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Mahan Inf l ight Magazine

16 Touring Iran28 Around the World34Movies38 Lifestyle44 High- Tech46 Origin of Words

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April 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine 15

In the name of God

Welcome on board. It is a great pleasure having you experience our services today. Mahan Air introduced to aviation industry in 1992 and we

are extremely so proud of steadily growing our presence and services over the past 25 years and look forward to exciting years ahead to continue invest in

new aircrafts and new routes with specific focus on offering the highest standards of service and hospitality in the global airline industry competition.

We consider Mahan Air contribution to the border community across Iran and other places in the world where we are well positioned to make a real difference with providing frequent flight of approximately 5.6 million passengers per year. Today, Mahan Air operates a fleet of more than 60 new Airbus and Boeing aircrafts from Tehran hub to more than 54 routes inside Iran and 53 routes internationally across Europe, Asia, Middle East, Far East and CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States(.

To join Mahan Air Frequent Flyer program, a loyalty program offered to our customers to enjoy a range of exclusive privileges and courtesy services (including: lounge access, check-in priority, increased baggage allowance, guaranteed award seats and more( kindly collect the application forms available at Mahan Air check-in counter or even on-board during your flight and immediately start collecting miles with the temporary card and take the advantages. For more information, Please visit (www.mahan.aero) to learn about the card benefits and services.

In addition to facilitate the check in process, Mahan air has provided web check in (online check- in) in most of domestic airports. This service will be operational 48-90 hours before flight

Following of increasing and expanding the flight route network, we as Mahan air, established new direct international routes to Barcelona, Spain in June 2017.

We are continually striving to provide high quality service to every one of our valued passengers. Hearing your ideas and feedback on what we do well and where we need to improve is fundamental to this. You can provide your feedback – good or bad – quickly and easily through the “Feedback Form” on board. The crew will be handing out these forms, during your flight.

We would like to thank you over and over for your continued support of Mahan and our services. Please sit back and enjoy our renowned Persian

hospitality. Our crew is friendly, professional & trained and shares a passion for ensuring your journey is as comfortable as possible.

Thank you once again for choosing to fly Mahan Air.

Editorial

April 2018 Mahan Inflight Magazine16

Sistan and Baluchestan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the southeast of the country, bordering Pakistan and Afghanistan and its capital is Zahedan.The province comprises of two sections, Sistan in the north and Baluchestan in the south. Sistan and Baluchestan’s counties are Chabahar, Qasar-qand, Dalgan, Hirmand, Iranshahr, Khash, Konarak, Nikshahr, Saravan, Sarbaz, Soran, Zabol, Zaboli, Zahedan, and Zehak.

AirportsSistan and Baluchestan Province has two main passenger airports:

● Zahedan Airport● Chabahar Airport

Yaghub Leis Safarri Statue, Zabol

Sistan & Baluchestan, an alluring tourist destination

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In the inscriptions of Bistoon and Persepolis, Sistan is mentioned as one of the eastern territories of Darius the Great. The name Sistan is derived from Saka (also sometimes Saga, or Sagastan), one of the Aryan tribes that had taken control over this area in the year 128

BCE. During the Arsacid Dynasty (248 BC to 224 CE(, the province became the seat of Suren-Pahlav Clan. From the Sassanid period till the early Islamic period, Sistan flourished considerably.

The first people who decided to implement the wind power were ancient Persians. Nearly 2800 years ago, Iranian engineers in Sistan and Baluchestan Province built the first batch of windmills in the path of the region’s 120-day-blowing winds to use its incredible power for milling grains, and to extract water from the wells. This Iranian invention is called Asbad, which is short for the Persian equivalent to the word windmill. Iranians implemented the windmills based on the rotation along a horizontal axis, and this is why Iranian windmills look different from their Dutch counterparts. In addition to Sistan and Baluchestan Province, there are Asbads in the town of Nehabandan in South Khorasan and Nashtifan in Khorasan Razavi Provinces. From ancient times, Iranians and foreign explorers who crossed Sistan and Baluchestan could not hide their fascination with the region’s pioneering technologies. Robert Forbes, the famous technological historian,

has recognized Asbad as a significant Iranian invention which has been the primary source of energy for activities such as milling wheat and pumping water during the 12th century.After the Mongolians invaded Iran and saw these windmills, they captured a number of engineers who specialized in building these Asbads and took them to Eastern Asia. Also, in the 19th century, the Europeans became familiar with the Iranian technology of windmills and made some changes to its structure which led to the making of the current models in Holland. Furthermore, Asbads’ origin i.e. Sistan and Baluchestan has a gorgeous collection of windmills that are different in structure from the ones in Khorasan Province. In this region, there are old remains of windmills that date back to the Sassanid period, but the currently working models of Asbads date back to the Safavid Empire.

