protected agriculture in the caricom region€¦ · protected agriculture: status caricom...
TRANSCRIPT
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Protected Agriculture in the
CARICOM Region: The Current and Future Role of CARDI
Janet Lawrence, Dionne Clarke-Harris and Ronnie Pilgrim
Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute
“Improving lives through agricultural research”
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Outline• Why Protected Agriculture (PA)
• Status of PA in the CARICOM Region
• Critical components for ensuring the
sustainability of the PA industrysustainability of the PA industry
• CARDI’s interventions into the Regional PA
industry
• Considerations for advancing the industry
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Background
• Thrust within the Region to achieve food and
nutrition security
• Production system
–Small farmers with <1 ha–Small farmers with <1 ha
–Low input production technologies
• Regional vegetable imports
- US$36M (2002-2007, FAO Stat 2009).
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Protected Agriculture
“modification of the natural environment to achieve controlled or improved plant growth”
(Jensen and Malter 1995)
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Economic
Protected
Agriculture
(PA)
Economic
• High yields (quality
& quantity)
• Increased profit
margin
EnvironmentalSocial
Social
Benefits
Environ-mental
• Reduction in
land clearing
to expand
operations
Social
• Rural
development
• Attractive to
youths
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Protected Agriculture: Status CARICOM
StructuresCountry
# Protected
Structures Origin Predominant Designs
Dominica 220
(<70% in
production)
American,
French ,
Spanish,
Israeli
Tunnel, plastic roof with
saran netting
Israeli
Jamaica 240Israeli,
Spanish
Tunnel, completely covered
plastic roof, mesh sides
with double ridge vent
St. Lucia 246
(~65% in
production)
French Tunnel, plastic covering
with open side
Trinidad &
Tobago 65
Spanish,
Israeli,
French
Tunnel-half arc, completely
covered plastic roof, mesh
sides with single ridge vent
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Protected Agriculture: Status within CARICOM
Structures
Country # Protected
Structures Origin Predominant Designs
Barbados NI
European,
American,
Israeli
Tunnel-half arc, completely
covered plastic roof, mesh
sides with single ridge vent Israeli sides with single ridge vent
Grenada 18 (~30% in
production)NI
Tunnel, plastic roof with
saran netting and middle
vents.
St Vincent
& the
Grenadines
130 (~50% in
production)
European,
American,
Local
Tunnel, plastic covering
with open side
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Protected Agriculture : Status within the Region
Investments
Country
Investment
Cost ($US)
Dimensions
(m)
Size
(m2)
Cost per m2
(US$)
Dominica 4,450 18.1 X 9.0 163 27.30
Jamaica 9,461 31 X 9.0 279 33.91
St. Lucia 5,870 18.3 X 9.3 170 29.11
St Vincent
& the
Grenadines 6,000 18.3 X 9.3 170 35.29
Trinidad &
Tobago 19,048 40 X 12 480 39.68
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Pro
tect
ed
Str
uct
ure
sP
rote
cte
d S
tru
ctu
res
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Gro
win
g S
yst
em
sG
row
ing
Sy
ste
ms
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Cro
ps
Cro
ps
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Protected Agriculture : Status within the Region
Cost of Production and ReturnsFully Enclosed System – Jamaica
(Christiana Potato Growers Cooperative Association Ltd)
Crop Yield/year
(kg)
Total Cost of
Production
(US$)
Total Sales
(US$)
Profit
Margin(%)
(US$)
Tomato 11,118 10,433 20,383.00 49
Sweet Pepper 5,718 9,711 16,073.93 40
Cucumber 13,500 9,401 19,800.00 53
AVG 10,112 9,848 20,598.52 48
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Protected Agriculture : Status within the Region
Cost of Production and ReturnsSemi-Enclosed System (St Lucia)
Crop Yield/plant
(kg)
Total Cost of
Production
(US$/kg)
Total Sales
(US$/kg)
Profit
Margin(%)
(US$/kg)
Tomato 9.8 0.52 1.24 >100
Sweet Pepper 2.2 1.36 2.96 >100
Cucumber 2.7 1.20 1.50 25
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Major Constraints - Production
Sub-optimal and/or inconsistent yields
• Unsuitable growing conditions (high temperatures and RH)
• High levels of pests
Use of inappropriate structures
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Major Constraints - Production
• Limited knowledge and skill of producers
• Inadequate technical support
• Inadequate and inappropriate management practices
• Heavy reliance on imported inputs – variable availability and prices.
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Major Constraints - Marketing
• Inconsistent supply
• Poor record keeping – cost
of production
• Limited knowledge of the
market (demand, supply)
• Poor market differentiation
• Few PA producer groups
• Weak linkages among
stakeholders along the value
chain
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Infrastructure Development
Mechanisms – group formation and Vertical Integration
SUSTAINABLE &
COMPETIVIE
Technology Generation/Adaptation
Marketing systemsCOMPETIVIE
PA INDUSTRY
Support Systems
(technical, credit, inputs)
Information Access
Adaptation
Capacity
Building
systems
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Current and Future Role
GOAL
Facilitate the development of a sustainableprotected agriculture industry through thedevelopment/demonstration of production,handling and marketing technology practiceshandling and marketing technology practicesand strengthening key industry supportsystems.
