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8/11/2019 ProQuestDocuments-2013-10-15 (4)

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Report Information from ProQuest15 October 2013 23:09

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Table of contents

PLEASE RIGH !LI!" HERE A#$ SELE! %&'(ate )*e+(% O &P$AE A,LE O) !O#E#S-



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THE RELATION BETWEEN ORGANIZATION TR!"T!RE AN# PARTI"IPATI$E%ANAGE%ENT A%ONG THE E%PLO&EE O' PH&I"AL E#!"ATIONORGANIZATION

Aut(or) Saba/are A #aa4 *re Rastgar* 6

Publication info) I/ter/at*o/a+ 7our/a+ of Arts 8 Sc*e/ces 5-2 2012: 9;1ee/ orga/*@at*o/a+ structure a/(

'art*c*'at*e .a/age.e/t a.o/g te e.'+o=ees of s'ort orga/*@at*o/ */ Is+a.*c Re'ub+*c of Ira/-

e stu(= co..u/*t= co/s*sts of e.'+o=ees of '=s*ca+ e(ucat*o/ orga/*@at*o/ a/( e/ce 11B

e.'+o=ees 'art*c*'ate( */ t*s researc- o co++ect researc (ata Rob*/Cs orga/*@at*o/a+ structure

sta/(ar(*@e( Duest*o//a*re a/( 'art*c*'at*e .a/age.e/t Duest*o//a*re (er*e( fro. #a@ar*

"e.*sa/* >ere use( >*c >ere re*e>e( b= e?'erts- After co++ect*/g (ata Pearso/ corre+at*o/

test >as use(- ,ase( o/ te resu+ts of t*s researc *t ca/ be sa*( tat orga/*@at*o/a+ structure *s

o/e of te eect*e factors o/ 'art*c*'at*e .a/age.e/t terefore b= co/s*(er*/g te

*.'orta/ce of 'art*c*'at*e .a/age.e/t */ '=s*ca+ e(ucat*o/ orga/*@at*o/ >e .ust 'ro*(e a/

a''ro'r*ate structure a/( e/*ro/.e/t to br*/g u' /e> *(eas */ or(er to e+' te (ee+o'.e/t of

/at*o/a+ s'orts +ee+ */ ar*ous (*.e/s*o/s-

"e=>or(s: Part*c*'at*e 6a/age.e/t Orga/*@at*o/a+ Structure E.'+o=ees-

ProQuest: --- (e/otes for.u+a o.*tte(-

I/tro(uct*o/

I/ te co/te?t of orga/*@at*o/a+ .a/age.e/t tere are ar*ous st=+es fro. >*c (*ere/t

orga/*@at*o/s tae be/e4t- E.'+o=*/g a/= .a/age.e/t st=+e reDu*res *ts s'ec*a+ .eto(s

*/stru.e/ts a/( structure- Success or fa*+ure of te .a/age.e/t st=+es (e'e/(s o/ te /ature of

orga/*@at*o/s act**t= a/( oter co/(*t*o/s */c+u(*/g +ee+ of e.ot*o/a+ .atur*t= e.'+o=eeCs ob

eFc*e/c= a/( 'o+*t*ca+ soc*a+ a/( cu+tura+ co/te?t a/( co/(*t*o/ of te soc*et=-

Part/ers*' as a 'o>erfu+ ta++= of a(.*/*strat*o/ /o> ste's */- It *s /ot a /e> *(ea of course-

rougout *stor= u.a/ as a+>a=s bee/ */c+*/e( to */creas*/g 'art/ers*'- Part/ers*' *s /ot

a /e> *ssue o>eer *t sou+( be co/s*(ere( >*t a /e> */s*gt- *s e?'ress*o/ >*c *s

s=/o/=.ous >*t our grou' co++aborat*o/ (oes /ot .ea/ */o+*/g a/=o/e */ eFc*e/t r*/gs or

>or >*+e *t *s a .eto( of .a/ag*/g aa*rs 'ro'ort*o/a+ to te 'rese/t act*e a/( 'o>erfu+

forces or e/*ro/.e/t *s a+so esse/t*a+ a/( */e*tab+e- It *s

*/e*tab+e because te ca'ac*t= for 'art/ers*' as bee/ */crease( a/( *t *s esse/t*a+ s*/ce te