Windmills of Sistan and Bluchestan in Iran

History



Zabol is an ancient city with numerous tourist attractions. The beautiful Zabol City is located in the province of Sistan and Baluchistan, which is known as the widest southeastern province of Iran. The city with its ancient background, numerous ancient artifacts and tourist attractions, each year hosts a large number of travelers and tourists throughout Iran and the world. From the past to this day, Zabol has been called by various names such as “Nimroz”. Zabol is located near Lake Hamun and the region is irrigated by the Hirmand River. Lake Hamun is a

seasonal lake. people of Zabol are predominantly Persians who speak a variant of the Persian language known as Sistani or Seistani which is very similar to Dari, and a minority of Baluchs speak Baluchi, a south-eastern Iranian language.Zabol is connected by road to Zaranj across the border in Afghanistan. Delaram-Zaranj Highway provides road connectivity to the rest of Afghanistan. Zabol thus provides Afghanistan access to the Arabian Sea and Persian Gulf via the Chabahar Port.Zahedan-e Kohneh (old Zahedan( is located about 27 kilometers east of Zabol, in Posht Ab district.

Zabol, Scent of an Ancient Civilization

Hirmand River This river accounts as the only vital water way in Sistan, and takes its source in Baba Mountains of Afghanistan.In the southern part of Sistan plains and near the Hirmand River, there is a large natural pit or hollow which forms a reservoir for irrigation purposes and also is a natural barrier in times of flood, thus preventing damage. The area of this pit is approximately 4,700 hectares.

Hamoun Lake and Wetland Lake Hamoun, the largest freshwater body of water on the Iranian plateau which is shared by Iran and Afghanistan, is Zahedan’s main natural attraction. This lake has been designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.Located in the north of Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Hamoun Wetland was once a habitat for 225 species of birds — half of the total population of bird species found in Iran.Hamoun has been referred to as one of the most important lakes of Iran in Avesta and Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh.

Zahedane Kohne (Old Zahedan)


Burnt City was Iran’s first ancient site to be registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List. It was listed at the 38th session of the World Heritage Committee, and officially became the 17th Iranian World Heritage Site on the UNESCO List, In July 2014.Dating back to 5,000 years ago, Burnt City has been acknowledged as one of the world’s most urbanized ancient locations.Several phases of excavations led to the discovery of astonishing edifices which, to a certain extent, shed the light on the lifestyle in ancient times.Based on findings, the residents of Burnt City were forerunners in performing brain surgery. They conducted brain surgery 4,800 years ago on a girl aged twelve or thirteen who was treated for hydrocephaly. Based on the evidences, this girl had lived long after the surgery.Shoe-making was also a thriving industry in the city.The world’s first animation - a pottery vase depicting a

goat attempting to scale a shrub - has been discovered in the city.Evidences revealed that residents of Burnt City were the first in the world to domesticate camel circa 3000 BCE.A wooden ruler with an accuracy of 0.5mm was also discovered in the city.One of the pastimes of Burnt City residents was chess.Industrial units were located outside the city limits. Large number of pipelines made of clay have also been discovered in the city — an attestation to the advanced water supply system prevalent in the area in prehistoric times.Types of unique textiles have been found in Burnt City not found anywhere else in antediluvian Iran.Residents of Burnt City engaged in textile weaving, pottery, carpentry, stone cutting, seal making and weaving. They were able to make tools from metals.

Located 45 km from Zabol and 2 km from the village of Qala Noe, there is a local archaeological site known as the “Dahane Gholaman”. The site is actually the remnants of a city that used to be used as the political administrative

center of Zarang (Zaranj( Satrapi (Province( during the rule of Achaemenid. This place is mentioned in the Achaemenid scripts, in Bisotun, Persepolis and Naqshe Rostam monuments as Zarkak or Zarankai.

