Propylene Oxide Production

Done By:Salem Alkanaimsh

Mohammed AlBannayAmer Alnajdi

Sabah AlfadlyBader AlRashdi

Prof. M. FahimEng. Yousef Ismael

Table Of Contents

Introduction. Manufacturing processes. Properties of Raw materials. Properties of Final Products. Uses & Applications.

Table Of Contents

Introduction. Manufacturing processes. Properties of Raw materials. Properties of final Products. Uses & Applications.

Introduction

What is Propylene oxide? Physical & Chemical Properties.

Propylene Oxide

An organic toxic flammable compound. An epoxide having a molecular formula of C3H6O. Its importance is based on the compounds derived

from it. There are a lot of industrial processes for

manufacturing.

Physical Properties

Molecular FormulaC3H6O

Molar Mass58.08 g/mol

N. Boiling Point34 oC

Heat Of Vaporization27.89 KJ/mol

Density0.8245 g/mL

Vapor Pressure58.1863 KPa

AppearanceColorless Liquid

Chemical Properties

Reactions with :

1. Water.

2. Amines & Ammonia.

3. Carbon Dioxide.

4. Hydrogen Sulfide & Mercaptans.

5. Grignard Reagent.

Manufacturing Processes

Industrial, and non-Industrial. Industrial Processes:

1. Chlorohydrin process.

2. Indirect Oxidation of propylene. Non-Industrial Processes:

1. Direct Oxidation of propylene.

2. Electrochemical Process.

Indirect Oxidation Of propylene Uses peroxide compounds.

1. Hydroperoxide (R-OOH).

2. Peracids (R-C-OOH). Acids or alcohols are co-products.

Indirect Oxidation of Propylene

3 different industrial processes.

Peroxide FeedstockEpoxidation CoproductCoproducts Derivate

AcetaldehydeAcetic acid-

IsobutaneTert-butyl alcoholIsobutylene

Ethyl benzenea- phenylethy alcoholStyrene

Epoxidation by using ethyl benzene

Epoxidation by using ethyl benzene Produces PO & Styrene. Has 4 steps:

1. Ethyl benzene Oxidation

2. Propylene Epoxidation:

3. Acetophoene Hydrogenation:

4. MBA Dehydration:

OOHCHCHHCOHCHC 35625256

OHCHCHHCCHOCHCHOOHCHCHHCCHCHCH 3562335623

OHCHCHHCHCHCOHC 3562356

OHCHCHHCOHCHCHHC 2256356

Raw materials & Final Products Raw materials:1. Propylene

2. Air

3. Ethyl benzene Final Products:1. Propylene Oxide.

2. Styrene.

Properties of Raw materials .

CompoundMwt

g/mol

Boiling pointoC

Density

g/cm3

Propylene42.081-480.612

Air28.95-194.50.00122

Ethyl benzene106136.20.8665

Final Products (Styrene)

Physical properties: Manufacturing Processes:

1. Dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene.

2. Co-Product with PO.

Mwt104.15 g/mol

Boiling Point145oC

Density0.909 g/cm3

Viscosity0.762 cP

Expoxidation by using Isobutane

Expoxidation by using Isobutane Produces PO & MTBE. Has 4 Steps:

1. Oxidation of Isobutane:

2. Propylene Epoxidation:

3. Tert-butanol dehydration:

4. Producing MTBE:

COHCHCOOHCHOCHCH 3333233 2234

COHCHOCHCHCHCOOHCHCHCHCH 33323323

OHCHCHCCHCOHCH 223333

3333233 CHOCHOHCHCHCHCCH

Raw materials & Final Products Raw materials: 1. Propylene.

2. Air

3. Isobutane. Final Products: Propylene oxide. MTBE.

Properties of Raw materials & Final Products.

Isobutane: MTBE:Mwt58.124 g/mol

Boiling Point-11.57 oC

Density2.52 Kg/m3

Vapor pressure489 KPa

Mwt88.15 g/mol

Boling Point55.2 oC

Density0.74 g/cm3

AppearanceColorless liquid

Epoxidation by using Acetaldehyde

Epoxidation by using Acetaldehyde Produces PO & Acetic Acid. Has 3 Steps:

1. Oxidation of acetaldehyde:

2. Propylene Epoxidation:

3. Multi-Distillation System.

OOHCOCHOCHOCH 323

COOHCHOCHCHCHOOHCOCHCHCHCH 332323

Raw materials & Final Products Raw materials:

1. Propylene.

2. Air

3. Acetaldehyde. Products:

1. Propylene oxide.

2. Acetic Acid.

Properties of Raw materials & Final Products.

Acetaldehyde: Acetic Acid:

Mwt44.05 g/mol

Density0.788 g/cm3

Boiling point

20.2oC

Melting point

-123.5oC

Mwt60.05 g/mol

Density1.04 g/cm3

Boiling point

118.1oC

Melting point

16.5 oC

Chlorohydrin Process

Chlorohydrin Process

Not an efficient process. Has 2 Steps:

1. Formation of Chlorohydrin:

2. Saponification:

ClCHCHOHCHHOClCHCHCH

HClHOClOHCl

2322

22

OHCaClCHOCHCHOHCaClCHCHOHCH 2232223 22

Raw materials & Final Products Raw materials:1. Propylene.

2. Chlorine.

3. Water.4. Lime or (Caustic). Final Products:1. Propylene oxide

2. Calcium chloride or (Sodium chloride).

Properties of Raw materials

CompoundMwt

(g/mol)

Density

g/cm3((

Melting point

(oC)

Chlorine70.906.0032-101.5

Water18.015310

Lime74.0932.211512

Caustic39.99712.1318

Properties Of final products

PropertyCalcium ChlorideSodium Chloride

Mwt

)g/mol(

110.9958.44277

Density

)g/cm3(

2.152.16

Melting pointoC((

772801

Boiling pointoC((

>16001465

Appearance White or colorless solidWhite powder or crystals

Solubility

g/100 ml water

74.535.9

Uses & Applications

Propylene Oxide

Polyether Polyols Propylene glycols

Polyurethanes

Applications of Polyurethanes

Varnish ForWood

AutomobilesSeats

Flexible Foams

Rigid Foams

Thermal insulation

electronics

Polyurethanes

Applications of propylene glycol

Moisturizer inFood &

Medicine

AutomotiveAnti-freeze

SyntheticRubbers &

Fibers

Coolant in Liquid cooling

Systems

Solvent forFood color

Propyleneglycol