'rob+e.s >e are fac*/g */ >or e/*ro/.e/t are so co.'+*cate( a/( */terre+ate( tat *t cou+( /ot

be so+e( b= fe> autor*t= .e.bers- #o>a(a=s */ or(er to *.'+e.e/t .a/age.e/t 'art/ers*'

*/ orga/*@at*o/s te orga/*@at*o/a+ structure sou+( be (es*g/e( */ a >a= so tat *t .eets te

e?'ectat*o/s of .a/age.e/t 'art/ers*'-

E.'+o=ees of a/= orga/*@at*o/ are regar(e( as *ts */a+uab+e ca'*ta+s because te= ae ar*ousa/( (*ere/t *(eas tougts a/( creat**t*es B-

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6a/age.e/t 'art/ers*' *s /ot a reco..e/(at*o/ */ to(a=Cs >or+( a/= .ore o>eer *t *s a

reDu*re.e/t to ac*ee te orga/*@at*o/a+ (ee+o'.e/t *.'roe.e/t a/( 'ro(uct**t= as "e/

,+a/car( sa=s: % *t (oes/Ct .atter o> great *s .= tougt *t ca//ot be greater ta/ te tota+

tougts of a++ te .e.bers of a tea.

6a/age.e/t 'art/ers*' .ea/s te */o+e.e/t of e.'+o=ees */ (*ere/t orga/*@at*o/a+

categor*es */ te 'rocess of e?'+a*/*/g te 'rob+e. a/a+=@*/g s*tuat*o/ a/( ac*e*/g so+ut*o/sso tat e.'+o=ees 'ossess *g 'o>er a/( (ec*s*o/ .a*/g ab*+*t= to ac*ee te so+ut*o/ a/(

co/su+t >*t te*r su'er*sors a/( (*rectors 15-

S'ort a/( s'ort orga/*@at*o/s ust +*e oter orga/*@at*o/s reDu*re e/co.'ass*/g a successfu+

a/( eect*e .a/age.e/t .eto( to ac*ee te*r goa+s- at so>s te s*g/*4ca/ce a/( a+ue

of te 'rese/t researc *s te fact tat (ue to te co.'+e?*t= of te *ssues re+ate( to s'ort a/(

'=s*ca+ e(ucat*o/ *t *s esse/t*a+ tat te /o>+e(geab+e a/( e?'ert 'erso/s 'ossess*/g (*ere/t

att*tu(es co++aborate a/( sare te*r tougts */ (*ere/t areas- 6oreoer b= e.'+o=*/g 'ro'er

.a/age.e/t st=+e */ /at*o/a+ s'ort orga/*@at*o/ te */crease of se/se of be+o/g*/g

res'o/s*b*+*t= a/( co..*t.e/t of orga/*@at*o/ .e.bers */c+u(*/g .a/agers e.'+o=ees*/structors a/( '=s*ca+ e(ucat*o/ teacers *s for.e( so *t *s e?'ecte( tat a++ tese >*++ co.e

true b= a''+*cat*o/ of .a/age.e/t 'art/ers*'-

Orga/*@at*o/a+ structure (eter.*/es te Dua+*t= of co..u/*cat*o/s (ec*s*o/ .a*/g re'ort*/g

a/( *erarc= of autor*t*es a/( *(e/t*f=*/g tat reects te ge/era+ oer*e> of orga/*@at*o/-

*t regar( to te acco.'+*s.e/t of aa*rs */ cou/se+*/g a/( su''ort*/g a */( of 'eo'+eCs

'art*c*'at*o/ */ (ec*s*o/ .a*/g te researcer >*++ (*scuss te re+at*o/ bet>ee/ .a/age.e/t

'art/ers*' a/( orga/*@at*o/a+ structure-

!o/s*(er*/g te fact tat tere are so.e cases >*c are s'ec*4e( b= te structure te 'rese/ce

of a structure a''ro'r*ate >*t te goa+s a/( reDu*re.e/ts of te orga/*@at*o/ *s esse/t*a+

because 4/a++= a++ (ec*s*o/s */ te area of '+a//*/g orga/*@*/g coor(*/at*/g a/( co/tro++*/g *s

*.'+e.e/te( trougout te structure a/( so *t .ust bear suFc*e/t 'o>er for te 'erfect

fu+4++.e/t of tese (ec*s*o/s-

*s *s te reaso/ >= te (es*g/ of a/ o't*.a+ a/( a''ro'r*ate structure *s /ecessar=- e

researcer tr*es to stu(= te re+at*o/ bet>ee/ te bas*c e+e.e/ts of a/ orga/*@at*o/a+ structure

co.'+e?*t= for.a+*t= a/( ce/tra+*@at*o/ >*t .a/age.e/t 'art/ers*' a.o/g te e?'erts of