The ancient city of Dahane Gholaman

Shahr-e-Sukhteh (Burnt City)

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Touring Iran

This historic tourist attraction is 16 kilometers away from Zabul-Hirmand City route. This historic building, known as “Malek Kiani Citadel”, was possessed by one of the Khans in Sistan region. It was built in square space consisting of 4 towers, each of which has a

height of 70 meters and a width of 5 meters, and 50 centimeters. There are also, the arches, the facades that are located in all four corners of the citadel, and other spectacular sections. Some of the other features of this monument include the numerous rooms adjacent to each other and in the style of old caravansaries.

Malek Kiani Citadel

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Tomb of Khajeh GhaltanThe shrine is located in the highest peak and in the northeast of Khajeh Mountain. It is geometrically rectangular, and sections such as the entrance hall, the dome room and the archway are lined with its constituent parts. Inside a room, you can observe the stone of the graveyard at an approximate length of 3 meters. According to the writings of “Shah Hussein Sistani” in his book “Ahyal-Muluk”, the shrine belongs to the brother of Daniel the prophet.

Mount Khajeh Mount Khajeh, located 30 kilometers from Zabol, is another historical attraction of Sistan and Baluchestan.Mount Khajeh has gained fame as Iran’s adobe and brick Takht-e Jamshid. It includes a fire temple, a palace, a graveyard as well as a mausoleum.Mount Khajeh is the only Parthian monument which remains well preserved.

Karkoo Fire Temple This fire-temple is located in Karkoo in Sistan. Its special features and architectural design show the temple dates back to the Sassanid era.


Touring Iran


70 kilometers from Zabol, another valuable historical monument of ancient Iran exists which is known as the castle of Rostam. This castle is attributedto Rostam, the main famous figure in Shahnameh. Unfortunately, through the passage of time, this monument has been destroyed and environmental problems, as well as change in the direction

of the Hirmand River have made a devastating alterations. So that, only four towers, entrance gate, skeletons of some arches, water storages, and a number of other monuments have remained.

Museum of AnthropologyIn an area of about 4,000 square meters with about 125 square meter space, there is one of the cultural and historical collections of Zabol city, which is referred to as the “Zabol’s Anthropological Museum”. In this valuable collection, there are works and discoveries of about 5,000 years ago that show the civilization, culture and authenticity of the people of Zabul.

Qasem Abad Tower This minaret is located in Makran (Qasem Abad( of Zabol and possibly dates back to the Saljuqi era. The minaret was constructed on a rock basis and overlooks the old part of Zahedan. All the structures at the foot of the minaret are of sun baked bricks and clay. Other types of bricks have been also used in the adornments of the structure.

SouvenirsMango is one of the most important crops of Sistan-Baluchestan and one of its most popular souvenirs.Date and mango are taken home by tourists as souvenirs.

Rostam's Castle


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Rafsanjan The city has many historical attractions such as Kaboutar Khan Caravanserai built by the Safavid (1501–1736( commander Ganjali Khan, who became the governor of Kerman in 1569. The Caravansary is unique in that it has a watchtower at each one of its four corners, and the Old Wall of Rafsanjan which once encircled the city, and had several watchtowers and four gates.

Rafsanjan is a city in Kerman Province, Iran. It has semi-arid climate with relatively warm, rainy summers and cold, snowy winters.Rafsanjan or Bahramabad is said to have been founded by the Sassanid monarch Shapur II the Great (309-379 CE). In later times the city’s name was changed to Rafsanjan, meaning ‘city with many copper mines’ or according to some accounts, the ‘city washed away by floods’ as periodic floods are said to have destroyed this city several times throughout the history.

Kaboutar Khan Caravanserai

Some of the city’s most interesting historical sites were built during the Qajar era (1785-1925( including Haj Ali Aqa House, which was built by a prominent Qajar merchant and is considered the biggest adobe residence in the world with 110 rooms, a water reservoir, a caravanserai and an icehouse simply known as Yakhchal-e Haj Ali Aqa. The 120-year-old Moradi Ab-Anbar (cistern( with its wind tower, water valves and flight of 52 stairs leading to its storage tank is another example of Qajar structures in Rafsanjan.

