proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration – awake – project

Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration – AWAKE – Project

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Outline

• Introduction• Plasma Wakefield Acceleration• Mandate of the AWAKE project• AWAKE Project Structure and Organization• AWAKE Project Studies

E. Gschwendtner, 4/9/2012

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Why

In recent years several Laser or Electron-driven Plasma Wakefield experiments:

– E.g. SLAC (2007) 50GV/m over 0.8m with electron-driven PWA some electrons doubled energy from 42GeV to 80GeV

Advantage of proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration:– high stored energy available in the driver.

• Existing proton bunches carry many kJ of stored energy (high power lasers carry 1-5 J)

• Reduces drastically the number of required driver stages.

Proof-of principle demonstration experiment proposed at SPS:– first beam-driven wakefield acceleration experiment in Europe, and the

first Proton-Driven PWA experiment worldwide.


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IntroductionLetter of Intent: positive review in SPSC October 2011Research Board December 2011:

submit Conceptual Design Report during following yearJune 2012: Official CERN AWAKE project (including project-budget) with mandate sent by S.

Myers to DHs.CERN project leader (E.G.) organize CERN efforts to produce parts of CDR under CERN responsibility

CDR includes detailed budget, CERN manpower and schedule plans for design, construction, installation and commissioning.

Deliverables:End 2012: preliminary report summarizing the ongoing study to the A&T sector Management Q1 2013: Conceptual Design Report to the A&T sector Management.

AWAKE collaboration: 25 institutes


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Principle of Plasma Wakefield Acceleration I

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+ + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +-

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Ez

Drive beam

Plasma electrons oscillate with:

Plasma wavelength:

e.g. for typical plasma density of np = 1015cm-3 lp =1mm

Maximal axial electric field: Ez,max = Nprotons/bunch

sz (rms bunch length)

With plasma wavelength of 1mmalso drive beam rms length of 1mm

Produce an accelerator with mm (or less) scale ‘cavities’

np

Space charge of drive beam displaces plasma electrons. Plasma ions exert restoring force.


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Principle of Plasma Wakefield Acceleration IISPS beam: rms length of ~12cm But strong self-modulation effect of proton beam due to transverse wakefield in plasma

Starts from any perturbation and grows exponentially until fully modulated. Ultra-short bunch slices are naturally produced with a spacing of plasma wavelength lp.

p-beam density profile after 4.8m propagation in plasma.

Seeding of bunch modulation with laser: Ionization of Plasma

Produce start of bunch-modulation in a controlled way

laser pulse proton bunch

gasPlasmaIntense short laser pulse co-propagates with proton bunch. plasma get ionized at fixed position. generates large perturbation and seeds modulation.


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Principle of Plasma Wakefield Acceleration III

Inject electron beam to accelerateElectron bunch injected off-axis at an angle and some metres downstream along the plasma-cell: merges with the proton bunch once the modulation is developed.

Longitudinal electric field generated in plasma as function of propagation distance. 100-1000MV/m.

Particle-in-cell simulations predict acceleration of injected electrons to beyond 1 GeV.


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Experimental Layout


Plasma-cellProton beam dump

RF gun

Laser

Laser dump

OTRStreak camera

CTREO diagnostic

e- spectrometer

e-

SPSprotons

~3m

10m 15m?20m 10m?

10m

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Beam Specifications


Parameter Nominal

Beam Energy 450 GeV

Bunch intensity 3×1011 p

Number of bunches 1

Repetition rate 0.03 Hz

Transverse norm. emittance 3.3-3.5 mm

Transverse beam size (at b*=5m)

0.2 mm

Bunch length 12 cm

Energy in bunch 21 kJ

Number of run-periods/year 4

Length of run-period 2 weeks

Total number of beam shots/year (100% efficiency)

162000

Total number of protons/year 4.86×1016 p

Proton beam specifications

Parameter Value

Beam Energy 5 or 10 or 20 MeV

Bunch intensity 108 electrons

Bunch length 0.165mm<l<1mm

Repetition rate 0.03 Hz

Transverse norm. emittance

< 25 mm mrad

Transverse beam size (at beta*=?m)

??

Angle(mrad) ~5-20 mrad

Electron beam specifications

Laser:30fs, 800nm, ~TW.

R & D facility: frequent access to plasma cell, laser, etc… needed.

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Mandate of CERN AWAKE Project• Identify the best site for installation of the facility on the SPS by carrying out a study covering:

– The design of the proton beam-line from the SPS to the entry point of the plasma cell, to meet the required parameters.