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• To assist with the development of market
information systems and strengthen trading
linkages.
• To develop technologies and practices to
Current and Future Role
OBJECTIVES
• To develop technologies and practices to
optimize the production of selected crops under
various protected agriculture systems.
• To facilitate the development of an enabling
environment in which potential investment
opportunities can be realized.
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Commodity Development Chain
Post HarvestPost Harvest
Value AddedValue Added
Market OutletMarket Outlet
ConsumersConsumers
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Interventions – Value Chain
Market
• Enhance marketing and trading systems so as to create substantive and transparent business linkages
Inputs
• Evaluate new varieties – heat and pest tolerant
• Develop media (emphasis on local materials)
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Interventions – Value Chain
Production
• Determine production and productivity indices
• Develop low cost structures
• Identify suitable ventilation systems
• Validate fertility management strategies
• Develop/validate appropriate IPM strategies
Harvest &
Post Harvest
• Develop low input post harvest methods
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Production Parameter
Open Field
Agriculture
(US$)
Low Tech
Protected
Agriculture (US$)
Production IndicesCucumber Production (CARDI St Lucia)
Yield per plant (kg) 1.5 2.7
Cost of production (per kg) 1.32 1.18
Net returns (US$/ha) 4,477 17,648
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Technologies
• Media development from local by-products
Coconut and compost based media gave comparative germination and seedling growth to commercial product
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Technologies
• Low-cost structures suited for growing traditional
crops of the Caribbean
Amaranthus sp (callaloo) cultivated under protected structure.
Investment: US$2,000 - 270m2 ($7.40 per sqm). net profit as
a percentage of revenue represents ~36.7%.
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Technologies
• Determination of suitable ventilation systems for low
altitudes
Protected structure designed to reduce internal temperatures
and minimize pest infestations
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Technologies
• Determination of suitable ventilation systems for low
altitudes
Guttering system to facilitate rainwater
Fertigation system is solar-powered by photovoltaic cells
facilitate rainwater harvesting
Center vent, cooling fan, sidewalls with combination of antiviral mesh and shade cloth
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Enabling Environment
Interventions to Support Value Chain
Tech Transfer
• Train producers and other key industry stakeholders
Tech • Develop capacity of technical personnel to support the
industryTech Support
industry
Prod Gp/Cluster
• Strengthen producer groups and clusters to ensure vertical integration along the value chain.
ICT• Develop a data base to improve information access
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Partners• Ministries of Agriculture
• Agribusiness Associations
• Private sector /NGO
• Universities• Universities
• Regional & International Agencies
• Farmers’ Groups /Associations
• Research and Development Agencies
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FUNDING
• Governments of the Region
• Common Fund for Commodities (CFC)
• European Union
• Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
• Inter-American Institute for the Cooperation
on Agriculture (IICA)
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Potential Impact of Interventions
• Improve the production and
productivity of vegetables
• Enhance the availability and
accessibility of vegetables
• Improve livelihoods along the
value chain.
• Strengthen cross-sectoral value-
chain complementarities
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Considerations for Advancing
the PA Industry
• Focussed and coordinated approach
to current initiatives (nationally and
regionally).regionally).
• Need to improve north-south linkages
with countries where PA industry is
advanced.
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Infrastructure Development
Mechanisms – group formation and Vertical Integration
SUSTAINABLE &
COMPETITIVE
Technology Generation/Adaptation
Marketing systemsCOMPETITIVE
PA INDUSTRY
Support Systems
(technical, credit, inputs)
Information Access
Adaptation
Capacity
Building
systems
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Conclusions
• There is rapid adoption of PA
technology in the CARICOM Region.
• Returns on investments are being • Returns on investments are being
obtained but, there is the need to
improve productivity, reduce
operating costs and capitalize on
market opportunities.
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Conclusions
• CARDI’s interventions seek to assist
in the development a competitive
and sustainable PA industry through
the provision of technologies and the provision of technologies and
the strengthening of support systems
and services that facilitate an
enabling environment.
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Protected Agriculture in the
CARICOM Region: The Current and Future Role of CARDI
Sources of Information:
• Ministries of Agriculture• Ministries of Agriculture
• Trinidad Agri-Business Association, TABA,
• Greenhouse Growers Associations
(Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago)
• CARDI Offices
• Reports: Mirza 2008, Murray 2009
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Protected Agriculture in the
CARICOM Region: The Current and Future Role of CARDI
Janet Lawrence, Dionne Clarke-Harris and Ronnie Pilgrim
Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute
“Improving lives through agricultural research”