Some of the city’s natural attractions include Mount Pourkan, Qasem Abad Mineral Spring, which has therapeutic properties, Davaran Mineral Spring, Mirza Cave, which is a popular spelunking destination, and has a drop of 90 meters, and the unique Rageh Canyon, which is a geoprak formed by water erosion.

Rafsanjan is the top cultivator of pistachio in Iran. Rafsanjan’s high quality pistachio has earned worldwide fame for the city. California is the second largest pistachio producer in the world. Iran is the largest producer of pistachios in the world.

Rafsanjan is also the best region of the province for harvesting pistachios, which have been known as Rafsanjan pistachios for a long time.

Rafsanjan is also a major center of carpet production even though the rugs are sold as rugs of Kerman rather than of Rafsanjan. The city has a population of around 140,000.

The Best Time to Visit Rafsanjan, is March 19th to June 3rd or August 20th to November 4th.

Iran’s oldest pistachio tree

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Haj-Agha Ali House is a historical house located in Qasem Abad Village, 6 km of Rafsanjan. It is one of the biggest roofed, adobe structures in the world. The construction of this residence began in 1757 by a prominent Qajar (1785-1925( merchant named Haj Ali Aqa Zaeemollah Rafsanjani. Located in a 12,000 square meter plot of land, this approximately 130-year-old house has been built

in an area of 7,000 square meters. The house includes a water reservoir, mosque, caravanserai, bathhouse, Husayniyah (congregation hall of religious ceremonies) and an icehouse.The house includes many seven-door, five-door and three-door rooms, dens, royal rooms, autumn rooms, and winter rooms.

Haj-Agha Ali House


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Moradi Ab-Anbar is a Qajar era (1785-1925( water reservoir that is at least 120 years old. This Ab-Anbar has a wind tower, water valves and a flight of 52 stairs leading to its storage tank. Moradi Ab-Anbar was reg-istered as a National Heritage Site in 2004.

The Anthropology Museum of Rafsanjan is located in Aqa Seyyed Mehdi old Bathhouse, and displays antiques, weaving machines, spindle and spinning wheels, and water mills. The museum also has wax figures showcasing the customs, costumes and tradi-tions in Rafsanjan.

This Historical Monument is located near Rafsanjan City. This structure comprises of a tall rampart with an ice reservoir constructed of sun dried bricks, and also displays decorative affects.

Moradi Ab-Anbar Anthropology Museum

Abbas abad (Haj Ali Agha) Ice-house

Moein wind catcher is the remainder of a Qajar era (1785-1925( structure. The wind catcher has been built with adobe, wood, cob and brick. Brickwork and stucco inscriptions have been used to adorn this 16-meter wind tower. The wind catcher was renovated by Iran’s Cultural Heritage Organization in 2005.

Moein Wind Catcher

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The Presidential Museum of Rafsanjan opened in 1999 and includes a basement showroom, amphitheater, VIP Hall, library, restaurant and gallery. This museum has eight halls that house items from various historical eras. The Ancient Times hall of the museum houses 40 items, the Modern Times hall houses 70 items,

Hashemi-Rafsanjani Speaker hall includes 112 items gifted to Rafsanjani by Iranians and various states during his term in office, the Sacred Defense and Martyrs hall houses 51 items, the Construction Era hall houses 117 gifts to Mr. Rafsanjani. Rafsanjan hall includes 45 items pertaining to the history of the city.

Presidential Museum

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Rageh Valley is a geopark located 30 kilometers from Rafsanjan. This 20-meter long, 180-meter wide and 70-meter deep valley has been formed in Rafsanjan plain by water erosion and has several springs and a spectacular view.

Mirza Cave is located 40 kilometers northeast of Rafsanjan in Deh Ranj Village. A popular spelunking destination, this cave has 8 main halls and 4 smaller side halls. Some of the stalactite and stalagmites in this cave are over 4 meters long and extend from the ceiling to the ground. Animal fossils are visible in some halls of this cave and there is a pond in one of the halls.

