protein sources
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Soyabean Meal
The major protein source used in pigdiets
It is unsurpassed by any other protein interms of biological value and therefore isthe standard to which all other plantprotein supplements are compared
It has an excellent balance of aminoacids and especially high in lysine,tryptophan the amino acids mostdeficient in cereal grains
Very palatable
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Cottonseed Meal
Considerably lower in lysine thansoyabeans
High in fibre Contains gossypol, a compound toxic topigs
Only cottonseed with less that 0.04%
free gossypol should be used in pig diets To protect against gossypol toxicity Fe-
sulphate should be added Fe binds with gossypol and prevents it
absorption
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Sunflower Meal
Low in lysine but twice moremethionine than soyabean
High in fibre, low in protein Not recommended for piglets
Palatable, laxative and has a lowshelf life
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Feed Additives
Feed additive in pig diets includeantibiotics,antihelmintics,
Probiotics, yeast cultures, enzymes& organic acids
Feed additive stimulate growth and
efficiency of fed utilisation andreduce mortality and morbidity
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Feed Additives
Organic acids such as fumaric acid andcitric acid benefit early weaned pigs
These are thought to lower stomach phthereby serving to increase the activityof the digestive enzyme pepsin, low phalso reduce the proliferation of
undesirable bacteria in the GIT
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Gestation
Nutrient requirements in the pregnantsow are generally low especially during
the first two thirds of gestation Much of the fetal growth occurs in the
last trimester of pregnancy
2 to 2.5 kg per day with 14%CP and 0.8and 0.65% Ca and P respectively
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Gestation
A grain soya diet fortified withminerals & vitamins is adequate for
sows Use of high levels of supplementalfat increase birth weight, fat levels
in colostrum, milk production andpiglet survival
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Farrowing
Farrowing diet should be laxative innature to prevent constipation
Wheat bran can be added at levelsof 10 to 15% or 0.75 to 1% of Mgsulphate or KCl
Antibiotic may be added to reduceincidences of MMA
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Lactation
Nutrient demands during lactationare high due to the requirement for
milk production Feeding should be aimed atminimizing looses of body weightand condition
2kg plus 0.5kg per piglet beingsuckled
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Piglets
Get most of their requirements from milk
A palatable diet containing 18 to 20% CP
(1.2% lysine) should be fed The diet should also contain milk by
products eg milk powder or dried whey
It is very important that the feedshould be kept fresh
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Starting Pigs
18 to 19 % CP diet with 1% lysinefed ad lib
Dried whey at 10 to 20% of thediet is beneficial especially in earlyweaned pigs
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Boars
Are normally fed 2 to 3kg per dayof gestation sow diet
During periods of heavy use theymay require slightly more feed toremain in good condition
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Grain and Soya Reqns
3.2 tons of maize per sow per year
Includes sow reqn, boar reqns, and
piglets until they reach 100kg Assuming 18 piglets per year reachmarket weight
Maize and soya mixed in the ratioof 3 : 2
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Feeding Systems
Ad-lib Feeding Pigs having access to feed all the time
Normally used in growing and finishingpigs
Advantages
Normally results in rapid growth Requires less labour
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Feeding Systems
Disadvantages
Production of fatter carcasses because
some5time the consume more thanrequired
Wasteful
Difficult to identify sick animals
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Restricted Feeding
A specific amount of feed is givenper day
Used mainly in breeding stock Can be used in fatteners when feedsupply is low but fatteners should
be feeding for at least 30 minuteat each feeding time
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Advantages
Less wastage
Leaner carcasses
Help to identify sick animals
Disadvantages Labour intensive Growth may be limited