© PROSOFC PROJECT

PROSOFC Deliverable 9.1 Report on 1st invited workshop on SOFC

mechanics

www.prosofc-project.eu

Confidentiality PU Deliverable Type R

Project PROSOFC Project Number 325278

Contact Person Organization DTU

Phone E-mail

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme

(FP7/2007-2013) for the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Technology Initiative under grant agreement n° 325278

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Table of Contents

1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 2

2 Form of the Workshop ........................................................................................................................... 2

1 Scientific Content ................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Part I: Mechanical challenges for the SOFC technology – where should we use fracture

mechanics and statistical approaches, respectively ................................................................................. 3

1.2 Part II: How to capture important phenomena in SOFC modeling with current computational

power available ......................................................................................................................................... 3

2 Participants ............................................................................................................................................. 4

3 Contributions .......................................................................................................................................... 5

4 Photos from the Workshop .................................................................................................................... 9

5 Outcome ............................................................................................................................................... 10

List of Figures

FIGURE 1 SLIDES FROM THE INTRODUCTION OF PART 1 OF THE WORKSHOP. ................................................................................... 3 FIGURE 2 PHOTOS FROM THE WORKSHOP ................................................................................................................................ 9

List of Tables

TABLE 1 AGENDA OF THE WORKSHOP ..................................................................................................................................... 2 TABLE 2 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS AT THE WORKSHOP .................................................................................................................... 4

Authors

Name, Partner E-mail

Henrik Lund Frandsen, Technical University of Denmark

hlfr@dtu.dk

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1 Introduction This report covers the outcome of the 1st workshop on mechanics in the solid oxide fuel cell technology.

The workshop was held in Lucerne in connection with the European Fuel Cell Forum 2014, i.e. the 1st of

July 2014 at Hotel Radison Blu, Lucerne.

The workshop had multiple objects:

A. Disseminate the current work of the PROSOFC project

B. Obtain feedback from external experts

C. Obtain new contacts and possible collaborations

All three objects were successfully achieved.

2 Form of the Workshop To achieve all objects the workshop it was clear that monologues should be avoided and a forum for

open debate must be created. Therefore, we refrained from having the typical presentation by a

projector showing Power Point slides, which would only serve to object A. It was believed that good

knowledge sharing could be achieved by having a stationary display of results and knowledge, i.e. in the

form of posters or prints of slides.

To achieve object number B. a special focus was put on major scientifically challenging topics of the

PROSOFC project:

I. Mechanical challenges for the SOFC technology – where should we use fracture mechanics

and statistical approaches, respectively

II. How to capture important phenomena in SOFC modeling with current computational

power available

The agenda for the workshop can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1 Agenda of the workshop

13.00 Arrival and poster mounting 13.20 Welcome and introduction to the workshop Part I: Mechanical challenges for the SOFC technology – where should we use fracture mechanics and statistical approaches, respectively 13.30 Discussion around posters, Part I 14.30 Common wrap up Part II: How to capture important phenomena in SOFC modeling with current computational power available 15.00 Discussion around posters, Part II 16.00 Common wrap up

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The workshop was thus split in two parts, and each part was to be opened with a common introduction

by a presentation. Some slides from the introduction to Part I can be seen in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Slides from the introduction of Part 1 of the workshop.

1 Scientific Content

Here only an outline of the scientific content of the workshop is provided, as it is not the purpose of the

report to cover this in detail.

1.1 Part I: Mechanical challenges for the SOFC technology – where should we

use fracture mechanics and statistical approaches, respectively Two concepts are currently being used in the mechanical analysis of ceramics, i.e. fracture mechanics

and statistical approaches, respectively. Where the first approach offers a well-founded scientific area

on the experimental side it also calls for highly computationally heavy models on the other side. The

second approach has known deficiencies but offers a computational effort in the range of most of the

SOFC manufacturers today. Thus we tried to inspire a debate about where which approach would be

suitable in order to achieve sufficient accuracy together with the approach being operationally.