This mountainous region is located in Rafsanjan and comprises of the several mountains, the highest peak being the Pourkan, reaching an elevation of 3,443

m. A few rivers take their source here, of which the Javarchi River is the most important one.

Mirza Cave

Pourkan Mountain

Rageh Valley

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Around the World

Born: 1736, Isfahan, Persia Died: 1824- Mödling, Austria Father: Nader Shah Afshar

Around the World

Johann Joseph von Semlin (born Ali Mirza Khan; 1736–1824( was the reputed son of Nader Shah. After Shah’s murder, a loyalist sent Ali Mirza Khan to Maria Theresa, the sovereign of Vienna, Austria, who named him “Johann Joseph Freiherr von Semlin”.In 1746, when Von Semlin was 10 years old, he was sent to Graz to learn the German language and European culture. In 1756, he returned to Vienna. On completing his education at a Viennese military school, Von Semlin joined the Austrian army, rising after a few years to the rank of Commander. Von Semlin was part of the Russian empire and fought in the Seven Years’ War as a Major. At the end of the war, he received a Medal of Honor.Captured in war in Prussia, he was known as the Prince of Persia among his troops. Frederick the Great invited him to his palace and returned him to Maria Theresa.With two injuries received during his military service, Von Semlin retired in 1792 on a monthly pension of 810 gulden. Von Semlin married Roza, a Turkic woman, in 1792.Upon his retirement from the military, Von Semlin caught the attention of the French government. An ambassador of Napoleon requested Von Semlin to attempt to take the throne of Iran, offering him military support. Von Semlin rejected the offer. Von Semlin died at the age of 90 in Mödling, near Vienna, and was buried in his home garden. He signed bills using his Persian name, Ali Mirza Khan, up to his death.

Josepf von Semlin Prince of Persia

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Around the World

Hafiz’ works, which were translated into German by orientalist Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall in 1812, were a source of profound inspiration for Goethe. Goethe, who attested that Hafiz possessed an ‘overview of world knowledge’, was highly impressed by Hafiz’ religious interpretation, which corresponded to his own more philosophical than religious view of the world and faith. What is more, Goethe wrote a 12-book collection of poems, the West-Oestlicher Diwan, containing the lyrical ‘Ich ein Moslem’ (I, the Muslim(. Still today, literature and accounts of history grapple with the surprising affinity of Goethe – the preacher of arch-Germanness, the ‘Faustian’ – with Islam.Hafiz Goethe Memorial at Beethovenplatz in Weimar Hafiz's works commemorates Goethe’s encounter with with two opposing granite chairs, aligned east to west. To reunite the two would be to restore the original block of granite, representing a uniting of East and West.

The Persian Scholars’ Pavilion at United Nations in Vienna, Austria is featuring the statues of four prominent Iranian figures. Highlighting the Iranian architectural features, the pavilion is adorned with Persian art forms and includes the statues of renowned Iranian scientists Avicenna, Abu Rayhan Birouni, Zakariya Razi (Rhazes) and Omar Khayyam.

The Persian Scholars’ Pavilion

Hafiz - Goethe Memorial



Stained-glass windows are magnificent works of art, using light and color to depict scenes, in some cases, or to change ambient lighting within a space.

Persian Stained-Glass Windows



In ancient buildings colored glass doors and windows provided suitable interior temperatures, shade, controlled natural light, heat insulation, and natural ventilation. They are valuable artistic and decorative features.Small pieces of glass were joined together with some kind of binder.At first it was as a result of technological restriction, craftsmen

did not know how to make a large piece of glass. Then the idea of making a decorated window out of colored pieces of glass painted with religious motifs and combined in way to form a picture popped up. In Iran wooden lattice windows were used as an architectural feature in all kinds of buildings. Magnificent Nasir al-Mulk Mosque in Shiraz built in the 19th century is famous all over the

world for its stained glass decoration. Ali-Qapu palace and coffee house in Shesh Behesht garden, Madar-e-Shah medresse (King's mother's school(, and old mosques in Isfahan – all of them have wooden grills on their windows. In Iran the glass is placed behind the lattice. Colors are usually very bright greens, reds, blues and yellows. Sometimes colorless glass is used.



• Persian stained glass first appeared in Iran during the 14th century whereas western stained glass was employed since the Middle Ages (5th to 15th century AD(.