Ira/ '=s*ca+ e(ucat*o/ orga/*@at*o/ a/( a+so te (*sta/ce bet>ee/ te 'rese/t a/( te (es*rab+e

co/(*t*o/-

6eto(o+og=

e 'rese/t researc *s a (escr*'t*e o/e >*c *s corre+at*e >*t regar( to te re+at*o/ bet>ee/

te ar*ab+es a/( *t *s a/ a''+*e( researc regar(*/g te teoret*ca+ a/( sc*e/t*4c fu/(a.e/ta+s of

researc-

Stat*st*ca+ Po'u+at*o/

e stat*st*ca+ 'o'u+at*o/ of t*s researc *s te e?'erts of '=s*ca+ e(ucat*o/ orga/*@at*o/- ,ase(

o/ te obta*/e( */for.at*o/ te /u.ber of e?'erts >or*/g */ t*s orga/*@at*o/ >o ae

'ossesse( te e?'ert*se 'os*t*o/ base( o/ te a''roe( co/st*tut*o/s of te orga/*@at*o/ *s so>/

*/ tab+e1-

$ata a/a+=s*s 6eto(s

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o assess a/( .easure te orga/*@at*o/a+ structure te Rob*/s sta/(ar( Duest*o//a*re */c+u(*/g

2J state.e/ts a/( for .a/age.e/t 'art/ers*' te #a@ar* "a.*sa/* Duest*o//a*re */c+u(*/g

/*/e state.e/ts ae bee/ te use(- e Duest*o//a*res of t*s researc ae bee/ (e+*ere( to

a++ te res'ect*e 'eo'+e a/( ae bee/ a/a+=@e( after be*/g co++ecte(- After a/a+=@*/g a/(

su..ar*@*/g te 'rese/t */for.at*o/ te co++ecte( (ata a/( */for.at*o/ >ere teste( b= SPSS

>*/(o>s;base( soft>are ers*o/ 13-

Sa.'+e a/( Sa.'+*/g 6eto(

I/ t*s researc s*/ce te /u.ber of e?'erts of '=s*ca+ e(ucat*o/ orga/*@at*o/ >as 300 te

s=ste.at*c sa.'+*/g .eto( >as a''+*e(- I/ s=ste.at*c sa.'+*/g te fo++o>*/g .eto( >as use(

to (eter.*/e >*c of te 'o'u+at*o/ .e.bers cou+( be se+ecte( as sa.'+e: te tota+ /u.ber of

researc 'o'u+at*o/ >as (**(e( b= te /u.ber of sa.'+e .e.bers a/( te resu+te( 4gure >as

cose/ as te bas*s of sa.'+*/g a/( so te .u+t*'+es of te resu+te( 4gure >ere se+ecte( as te

.e.bers- #u.ber of sa.'+e .e.bers >as s'ec*4e( base( o/ te fo++o>*/g for.u+a a/( b=

a''+=*/g te resu+ts of te 're+*.*/ar= stu(= coer*/g 12B1 'eo'+e-

)or.u+a

---

I K base /u.ber /Ksa.'+e .e.bers #K'o'u+at*o/ s*@e

$ K 'robab+e (es*re( 'rec*s*o/ >*c *s eDua+ to 0-1B

K95 co/4(e/ce coeFc*e/t >*c *s eDua+ to 1-9B

s2 K 'o'u+at*o/ ar*a/ce >*c *s 1-23 base( o/ te 're+*.*/ar= stu(=-

Ha*/g 're'are( te +*st of te sa.'+e .e.bers s*/ce te sa.'+e .e.bers ae bee/ se+ecte(

fro. (*ere/t (e'art.e/ts */ or(er to /o> eac (e'art.e/t co/st*tutes >at 'erce/t of tetota+ 'o'u+at*o/ te res'ect*e 'erce/t of te sa.'+e of eac (e'art.e/t >as a+so co/s*(ere(

a/( te /u.ber of sa.'+e .e.bers */ eac (e'art.e/t >as s'ec*4e(-

ab+e 2 re'rese/ts te /u.ber of 'o'u+at*o/ sa.'+e a/( Duest*o//a*res rece*e( fro. te

sa.'+e .e.bers */ eac (e'art.e/t of '=s*ca+ e(ucat*o/ orga/*@at*o/-

I/ or(er to e/sure tat .ore Duest*o//a*res are rece*e( fro. sa.'+e .e.bers 130

Duest*o//a*res >ere (*str*bute( a.o/g te sa.'+es a/( 4/a++= 11B Duest*o//a*res >ere co++ecte(

after freDue/t *s*ts- Ha*/g re*e>e( te Duest*o//a*res a/( (e+et*/g te */co.'+ete a/(

