined how to Upgrade Project X to achieve 4MW at 8GeV Increase particles Doubling per linac bunch & average beam current to 5 mA Increase pulsed linac duty factor Increase to 10% Beam Reformatting Accumulation Ring Bunch Compression August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)9 Met April December 2011 Working on report Proton Driver Layout August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)10 Accumulator Ring Compressor Ring 4MW Target Project X Upgrade Path - 1 August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)11 Front End (warm) H- ion source, RFQ, MEBT, Programmable Chopper System Initially 5mA Run at 10mA (Ion source is capable) Programmable Chopper Capable of bunch by bunch 162.5MHz Will suppress beam to limit beam current down stream to 5mA 1mA average Entire front end is being designed for 10mA Front End Collimation Systems designed to intercept beam will have to be able to handle the increased number of particles Factor of two prior to chopper system Factor of five downstream of chopper Project X team is designing an absorber associated with the programmable chopper capable of 25kW from 5kW Will also need to be able to handle increase in beam size Larger emittance for larger RFQ output current August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)12 Project X Upgrade Path - 2 August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)13 3 GeV CW SRF Linac Average beam current 1mA 5mA 325 and 650MHz Retuning of couplers to be efficient may set initially for higher current Project X Upgrade Path - 3 August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)14 Pulsed Linac 1.3 GHz SRF 3-8 GeV 10% 5% duty factor at 10Hz 15Hz More RF power Upgrade of couplers More cryo capacity Project X Pulsed Linac August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)15 Project X Upgrade Path - 4 August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)16 Conventional facilities More water cooling Building space More cryo capacity More Klystrons An upgrade re-uses >75% of RDR cost Project X RDR cost distribution (FY11) Project X to Formatting Rings The outlined Project X upgrade will provide 4MW of H - beam at 8GeV Pulsed linac repetition rate is appropriate for NF/MC Linac beam pulses are delivered at 162.5MHz with only 50% occupancy Beam re-formatting Accumulation/conversion to proton beam Package in few bunches of appropriate length August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)17 Possible Operational Schemes Upgraded Project X pulses at 15Hz Programmable chopper allows half of beam to be sent into RF bucket for 6.67ms pulse Accumulation Ring is used to convert to proton beam into 4 bunches Transfer beam to Compressor Ring Neutrino Factory: 1 bunch at a time (effectively 60Hz) Muon Collider: all bunches at once Compressor Ring bunch rotates beam and extracts Muon Collider: each bunch takes different path to arrive at target simultaneously August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)18 First passes at Rings Designs Several people have designed and investigated rings August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)19 ParameterAccumulatorCompressor Circumference300m Transition t Slip factor p =1/ t 2- 1/ rf voltage V rf 4.0kV120kV bunches (h) 4 4 ParameterSymbolValueUnit CircumferenceC292m FODO cellsL, N C, 11.2, 20, 90 m Dipole paramsL, B4.0, 1.25m, T Quad paramsL, B0.8, 8.0m, T/m max, max 18.0, 3.5m transitionsp, tp, t 0.038, 4.52 tunesx, yx, y 5.44, 5.30 rf voltageV rf, f rf 4kV, 4MHz ParameterARCR Circumference, m Momentum compaction Slippage factor RF frequency, MHz3.87 RF voltage, kV10240 Synchrotron tune 2.1 Peak current, A Final r.m.s. bunch length, ns Final r.m.s. energy spread 5.2 Threshold impedance, Ohm20 3 53 R.m.s. emittance, m 55 Space charge tuneshift, h/v (Gaussian distribution)0.02/ /0.16 Betatron tunes, h/v7.94/ /8.44 Will continue to develop and investigate lattices Accumulator Injection R&D Stripping 4MW at 8GeV Foils versus laser Will interface with other groups also doing high-powered multi-GeV stripping Need to develop method to handle ~1% of beam not stripped August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)20 Compressor Ring Accept single bunch, or all bunches, from Accumulator Does a quick bunch rotation Extracts beam Do not expect space charge problem due to quick process Investigate location Can be away from Project X and Accumulator Could be in same tunnel as Accumulator Possibly be incorporated into Accumulator NF issue would be multiple bunch rotations may blow-up beam August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)21 Neutrino Factory Beam Line Extracted beam from Compressor Ring is delivered to target Beam enters the target area with an angle to the solenoid axis and will have a path such that the center of the interaction region is on the solenoids axis Discussions with target station group about where last focusing element can be placed Target Infrastructure Jet Cooling Radiation Shielding August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)22 From Target and Absorbers talk by K. McDonald Muon Collider Beam Line - 1 Extracted bunches from Compressor Ring are sent into different length beam lines August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)23 Muon Collider Beam Line - 2 Each beam line enters the target area with an angle to the solenoid axis and will have a path such that the center of the interaction region is on the solenoids axis August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)24 Simplified schematic with no solenoid field Muon Collider Beam Line - 3 Once we understand the Neutrino Factory single beam line and target area interface: Will determine which 4 beam paths into target area can be used Determine spacing of beams for last beam line element which will have to do the following Be part of the final focus for all beams Be a 4-way dipole to hit the appropriate trajectories August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)25 Plans FY Design and investigate the Accumulator and Compressor Rings Contribute to IDS-NF with Project X Proton Driver information Single beam line interface with Target Area for Neutrino factory Develop multi-beam lines and final focus magnet concepts for Muon Collider Develop MAP staging options with Proton X FY Evaluate MAP staging options with Proton X Prepare performance and costing for Technical Feasibility Report August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)26 Back-up Slides August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)27 Project X Ion Source August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)28 Project X RFQ Studies August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)29 Project X CW Linac: Worst Case 3 GeV physics program stay with average beam current of 1 mA. 10% at 5 mA and 90% at 1 mA average current August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)30 Project X 650 MHz RF Power August 30, 2012 K. Gollwitzer | DOE Review of MAP (FNAL, August 29-31, 2012)31