• Persian colored glass was initially used for non-religious purposes whereas western stained glass was prominently used for religious buildings.

• Persian stained glass was made of pieces of colored glass whereas western stained glass was generally painted glass.

• Persian stained glass was placed on a wooden lattice frame that served functional architectural purposes (such as a room divider, window ,and door( whereas medieval stained glass was used only for windows and were generally non-operable windows.

• Persian stained glass was glued onto the lattice wooden frame, whereas medieval stained glass was kept in place by lead came.

• Persian stained glass was utilized within residential dwellings (except for a single 19th century mosque that is Nasir-al- Mulk Mosque( whereas western stained glass was most widely placed in public spaces (churches(.

The purpose of a stained glass window is not to allow those within a building to see the world outside or even primarily to admit light but rather to control it. For this reason stained glass windows have been described as “illuminated wall decorations”.

Stained glass is still popular today, but often referred to as art glass. It is prevalent in luxury homes, commercial buildings, and places of worship. Artists and companies are contracted to create beautiful art glass ranging from domes, windows, backsplashes, etc.

Stained glass windows in Iran and in Europe

Salar Saeid Mansion - Sanandaj Dowlat Abad Garden - Yazd



A museum displaying stained-glass windows has been set up in a historical house in Tehran on Sa’adi Street.

The property of the museum, with an area of over 1000m2, dates back to the Qajar period, and was originally owned by a man named Dr. Shaqaqi.

This museum is only the second of its type in the world, and contains a huge collection of Iranian stained-glass windows.

Stained-glass was imported to Iran from Eastern Europe, India, and China. It was soon imbued with a strong local flavor. Stained-glass windows displayed in this museum include paintings of human figures, birds and flowers, animals, geometrical figures, historical buildings, urban landscapes, nature, Quranic calligraphy, religious figures, courtiers, and ordinary citizens.

Jabir ibn Hayyan, the Persian chemist described 46 original recipes for producing colored glass in Kitab al-Durra al-Maknuna (The Book of the Hidden Pearl).

Stained-Glass Museum in Tehran

Niavaran Palace - Tehran Tabatabaei House - Kashan

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Movies

April 2018 Movies

Genres: Action, Horror, Video Game Cast: Dwayne Johnson, Naomie Harris,

Jake Lacy, Breanne Hill, Malin Akerman, Joe Manganiello

Director: Brad Peyton

Big meets bigger

Primatologist Davis Okoye (Johnson), a man who keeps people at a distance, shares an unshakable bond with George, the extraordinarily intelligent, silverback gorilla who has been in his care since birth. But a rogue genetic experiment gone awry transforms this gentle ape into a raging monster.

ChappaquiddickThe untold true story

On the eve of the moon landing, Ted Kennedy is involved in a tragic single-car accident that results in the death of former Robert Kennedy campaign worker Mary Jo Kopechne. The senator struggles to follow his own moral compass and simultaneously protect his family’s legacy, all while simply trying to keep his own political ambitions alive.

Genres: Drama, Thriller, True StoryCast: Jason Clarke, Kate Mara, Ed Helms,

Bruce Dern Director: John Curran

Rampage

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Movies

Based on the inspiring true story of West High School girls’ volleyball team. After the tragic death of the school’s star player Caroline “Line” Found, the remaining team players must band together under the guidance of their tough-love coach in hope of winning the state championship.

The Miracle SeasonA teammate they’ll never forget.A season they never expected.Genres: Drama, Sports Cast: Helen Hunt, William Hurt, Danika Yarosh,

Erin Moriarty Director: Sean McNamara

Duck Duck Goose

In Duck Duck Goose, a high-flying bachelor goose named Peng (voiced by Jim Gaffigan) is injured in flight and finds himself saddled with two adorably hilarious and demanding ducklings (voiced by Zendaya and Lance Lim(, on a long journey south that will turn this scrappy threesome into a family.