(efect*e cases 10 Duest*o//a*res >ere se+ecte( for 4/a+ a/a+=s*s-

$escr*'t*o/ of A/a+=s*s Re+ate( to te Perso/a+ !aracter*st*cs

I/ te /e?t 'art te )*gures re+ate( to eac of te ar*ab+es s*g/*f=*/g te 'erso/a+ caracter*st*cs

*s so>/

Ge/(er

)*gure 1 so>s tat fro. 10 sa.'+es of '=s*ca+ e(ucat*o/ orga/*@at*o/ u/(er te stu(= J3

are .a+e JB 'eo'+e a/( 5 are fe.a+e B1 'eo'+e-

Age

)*gure 2 so>s tat 29 'eo'+e 2 fro. te tota+ 10 sa.'+es u/(er te stu(= */ '=s*ca+e(ucat*o/ orga/*@at*o/ are 20 to 30 =ears o+( JB 'eo'+e J3 are 31 to J0 =ears o+( 30 'eo'+e

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6ar*ta+ Status

)*gure 3 so>s tat fro. a.o/g 10 sa.'+es u/(er stu(= */ '=s*ca+ e(ucat*o/ orga/*@at*o/

33 35 'eo'+e are s*/g+e a/( B 2 'eo'+e are .arr*e(-

Recor( of Ser*ces

)*gure J so>s tat fro. a.o/g 10 sa.'+es u/(er stu(=15 'eo'+e 1J ae te recor( of

ser*ces eDua+ to 1 to 5 =ears 22 'eo'+e 21 bet>ee/ B to 10 =ears J3 'eo'+e J0 bet>ee/

11 to 15 =ears 15 'eo'+e J1 bet>ee/ 1B to 20 =ears a/( 2 'erso/s 11 ae .ore ta/ 21

=ears recor( of ser*ces-

E(ucat*o/a+ Status

)ro. a.o/g 10 sa.'+es u/(er stu(= 12 'eo'+e 11 o+( *g scoo+ (*'+o.a 15 'eo'+e

1J ae assoc*ateCs (egree 5B 'eo'+e 52 ae bace+orCs (egree 19 'eo'+e 1ee/ te cr*ter*o/ a/( 're(*ct*e ar*ab+es- I/ tese tests te /u++

='otes*s stat*/g te +ac of re+at*o/ bet>ee/ ar*ab+es a/( a+ter/at*e ='otes*s base( o/ te

e?*ste/ce of te re+at*o/ bet>ee/ te. ae bee/ co/s*(ere(- Pearso/Cs corre+at*o/ test as bee/

use( to test te ='otes*s- It *s to .e/t*o/ tat as a 'resu.'t*o/ to a''+= Pearso/ test"o+.ogoro;S.*r/o stat*st*ca+ test >as use( to test /or.a+*t= of (ata- )urter.ore te stat*st*ca+

+ee+ */ >*c te ='otes*s as bee/ acce'te( or refuse( *s re'orte( b= SPSS soft>are

s*g/*4ca/t +ee+ *s 0-05 or 0-01

)*rst H='otes*s

,ase( o/ te resu+ts of Pearso/ test >r*tte/ */ tab+e 3 te obta*/e( s*g/*4ca/t +ee+ *s +o>er ta/

0-01 so te /u++ ='otes*s *s reecte( a/( te a+ter/at*e ='otes*s *s acce'te( *t .ea/s tat

>e ca/ sa= >*t 99 'erce/t assura/ce tat tere *s a s*g/*4ca/t re+at*o/ bet>ee/ orga/*@at*o/a+

structure a/( .a/age.e/t 'art/ers*'- Seco/( H='otes*s

,ase( o/ te resu+ts of Pearso/ test >r*tte/ */ tab+e J te obta*/e( s*g/*4ca/t +ee+ *s be+o> 0-01

so te /u++ ='otes*s *s reecte( a/( te a+ter/at*e ='otes*s *s acce'te( *t .ea/s tat >e ca/

sa= >*t 99 'erce/t assura/ce tat tere *s a s*g/*4ca/t re+at*o/ bet>ee/ orga/*@at*o/a+

co.'+e?*t= a/( .a/age.e/t 'art/ers*' so >e co.e to te co/c+us*o/ tat te .ore te

.a/age.e/t 'art/ers*' st=+e *s *.'+e.e/te( te +ess >e ae orga/*@at*o/a+ co.'+e?*t= a/(

