protection of farmers’ rights in india-challenges for law in the...

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. List of International Legal Materials

1. African Charter on Human and People’s Rights

2. Agenda 21

3. Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property

Rights

4. Basel Convention on Transboundary Movement of Hazardous

Wastes, 1989

5. Bonn Guidelines on Access to Genetic Resources and Fair and

Equitable Sharing of the Benefits Arising out of their Utilisation.

6. Convention on Biological Diversity

7. Convention on Farmers’ and Breeders’ Rights (proposed by

India)

8. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People

9. FAO, 1987: Report of the Second Session of the Commission on

Plant Genetic Resources, 16-20 March 1987, CL 91/14

10. FAO Resolution 4/89



13. Forest Principles

14. Indigenous and Tribal People’s Convention, 1989

15. International Convention on Civil and Political Rights

16. International Convention on Economic Social and Cultural

Rights

17. International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and

Agriculture

18. Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing, 2011

Bibliography

xvii

19. Open letter from World Scientists to All governments

concerning Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

20. Outer Space Treaty

21. Report of the Second Session of the Commission on Plant

Genetic Resources, 16-20 March 1987, CL 91/14, Appendix G.

22. Resolution 6/2009 of the Report of third session of the GB of

ITPGRFA, Appendix A.6

23. Rio Declaration

24. The Thammasat Resolution

25. Union pour la Protection des Obtentions Vegetales,

(International Convention for the Protection of New Plant

Varieties)

26. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

27. United Nations Resolution on Permanent Sovereignty over

Natural Resources, 1962

28. WIPO/IP/BIS/GE/03/11.

2. List of Legislations, Rules and Regulations

Indian

1. Biological Diversity Act of India, 2000

2. Biological Diversity Rules, 2004

3. The Andhra Pradesh Biological Diversity Rules, 2009

4. The Kerala Biological Diversity Rules,2005

5. Maharashtra Biological Diversity Rules, 2008

6. The Rajasthan Biological Diversity Rules, 2010

7. Tripura Biological Diversity Rules, 2008

Bibliography

xviii

8. Mizoram Organic Farming Act, 2004

9. Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act, 2001

10. Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Regulations,

2006

11. Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Rules, 2003

12. Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights (Second

Amendment) Rules, 2009

13. National Seed Policy, 2002

14. Order under the Environment Protection Act for regulation of

Genetically Modified Organisms

15. Revised Guidelines for Research in Transgenic Plants, and

Guidelines for Toxicity and Allergenicity Evaluation of

Transgenic Seeds, Plants and Plant Parts, 1998

Others

1. Act of Plant Varieties Registration, Control and Certification of

Seeds and Seedlings of Iran, 2003

2. The ANDEAN Common Regime on Access to Genetic

Resources

3. African Model Legislation for the Rights of Local Communities,

Farmers, and Breeders And for the Regulation of Access to

Biological Resources, 2000

Bibliography

xix

4. ASEAN Framework Agreement on Access to Biological and

Genetic Resources, 2000

5. Biodiversity Act of Bhutan

6. Biodiversity and Community Knowledge Protection Act of

Bangladesh, 1998

7. Biodiversity Act of South Africa

8. The Law for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, 2000 of

Jordan

9. Plant Patent Act, 1930 (U.S.)

10. Plant Variety Protection Act, 1970, (U.S.)

11. The Plant Variety Protection and Seed Act, 1998 of Japan

12. Plant Variety Protection Law of Republic of Indonesia, 2000

13. Rules for the Regulation on the Protection of New Varieties of

Plants of China,1999

3. List of Cases

1. D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997) 1 SCC 416.

2. Dennis v. Pitner, 106 F. 2d 142

3. Ex parte Hibberd, 227 USPQ 443 Bd. Pat. App. 1985

4. Funk Bros Seed Co. v. Kalo Inoculant Co, 333 US 127

5. Jolly George Varghese v. Bank of Cochin AIR 1980 SC 470

6. Madhu Kishwar v. State of Bihar AIR 1996 SC 1864

Bibliography

xx

7. Sidney A. Diamond v. Ananada M. chakrabarty 447 U.S. 303

8. Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan AIR 1997 SC 3011

4. List of Books

1. Amarjit S. Basra, Heterosis and hybrid seed propagation in

agronomic crops, available at www.books.google.co. in.

2. Country Report on State of Plant Genetic Resources for Food

and Agriculture , 2006 (India)

3. Gaurav Datt and Ashwini Mahajan, Datt & Sundharam Indian

Economy, S.Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi, (revised

62nd Edn._2011).