1.2 Part II: How to capture important phenomena in SOFC modeling

with current computational power available To ensure reliability of the SOFC technology a stack model describing the internals of the SOFC must be

operated. Such a model should both describe the internals accurately and be an efficient design tool, i.e.

compute much faster than real time. Current state of the art stack models fulfill the first object to a

good degree, but they are extremely computationally expensive. Thus more advanced methods are now

being employed in the stack modeling, i.e. multi-scale modeling. In the second part of the workshop it

was an aim to debate the advantages and disadvantages of the computationally expensive models and

the multi-scale models.

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2 Participants

To maximize the number of possible participants, the workshop was held in connection with the

European Fuel Cell Forum 2014 (EFCF), Lucerne. The community working with mechanics of solid oxide

fuel cells is however fairly small, and a moderate number of participants were expected.

A total of 36 participants from the community were invited. At the point of invitation, it was unknown to

us, which participants were participating in the EFCF. Out of these possible participants 26 participated,

and a high number of these also participated in the conference. In Table 2 the participants of the

workshop is listed.

Table 2 List of Participants at the workshop

Name Company / Instiution

1 Alan Atkinson Imperial College, Great Britain 2 Andre Weber Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany 3 Arata Nakajo EPFL, Switzerland

4 Benoit Charlas Technical University of Denmark, Denmark

5 Briggs White US DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory, USA

6 Christian Bucher Dynardo GmbH, Austria 7 Christopher Riemel Dynardo Gmbh, Austria 8 Edgar Lara-Curzio Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA

9 Fabio Greco EPFL, Switzerland 10 Henrik Lund Frandsen Technical University of Denmark, Denmark 11 Jianping Wei Forschungszentrum Jülich, IEK 2, Germany 12 Jürgen Malzbender Forschungszentrum Jülich, IEK 2, Germany 13 Karsten Hansen Topsøe Fuel Cell A/S, Denmark 14 Kawai Kwok Technical University of Denmark, Denmark 15 Luc Vandeperre Imperial College, Great Britain 16 Ludger Blum Forschungszentrum Jülich, IEK 3, Germany

17 Martin Hauth AVL, Austria 18 Matej Smolnikar AVL, Austria 19 Murat Peksen Forschungszentrum Jülich, IEK 3, Germany 20 Rainar Kungas Topsøe Fuel Cell A/S, Denmark 21 Raphaëlle Satet Robert Bosch GmbH, Germany 22 Sebastian Wolf Dynardo Gmbh, Austria 23 Sune Danø Topsøe Fuel Cell A/S, Denmark 24 Thomas Karl Petersen Topsøe Fuel Cell A/S, Denmark 25 Xin Wang Imperial College, Great Britain 26 Yuriy Elesin Topsøe Fuel Cell A/S, Denmark

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3 Contributions

Here only a selection of the contributions will be shown.

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B. Charlas (bencha@dtu.dk), C. Chatzichristodoulou, K. Brodersen, K. Kwok, P. Norby, M. Chen, H.L. Frandsen

Residual stresses in a co-sintered SOC half-cell during post-sintering cooling

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4 Photos from the Workshop

Figure 2 Photos from the workshop

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5 Outcome

The current work of the PROSOFC project was successfully disseminated and external experts were both

inspired by our work as well very good feedback was received.

In particular Edgar Lara-Curzio from Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA gave valuable feedback to some

of the mechanical testing methods applied in the project in terms of suggestions for improvements.

On the SOFC stack modeling side Murat Peksen from Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany showed a lot

of interest in our current multi-scale methods providing a much faster method for simulating an

operating stack. Arata Nakajo, EPFL, Switzerland also showed some initial work on loss of contact

between interconnects and cells, which is one of the focus area of the PROSOFC project.

On the general setup of the project Briggs White, US DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory, USA

(responsible for the SECA program, USA) was impressed by the collaboration between industry and

academia. He mentioned that this would be inspiration for one of their coming calls in the SECA project.