protein synthesis. dna in the cell the central dogma dna rna protein
TRANSCRIPT
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Protein Synthesis
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DNA in the Cell
• The Central DogmaDNA RNA Protein
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RNA
• Ribonucleic Acid• Like DNA it is composed of
nucleotides• Unlike DNA it is single
stranded, has a different sugar (Ribose), and contains Uracil instead of Thymine
• There are three main types of RNA involved in protein synthesis, messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA.
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Step I: Transcription
• Occurs in the nucleus.
• Transcription is the process of converting the permanent instruction of DNA into the temporary instruction in mRNA.
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Gene
• A gene is a segment of DNA that codes the instructions for one protein.
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Transcription
• DNA Helicase unzips the DNA• RNA Polymerase adds complimentary
RNA nucleotides to the DNA of the gene.• DNA mRNA
Adenine = UracilCytosine = GuanineGuanine = CytosineThymine = Adenine
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Step II: Translation
• mRNA travels to a ribosome where it is translated into proteins.
• The ribosome is composed of rRNA and associated proteins.
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Translation
• A mRNA codon (three base sequence) enters a ribosome.
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• At the ribosome, the mRNA codon bonds to the anticodon of a tRNA (Transfer RNA) that is transferring one amino acid.
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The Genetic Code
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• The mRNA continues moving through the ribosome, and as each new amino acids is brought it bonds to the previous amino acid creating a chain of amino acids (a Protein)
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The Cytomembrane System
• The completed Protein may now travel in a Vesicle to the Golgi Body (where modified), and then in a Vesicle to the membrane or somewhere within the Cell