protein synthesis or “how to make a protein”
DESCRIPTION
Protein Synthesis Or “How to make a Protein”. The Protein Synthesis Story Begins with DNA. 2 Main Functions of DNA Carry the Code of Life-instruction manual for every living organism 2. Blueprint for making proteins. A GENE carries the code for making each protein. Protein Examples - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Protein Synthesis Story Begins with DNA
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2 Main Functions of DNA1.Carry the Code of Life-instruction manual for every living organism2. Blueprint for making proteins
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A GENE carries the code for making each
protein
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Everything in you is made of or by
proteins!
Protein Examples* In 2014 Play DNA Replication video from PBS in home folder—lots of examples
Hemoglobin transports oxygen in blood
Collagen makes your cartilage and tendons
Keratin makes hair & fingernails
Enzymes
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Ribosomes Site of Protein Synthesis!
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How can we solve this problem?
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RNA – Ribose Nucleic Acid
RNA is like DNA except:
1. Single stranded
2. Uracil instead of thymine
A-U, C-G
3. Ribose instead of Deoxyribose
Nitrogen Bases
Sugars
&
Phosphates
RNA DNA
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Step 1:Transcriptio
n
mRNA (messenger) goes into the
nucleus and copies the DNA
mRNA then moves from the nucleus to
the cytoplasm.DNA – ATCG
mRNA - UAGChttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MfSYnItYvg *clip in home folder from pbs…good stuff
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Step 2 Translation
mRNA attaches to ribosomes.
tRNA (transfer) carries amino acids -- the building blocks of
proteins
tRNA consists of 3 Nitrogen bases (anticodon) ex. AUG
tRNA lines up with 3 bases in mRNA (codon) ex. UAC
tRNA drops off the amino acid in the
correct spot
Amino acids make proteins
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U C A G
U
Phenylaline
Phenylaline
LeucineLeucine
SerineSerineSerineSerine
TyrosineTyrosine
StopStop
CysteineCysteine
StopTryptoph
an
UCAG
C
LeucineLeucineLeucineLeucine
ProlineProlineProlineProline
HistidineHistidine
GlutamineGlutamine
ArginineArginineArginineArginine
UCAG
A
Isoleucine
Isoleucine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Asparagine
Asparagine
LysineLysine
SerineSerine
ArginineArginine
UCAG
G
ValineValineValineValine
AlanineAlanineAlanineAlanine
Aspartic acid
Aspartic acid
Glutamic acid
Glutamic acid
GlycineGlycineGlycineGlycine
UCAG
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http://www.dnalc.org/view/15501-Translation-RNA-to-protein-3D-animation-with-basic-narration.html
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Any change in the DNA structure (specifically the order of nitrogen bases) is a mutation.
Mutations can be helpful, harmful, or neutral.
Helpful – can create diversity in a population
Harmful – can cause things like cancer
Neutral – can have absolutely no effect at all
A mutagen is something that causes mutations in the DNA (for example: smoking, radiation from
the sun etc)
Slooze Worm
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An insertion mutation is when a nitrogen base is added to the existing DNA
A deletion mutation is when a nitrogen base is subtracted from the DNA
A substitution mutation is when one nitrogen base is put in place of another.
If our DNA was AATTGGCC
An insertion would be AATTAGGCC
A deletion would be AATGGCC
A substitution would be AAATGGCC
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Gene Sequencing – Determining the order of nucleotide bases within a gene
DNA Fingerprinting – technique used in criminal investigations.
DNA Fingerprinting takes the DNA out of a cell and separates it. This will allow investigators to distinguish body cells of different individuals (since they are unlikely to have the same DNA)
Cloning – take the DNA out of one of your cells then take the DNA out of a zygote (fertilized egg). Put the DNA from your cell into the zygote.
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Genetic engineering is the process of moving genes from the chromosomes of one organism to those of another organism.
Recombinant DNA is formed by joining DNA
molecules.from two different organisms
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What would represent the strand of DNA from which the mRNA strand in the diagram was made?
A.CUCAAGUGCUUCB.GAGUUCACGAAGC.GAGTTCACGAAGD.AGACCTGTAGGA
What is the amino acid sequence in the portion of the protein molecule coded for by the piece of mRNA shown in the diagram?
A. Ser-Tyr-Arg-GlyB.Leu-Lys-Cys-PheC.Val-Asp-Pro-HisD.Pro-Glu-Leu-Val