– The design of the downstream beam-line from the plasma cell to the beam dump. – The design the common beam-line for the proton, electron and laser light beam at the entry into the plasma

cell. Specification of the parameters for these incoming beams. – The design of the experimental area (envelope) considering layout optimization of all components in the area. – The study of access possibilities and assess radiation and safety aspects. – The study of the general infrastructures (Civil Engineering, Access, CV, EL, transport, handling, control).– The physics program that could be carried out on each site. – The comparison of the cost and of the schedule of the alternative sites.

• Based on the study, recommend a site for the facility and deliver the chapters, covering the beam line, the experimental area and all interfaces and services at CERN, in the conceptual design report (CDR) of the AWAKE CERN facility. The CDR should include the points mentioned in the section above plus the following information:– Specification of the baseline beam parameters to be used for the design.– Predictions of measurable quantities in the diagnostic instrumentation.– Specification of diagnostic instrumentation in the experimental area.– Design and interface with the electron beam up to the plasma cell. – Study all interfaces between the different systems (plasma cell, electron beam, proton beam, laser…) – Evaluation of time scale and costs of all items at a level needed for the CDR.– Evaluate dismantling feasibility and cost.


Beam-LinesChiara Bracco

Accelerator & Infrastructure CoordinatorEdda Gschwendtner (CERN Project leader)

Experimental AreaEdda Gschwendtner

Radiation ProtectionHelmut Vincke

AWAKE Project Structure

Experiment CoordinatorPatric Muggli

Simulation/Theory CoordinatorKonstantin Lotov

AWAKE CollaborationSpokesperson: Allen Caldwell

Deputy: Matthew Wing

Metal Vapor Plasma CellErdem Öz, MPP

Helicon Plasma Cell Olaf Grülke, IPP

Pulsed Discharge Plasma CellNelson Lopes, IST Lisbon

Electron SpectrometerSimon Jolly, UCL

Optical DiagnosticsPeter Norreys, CLF, RAL (tbc)

Electron SourceTim Noakes, ASTeC

SimulationsKonstantin Lotov

TASKS

E. Gschwendtner, 4/9/2012 11

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CERN AWAKE Project Structure

Radiation Protection: Helmut VinckeCivil Engineering: John OsborneGeneral Safety and Environment: Andre Jorge HenriquesGeneral Services: CV, EL, access, storage, handling

WP3: Primary beam-linesChiara Bracco

CERN AWAKE ProjectProject leader: Edda Gschwendtner

Deputy: Chiara Bracco

WP4: Experimental AreaEdda Gschwendtner

WP2: SPS beamElena Chapochnikova

WP1: Project ManagementEdda Gschwendtner


A& T sector management:Engineering, Beams, Technology Departments

Injectors and Experimental Facilities Committee (IEFC)

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WP1: Project Management


• Specification and engineering documents (EDMS)• Project cost and schedule• Resource planning and scheduling with groups and departments• Quality control, documentation and final acceptance• Safety file and safety officer

• Specifications for RF bunch compression studies• Specifications for bunch compression requirements • Interface to SPS beam

WP2: SPS beam

E.G.

Elena Chapochnikova

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WP3 Primary beam-lines


• Collection of geometrical, beam parameters, optical requirements and constraints

• Design of beam-line geometry and optics• Specification of main, correction and switch magnet parameters, associated

powering parameters, beam instrumentation• Design of interface of different beam-lines (merging magnets, fast shutter,

laser, etc…)• Definition of vacuum chamber aperture, pumping and sectorisation required.• Specification of magnet and pickup support and alignment structures• Specification of requirements for cabling, cooling&ventilation, interlock

system, control& alarm, doors, access.• Integration studies• Technical coordination of studies, construction, installation and

commissioning of all systems• Transport and handling needs, installation logistics, storage studies• Definition of naming convention, commissioning strategy• ECRs as required (for changes in TT60)• Planning for design, construction, assembly, test and commissioning• Dose rate and activation studies• RP monitoring system• Radioactive waste study and preferred material checks• Decommissioning impact/cost studies• Safety, including safety folders

Chiara BraccoEDMS:

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WP4 Experimental Area


• Conceptual design of secondary beam-lines• Specification of secondary beam instrumentation• Specifications of shielding, dumps (with RP) • Specification of interaction region p/e/laser/cell• Layout and Integration studies • Specification of infrastructure needs• Layout of shielding• Layout of beam dump(s)• Interface with laser• Specification of requirements for cabling, cooling & ventilation• Specification for interlock system, control& alarm, doors, access.• Storage studies• Integration studies• Transport and handling needs, installation logistics• Coordination of installation• Definition of naming convention, commissioning strategy• ECRs as required • Technical coordination of studies, construction, installation and commissioning

of all systems• Planning for design, construction, assembly, test and commissioning• Dose rate and activation studies• RP monitoring system• Radioactive waste study and preferred material checks• Decommissioning impact/cost studies• Safety, including safety folders

E.G.EDMS:

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CERN AWAKE Project Organization INDICO: https://indico.cern.ch/categoryDisplay.py?categId=4278


Weekly (Project mgt team) monthly bi-weekly (Collaboration board)

Each work-packages organizes their corresponding meeting.Depending on issues, people are invited to CERN project team meeting

Work-package meetings To be setup by WP leader, starts now!

EDMS: https://edms.cern.ch/nav/P:CERN-0000094988:V0/P:CERN-0000094988:V0

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Milestones

• 18-19 October 2012 (Collaboration Mtg @ CERN):West Area:– Proton beam-line design– Layout of experimental areaFirst studies on CNGS

• End 2012: – Submission of a preliminary report summarizing the ongoing study to the A&T sector

Management by December 2012 comparison of different sites

• Q1 2013:– Submission of the Conceptual Design Report to the A&T sector Management.

including detailed budget, CERN manpower and schedule plans for design, construction, installation and commissioning.


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Facility Site I: West Area1.) In LoI proposal to use West Area TT61/TT4/TT5 as experimental area.


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Facility Site II: CNGS


hadron absorber

2.) Alternative experimental area (underground): CNGS decision on continuation of CNGS not yet taken start with West Area studies.

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West Area


TT61

TT4

TT5

Beam from TCC6 - SPS

AWAKE

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West Area


TT5 TT4

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West Area


TT4

Beam from TT61

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West Area


TT4

Beam from TT61

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West Area


Beam from TT61

TT4

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West Area


TT5

Beam from TT61

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West Area Integration Studies

a

c

b

Plasma cellf

gRF

gun k

ie

h

a

c

b

d e

fg

h

ij

k

ii

i

~70m

TT61

TT4TT5

Beam from TCC6 - SPS

AWAKE

183Integration of AWAKE equipment in experimental area in TT4.The beam dump is at the end of TT5.

dump

Ans Pardons, Sylvain Girod EN/MEF


TT5

Beam Impact on Dump Muon Dose Estimates I

E. Gschwendtner, 4/9/2012 27

Make sure that radiation levels from muons are below RP criteria: Optimization criteria: dose rate at end of West hall must be below 100 mSv/year

and at CERN fence below 10 mSv/year

Distance between beam impact point and end of West hall: ~300 mDistance between beam impact point to CERN fence: ~600 m

CERN fence

West hall

Helmut Vincke DGS/RP

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Beam Impact on Dump Muon Dose Estimates II


Several simulations were performed to check the muon dose estimates (for 1/30Hz and 3E13 p/shot).

West hallCERN fence

dump

600m 300m

Plasma cell

Helmut Vincke DGS/RP

BUT: dose from beam-losses must be further studied!

Plasma cell

dump

Proton beam

In case the beam is bent by 2 degrees towards the soil and the beam impacts the dump 2m below the surface both dose rates outside the West hall and outside the CERN territory fulfill the optimization criteria. Muon Dose from beam dump is manageable.

As a consequence of these first studies: Build a trench in TT4/TT5!

Preliminary design!!

Plasma cell

p+ beamLase

r

Dump

QDMBAMBAMBA

MBB

QD

QF

QF

Top view

Side view

Floor

Beam bent by 2°

Studies on Proton Beam Line Design

Chiara Bracco TE/ABT


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West Area


Civil-engineering studies: John Osborne, Antoine Kosmicki, GS-SE

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Facility Site II: CNGS


hadron absorber

2.) Alternative experimental area (underground): CNGS decision on continuation of CNGS not yet taken start with West Area studies.