*ce ersa-

*r( H='otes*s

*t regar( to te Pearso/ test =ou ca/ see */ tab+e 5 te obta*/e( s*g/*4ca/t +ee+ *s be+o> 0-01

so te /u++ ='otes*s *s reecte( a/( te a+ter/at*e ='otes*s *s acce'te( *t .ea/s tat >e ca/sa= >*t 99 'erce/t assura/ce tat tere *s a s*g/*4ca/t re+at*o/ bet>ee/ for.a+*t= a/(

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,o@bora 2009 */ a 'art of *s >or recog/*@e( te 'rese/ce of a (ece/tra+*@e( structure to be

a''ro'r*ate */ te creat*o/ of a/ e/*ro/.e/t */ >*c te e.'+o=ees cou+( 'art*c*'ate */ te

s'o/ta/eous 'rocess of /o>+e(ge 10-

*s a+*g/.e/t ca/ be (ue to te fact tat *.'+e.e/tat*o/ of .a/age.e/t 'art/ers*' reDu*res a

structure a/( ce/tra+*@at*o/ */ >*c te (ec*s*o/ .a*/g */ a s'ec*4e( 'o*/t of orga/*@at*o/ *s

ao*(e( as .uc as 'oss*b+e a/( te e.'+o=ees coo'erate */ a/ e/*ro/.e/t fu++ of co/4(e/ce-O/ te oter a/( t*s */( of 'art/ers*' */creases te e?ecut*e guara/tee for te fu+4++.e/t of

orga/*@at*o/a+ goa+s-

!oo'erat*o/ */ (ec*s*o/ .a*/g as a u.a/ as'ect */ te orga/*@at*o/ *s .a*/+= a''+*e( for te

'ur'ose of */creas*/g te e.'+o=eesC eFc*e/c= a/( tra/sfor.at*o/ of te 'rese/t status- I/ t*s

'rocess te .a/agers a/( e.'+o=ees 'art*c*'ate */ te orga/*@at*o/a+ (ec*s*o/s a/( so te

ce/tra+*@at*o/ of (ec*s*o/ .a*/g b= a certa*/ grou' of 'eo'+e *s 'ree/te(- 6oreoer 'eo'+eCs

coo'erat*o/ */ te .a*/g te (ec*s*o/s causes te re(uct*o/ of ob 'ressures */cre.e/t */ te

Dua+*t= acce'ta/ce of (ec*s*o/s a/( re(uct*o/ of te/(e/c= to Du*t >or*/g b= e.'+o=ees

*t regar( to t*s 'o*/t >e co/c+u(e tat *f te (*rectors of te s'ort orga/*@at*o/s (o /ot care

te e.'+o=ees 'art*c*'at*o/ */ .a*/g (ec*s*o/s te staso> /o >*++*/g/ess to >or o/ o/e

a/( a/( te orga/*@at*o/Cs (*rectors >*++ be (e'r*e( fro. te */te++ectua+ e+' a/( te

e.'+o=ees 'art*c*'at*o/ o/ te oter a/(- I/ suc a/ e/*ro/.e/t te e.'+o=ees u/co/sc*ous+=

brea >*t te orga/*@at*o/ fro. e.ot*o/a+ as'ect >*c *tse+f br*/gs .a/= /egat*e

co/seDue/ces- e bas*c '*+oso'= of .a/age.e/t 'art/ers*' *s tat *t co/s*(ers be*/g a

fou/(at*o/ for Dua+*t= co/tro+ t*s ter. *s a+so a broa( co/ce't resu+ts to te creat**t= */ >or*/g

e/*ro/.e/t- #o>a(a=s a *g +ee+ of e.'+o=eeCs (*ssat*sfact*o/ a/( re(uct*o/ of te*r

eFc*e/c= 'ro*(e te grou/( for te acce'ta/ce of .a/age.e/t 'art/ers*' >*t *ger

.ot*at*o/-

Accor(*/g to te soc*a+ sc*e/t*sts te e.'+o=eeCs (*ssat*sfact*o/ a/( */(*ere/ce +ac of

