PROTEINS

Proteins

Major macromolecule made from chains of amino acids (C, N, H, O).

Responsible for building the body and carrying out functions.

DNA is a template for mRNA which is a guide for constructing a chain of amino acids which make proteins.

2 Types:

Structural = Build the body (skin, hair, muscle, blood)

Enzymes = speed up, slow down, start, or stop cellular/chemical reactions (usually end in –ase)

DNA → Proteins → TraitsControls

the Production

of

Controls the

Expression of

Traits vs. Variations

Trait – a specific characteristic; eye color, or height that varies from one individual to another

Variation – the differences that an organism can inherit for a trait

TRAIT: HAIR COLORVARIATION:

Red, Brown, Blonde, Black

Variations

Of a

Trait

Differences

Within a

Protein→

Results In

Examples:

Trait = Eye color Variation

Examples:

Trait = Hair Color Variation

Amino Acids

Proteins are made up of repeating units called amino acids. All amino acids have a similar basic structure. An amino group attached to a R group (this makes each AA different) attached to a Carboxyl group.

There are about 20 different amino acids. A protein may contain anywhere from 50 to 5,000 amino acids. A different number and/or order of amino acids results in a different protein

DNA → Proteins → TraitsControls

the Production

of

Controls the

Expression of

Makes up amino acids which make

proteins

Summary

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

DNA TraitsRNA Proteins

Transcription

Replication

Translation/ Protein Synthesis

Controls the expression of

Amino Acids