4. Gerald Moore, and Witold Tymowsky, Explanatory Guide to the

International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and

Agriculture, available at http://www.icimod.org/?q=2257

5. Graham Dutfield, Intellectual Property, Biogenetic Resources

and Traditional Knowledge, Eastern Publishers, London, 2004.

6. Ghosal U.N., A History of Indian public life (vol.ii), Oxford

University Press, Bombay, 1968.

7. Gopalakrishnan N.S., Intellectual Property and Criminal Law,

National Law School of India University, Bangalore, 1994.

8. G.W.H. Hegel, Philosophy of Right, available at

http://socserv.mcmaster.ca/econ/ugcm/3ll3/hegel/right.pdf.

9. John Christman, The Myth of Property Toward an Egalitarian

Theory of Ownership, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1994.

10. John Locke, Two Treatises on Government, Book II. Available at

http://www.lonang.com/exlibris/locke/loc-205.htm

Bibliography

xxi

11. Marx, Engels, Selected Works, Progress Publishers, Moscow,

1968

12. Masanobu Fukuoka, The One Straw Revolution, Other India

Press, Mapusa, Goa, 1978.

13. Masanobu Fukuoka, The Road Back to Nature, Regaining the

Paradise Lost, Bookventure, Madras, 1996.

14. Namboothirippadu E.M.S., Kerala Charithram Marxist

Veekshanathil, Chintha Publishers, Thiruvananthapuram, 1990.

15. The Report on the State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources.

Available at http://apps3.fao.org/wiews/docs/SWRFULL2.PDF

16. Patricia Lucia Cantuaria Marin, Providing Protection for Plant

Genetic Resources, Kluwer Law International, New York, 2002.

17. Peter Drahos, A Philosophy of Intellectual Property, Ashgate,

England, 1996.

18. Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority,

Annual Report, 2009-2010

19. Ram Gopal, British Rule in India- An Assessment, Asia

Publishing House, Bombay,1963.

20. Ricardo Melendez-ortiz, Pedro Roffe, Intellectual Property and

Sustainable Development, Development Agendas in a changing

World. Available at www.google.books.co.in

21. R.P. Kangle (et. al.), The Kautilya Arthasasthra, part ii, Bombay

University Press, Bombay, (2nd Edn.-1972).

22. Salmond, Jurisprudence, Sweet & Maxwell, London, (12th Edn.-

1966).

Bibliography

xxii

23. Satish Chandra, Medieval India, NCERT, New Delhi (1st Edn.-

1990)

24. Silke von Lewinski, Indigenous Heritage and Intellectual

Property: Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and

Folklore,Kluwer Law International, Netherlands, 2008.

25. Tapan Ray Chaudhuri (Edr.), Economic History of India, Vol. I,

Cambridge University Press, U.K. (1st Edn.-1982).

26. Vandana Shiva, The Violence of Green Revolution, Agriculture,

Ecology and Pollution in the South, Other India Press, Mapusa,

Goa, 2001.

5. List of Articles

1. “An overview of the principle of free, prior and informed

consent and Indigenous People in International and Domestic

Law Practices” Workshop on Free, Prior and Informed Consent

by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United

Nations, PFII/2004/WS.2/8

2. Butler, L.J. “Conflicts in Intellectual Property Rights of Genetic

Resources: Implications for Agricultural Biotechnology”, in R.E.

Evenson, V. Santaniello and D.Zilberman (Edrs.), Economic and

Social Issues in Agricultural Biotechnology, CABI Publishing,

UK, 2002.

3. Daniel Alker and Franz Heidhues, “Farmers’ Rights and

Intellectual Property Rights- Reconciling Conflicting Concepts”

in R.E. Evenson, V. Santaniello and D.Zilberman (Edrs.),

Economic and Social Issues in Agricultural Biotechnology,

CABI Publishing, UK, 2002

Bibliography

xxiii

4. Gopalakrishnan N.S., “An “Effective” Sui Generis Law to

Protect Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights in India” A

Critique,” 4 J.W.I.P.

5. Gopalakrishnan N.S., “Protection of Traditional Knowledge, The

need for a sui generis law in India”5 J.W.I.P.725

6. Guy Kastler, “ITPGR: Farmers’ rights or a fools bargain?”

Available at http://www.grain.org/es/article/entries/786-itpgr-

farmers-rights-or-a-fools-bargain . visited

7. “International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of

Plants, What it is and what it does”, UPOV Publication No.437

(E), October 22, 2009, Available at available at

http://www.upov.int/en/about/pdf/pub437.pdf

8. “Plant Breeders’ Rights, DUS criteria”, Available at

http://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/pbr/dus.shtml .