.ot*at*o/ of a++ *ta+ e+e.e/ts >*c causes te re(uct*o/ */ eFc*e/c= */cre.e/t of s'ec*a+t=

>or*/g sect*o/s a/( orga/*@at*o/Cs (e'art.e/ts- I/ >or*/g e/*ro/.e/t .ost of te >or

ca++e/ges are re+ate( to te .ot*at*o/ a/( te e.'+o=ees e/o= te 'rob+e. so+*/g >e/ te=

tae 'art */ te 'rocess of >or*/g B

Ge/era++= te /ee(s to */terre+at*o/s*' a/( */(e'e/(e/ce of subor(*/ates are sat*s4e( >e/ a

+*tt+e .o/*tor*/g *s (o/e b= te .a/agers- If te= are */o+e( */ .a*/g (ec*s*o/s te= >*++ be

.ot*ate( a/( 'rese/t te*r fu++ ca'ab*+*t*es *t te orga/*@at*o/Cs .a/ager a/( tae be/e4t of suc *(eas to ac*ee

te orga/*@at*o/Cs goa+s- I/ suc a/ e/*ro/.e/t te +ee+ of e.'+o=eesC ob sat*sfact*o/ >*++ be

*/crease( >*c 4/a++= +ea(s to te */cre.e/t of orga/*@at*o/a+ eFc*e/c=- So te e.'+o=eesC

coo'erat*o/ *s te cause of co/t*/uous *.'roe.e/t */ te 'rocess of >ors (o/e >*t te

'ur'ose of custo.ersC sat*sfact*o/ */ orga/*@at*o/ a/( *t *s te .a*/ esse/ce of orga/*@at*o/a+

*.'roe.e/t- So suc a/ *.'roe.e/t */ state s'ort orga/*@at*o/s >*++ *.'roe te state of

cou/tr=Cs s'ort- Accor(*/g to te resu+ts of te ='otes*s >e ca/ br*e= sa= tat te a''ro'r*ate

.a/age.e/t 'art/ers*' *s a structure >*c *s '+ace( */ a +o> +ee+ fro. te as'ect of



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co.'+e?*t= a/( for.a+*t= but *t *s */ a *g +ee+ fro. te as'ect of +ac of ce/tra+*@at*o/ a/(

ass*g/.e/t of autor*t*es- *t regar( to te co.'+e?*t= >e sou+( sa= tat te .a/agerCs

co/4(e/ce to te orga/*@at*o/Cs e.'+o=ees 'ro*(e te grou/( for te ass*g/.e/t of autor*t*es

to te subor(*/ates a/( *t /atura++= >*++ re(uce te orga/*@at*o/a+ *erarc= a/( +ee+s >*c

4/a++= re(uces te co.'+e?*t=- So .a/age.e/t 'art/ers*' re(uces te orga/*@at*o/a+

co.'+e?*t=-

References

Refre/ces

1- 6ar@*e a+*fe so+ta/* 200 Re*e> of re+at*o/ of orga/*@at*o/ structure a/( ob creat*o/ of

'=s*ca+ e(ucat*o/ orga/*@at*o/ 'r*/c*'a+s 6 - A te= *s 'a=a. /oor u/*ers*t= -

2- ,aba (aoo(* 2001 Re*e> of structure of footba++ fe(erat*o/ orga/*@at*o/ a/( g*e te best

'utter/ 6- A tes *s era/ u/*ers*t=-

3- A+* re@aeea/ 200B 6a/age.e/t 'r*/c*'e+s era/ sa.t 'ub+*cat*o/ /*/t e(*t*o/ -

J- More sar.a( Abas ba@arga/ E+ae ea@* 199ee/ structure >*t te 'art*c*'at*e

.a/age.e/t */ fars* */(ustr*a+ grou' - 6-A tes*s - era/ u/*ers*t= -


11/11

A- #aa4*re Saba/are1 a/( 6- Rastgar*2

1Is+a.*c A@a( &/*ers*t= )*roo@aba( ,ra/c Ira/

2Is+a.*c A@a( &/*ers*t= 6e=.a/( ,ra/c Ira/

Publication title) I/ter/at*o/a+ 7our/a+ of Arts 8 Sc*e/ces

$olume) 5

Issue) 2

Pa-es) 9;1