100m extraction together with LHC, 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso, 120m long focusing section

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CNGS Layout

TargetJunction chamber / TCC4Proton beam line TT41 Horn

TSG41

TCV4

Storage gallery TSG40

TSG4 tap can be removedTSG41 tap can be moved inside TCV4 – TSG41

TSG4 - racks

(120 m)

Proton beam line TT41

Access Gallery TSG41

Junction chamber TCC4 Target chamber TSG4


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CNGS


Proton beam-line

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CNGS


Junction chamber TCC4

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West Area vs CNGS


West Area CNGS

Proton beam line To be done Most of it exists

Prompt dose issues(muon dose, beam dump)

To be improved/built civil engineering!

OK, under control

Size of experimental area Seems OK Small, needs to be enlarged?!

Access flexibility Experimental area nearby

Long access to experimental area

… … …

… … …

… … …

To be studied!

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Collaboration time-scale

Plasma-Cell: • Dec 2013

– Demonstrate at least one technology for a plasma length 5m with 1015 cm-3 , uniformity better than 2%, define baseline choice(s)

– Demonstrate seeding in experimental tests, define baseline• Dec 2014

– Demonstrate 1% uniformity and complete operational plasma cell(s)• Aug 2015

– Beam to plasma-cell in experimental facility


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Summary

CERN AWAKE project started in June 2012 official project, with mandate and project budget

Many studies needed to deliver a CDR in Q1 2013 Expertise in many different domainsStart now


Awaken the AWAKE project!!

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• Additional slides


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IngredientsPlasma Cell

Metal vapor, a la SLAC experiment:Max Planck Institute for Physics

Laser: Plasma ionization Seeding the proton-bunch modulation

30fs, 800nm, ~TW


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Electron bunch

Proton bunch

Electron beam:~10 MeV

Electron bunch injected off-axis at an angle and some metres downstream: merges with the proton bunch once the modulation is developed.

Diagnostics: Proton beam diagnostics: study modulation process as bunch passes through plasma. Proton bunch longitudinal profile

Electron beam diagnostics: study acceleration from 10MeV/c to up to 2000MeV/c Electron spectrometer

Ingredients


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CERN AWAKE Project Structure

Radiation Protection: Helmut VinckeGeneral Safety and Environment: Andre Jorge Henriques

WP3: Primary beam-linesChiara Bracco• Warm magnets (proton and electron beam)• Power converters• Vacuum• Beam instrumentation• Radioprotection• Civil Engineering• Electrical distribution and cabling• Cooling and ventilation• Transport• Integration• Design office• Control• Planning• Beam transfer

CERN AWAKE ProjectProject leader: Edda Gschwendtner

WP4: Experimental AreaEdda Gschwendtner• Secondary beam line• Secondary beam diagnostics• Spectrometer• Interface p/e/laser plasma cell• Beam dump• Radioprotection• Civil engineering• Electrical distribution and cabling• Cooling and ventilation• Transport• Layout & Integration• Control• Planning• Design office

WP2: SPS beamElena Chapochnikova• RF Issues

WP1: Project ManagementEdda Gschwendtner


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WP3 Primary beam-lines


• Beam transfer• Warm magnets (proton and electron beam)• Power converters• Vacuum• Beam instrumentation• Radioprotection• Civil Engineering• Electrical distribution and cabling• Cooling and ventilation• Transport• Integration• Design office• Control• Storage• Planning

Composition of WG3: EDMS Structure:

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WP4 Experimental Area


• Interface p/e/laser with plasma cell• Secondary beam line• Secondary beam diagnostics• Electron spectrometer• Beam dump• Shielding• Laser• Radioprotection• Civil engineering• Electrical distribution and cabling• Cooling and ventilation• Transport and handling needs• Layout & Integration• Control• Planning• Storage• Design office

Composition of WG4: EDMS Structure:

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First Studies on Proton Beam Line DesignChiara Bracco TE/ABT

As a consequence of these first studies: Build a trench in TT4/TT5!


Beam bent by 2°

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CNGS Primary Beam Line100m extraction together with LHC, 620m long arc to bend towards Gran Sasso, 120m long focusing section

Magnet System:• 73 MBG Dipoles

– 1.7 T nominal field at 400 GeV/c• 20 Quadrupole Magnets

– Nominal gradient 40 T/m• 12 Corrector Magnets

Beam Instrumentation:• 23 Beam Position Monitors (Button Electrode BPMs)

– recuperated from LEP– Last one is strip-line coupler pick-up operated in air– mechanically coupled to target

• 8 Beam profile monitors– Optical transition radiation monitors: 75 mm carbon or 12 mm titanium screens

• 2 Beam current transformers• 18 Beam Loss monitors

– SPS type N2 filled ionization chambers


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Target

Side view


proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration – awake – project

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