9. Preston Hardison, “Prior Informed Consent, Prior Informed

Approval”, No. 15, The Monthly Bulletin on Canadian

Indigenous Caucus on the Convention on Biological Diversity,

October 2000.

10. Scalise, David and Nugent, Daniel, “International Intellectual

Property Protections for Living Matter: Biotechnology,

Multinational Conventions and Exception for Agriculture” 27

Case W. Res.J. Int’l L. 83, 1995.

11. Schroeder D., “Benefit sharing: it’s time for a definition”,

available at http://jme.bmj.com/content/33/4/205.full.pdf

Bibliography

xxiv

12. Seema,P.S., “Incorporation of International Human Rights

Documents into Indian Law- Response of the Supreme Court”,

[2006] C.U.L.R. 1

13. Shaila Seshia, “Plant Variety Protection and Farmers Rights in

India: Law making and cultivation of varietal control”. Available

at

http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/un

pan021315.pdf.

14. “The concept of Indigenous Peoples”, Background paper

prepared by the Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on

Indigenous Issues, PFII/2004/WS.1/3.).

15. Verma S.K. “TRIPS and Plant Variety Protection in Developing

Countries”, 6 EIPR 281. 1995

16. “Who are Indigenous People?”, Fact sheet of the United Nations

Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. Available at

http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/5session_factsh

eet1.pdf

17. Zum Beispiel, “Megasthenes: Indika-fragments”, at

http://www.payer.de/quellenkunde/quellen1102.htm.

6. List of websites used

1. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/earth-

environment/article6985295.ece. (favouring the use of GM

products)

2. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/ireland/article6926

771.ece. (arguments. favouring GM crops)

Bibliography

xxv

3. http://www.i-sis.org.uk/list.php. (Open letter from world

scientists concerning GM products)

4. http://www.google.co.in/patents?hl=en&lr=&vid=USPAT45818

47&id=oLc9AAAAEBAJ&oi=fnd&dq=Endogenous+free+Trypt

ophan&printsec=abstract#v=onepage&q=Endogenous%20free%

20Tryptophan&f=false. (patent application of the claim in Ex

parte Hibberd)

5. http://www.farmersrights.org/about/fr_history_part1.html.

(development of FR)

6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_heritage_of_mankind.

(definition of ‘common heritage of mankind’)

7. http://www.crystalinks.com/induscivilization.html. (farmers’

position during Indus Valley civilization)

8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_breeding#Reverse_Breeding_

and_Doubled_Haploids_.28DH.29. (types of plant breeding)

9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detasseling. (Cytoplasmic Male

Sterility-how makes detasseling of Maize easier and cheaper)

10. www.everythingbio.com.. (definition of germplasm)

11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germplasm. (definition of

germplasm)

12. http://www.ciel.org/Publications/PIC_PerraultOliva_Apr05.pdf.

(guidelines on PIC in the CBD document on the relationship

between TRIPS and CBD)

Bibliography

xxvi

13. www.ffla.net/.../63-indigenous-peoples-free-prior-and-informed-

consent-in. (principles of PIC based on study conducted in

Panama and Philippines)

14. http://www.planttreaty.org/content/what-multilateral-system.

(how MLS helps developed countries to have easy access to the

PGR and TK of the developing countries)

15. http://www.planttreaty.org/content/projects-2009-2011.( projects

of benefit sharing under the MLS)

16. http://www.planttreaty.org/content/conservation-dissemination-

and-popularization-location-specific-farmer-developed-varieties-

e. (Benefit sharing Project under MLS in Peerumedu in Kerala-

details)

17. ftp://ftp.fao.org/ag/agp/planttreaty/funding/call2010/BSF2010_P

rojects_approved_web.pdf. (Call for benefit sharing under the

MLS)

18. ftp://ftp.fao.org/ag/agp/planttreaty/funding/call2010/BSF2010_P

rojects_approved_web.pdf. (Approved benefit sharing Projects

for India during 2011-details)

19. http://www.plantauthority.gov.in/pdf/Indgazette.pdf. (application

form for registration of varieties including farmers’ variety under

PPVFRA)

20. http://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/pbr/dus.shtml. (DUS criteria for

farmers’ varieties)