Family can be a wild ride

Genres: Comedy, Family, Animation Cast: Jim Gaffigan (Peng, voice),

Carl Reiner(Larry,voice), Stephen Fry (voice), Zendaya (voice), Jennifer Grey (voice), Molly Shannon (voice)

Director: Christopher Jenkins

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Movies

The Rider

Based on a true story, The Rider stars breakout Brady Jandreau as a once rising star of the rodeo circuit warned that his competition days are over after a tragic riding accident. Back home, Brady finds himself wondering what he has to live for when he can no longer do what gives him a sense of purpose: to ride and compete. In an attempt to regain control of his fate, Brady undertakes a search for new identity and tries to redefine his idea of what it means to be a man in the heartland of America.

Genre: Drama Cast: Brady Jandreau, Tim Jandreau,

Lilly Jandreau, Lane Scott, Cat Clifford Director: Chloé Zhao

Cloverfield

After a physics experiment with a large hadron accelerator causes the Earth to seemingly vanish completely, the terrified crew of an orbiting American space station is left floating in the middle of now-even-more-empty space. When a European spacecraft appears on their radar, the Americans must determine whether it’s their salvation, or a harbinger of doom.

Genres: Sci-Fi, Thriller, Sequel Cast: John Krasinski, David Oyelowo,

Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Daniel Bruhl, Elizabeth Debicki, Zhang Ziyi

Director: Julius Onah

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Movies

Sgt. Stubby

Dolphins

Game Over, Man!

A Netflix original film stars Adam Devine, Anders Holm and Blake Anderson, produced by Seth Rogen and Scott Rudin.

The true story of a stray bull terrier mutt and the lasting bond he forged with the doughboys of the 26th “Yankee” Division at the onset of America’s entry into World War I. For his valorous actions, Stubby was the first dog promoted to the rank of Sergeant in U.S. Army history.

An American HeroGenres: Animation, Historical Cast: Gérard Depardieu (voice),

Helena Bonham Carter (voice) Director: Richard Lanni

Echo is a youngster who can’t quite decide if it’s time to grow up and take on new responsibilities-or give in to her silly side and just have fun. Dolphin society is tricky, and the coral reef that Echo and his family call home depends on all of its inhabitants to keep it healthy. But Echo has a tough time resisting the many adventures the ocean has to offer.

Genres: Documentary, Family, Nature Director: Alastair Fothergill, Keith Scholey

Genre: Comedy Cast: Adam Devine, Anders Holm,

Blake Anderson, Jere Burns Director: Kyle Newacheck

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Lifestyle

Relying on the weather forecastThere’s no harm in checking the weather in advance, but it’s probably going to change by the time you get there. Don’t rely on the forecast to dictate your plans or the clothes you bring. Be smart and plan several options to make sure your trip doesn’t get ruined by bad weather.

Staying glued to your smartphoneWhile on vacation, you’re supposed to disconnect from your daily life, especially your smartphone. Nothing’s worse than letting your magical moments be marred by an annoying email or bad news from work.

Forgetting electrical adaptersWhen planning to visit a foreign country, especially in Europe, it’s important to learn what type of electrical outlet is used there, along with the voltage. If you forget, you might not be able to use your electronics, or they may even get damaged. For larger devices like hairdryers and electric razors, get an adjustable converter to avoid a power overload.

Forgetting to make copies of your passport and other important documentsIt’s always a good idea to make a copy of your important documents and keep them with you—like your passport, travel plans and routes, hotel reservations, and copies of your credit cards. That way, if your originals are stolen from you or taken from your hotel room, you’ll always have proof of the documents you need to get home.

Biggest travel mistakesGoing on vacation is a fun adventure that can quickly become a nightmare with just a few small mistakes. Here are some mistakes to avoid so you don’t ruin your great journey.

Leaving your walking shoes at homeWhen you’re discovering a new city, it’s usually best to do it on foot so you can visit as many sites as possible. Having good shoes that are made for walking long distances is a must and will help you avoid sore feet at the end of the day.

Crashing as soon as you arriveIn countries with different time zones, fatigue sets in quickly on the day you arrive. That said, try to resist the temptation to take a nap when you get to your hotel room. Napping will only make it harder to adjust to the local time, plus it’ll likely draw out the adjustment period. Get some exercise, stay hydrated, and eat meals at the local time to get your body acclimatized.

Relying on an online reservation site without doing your own researchThere are many websites that can help you make your hotel reservations—luckily, most of them are honest, but a few are a trap for travelers. Many of them haven’t even visited the hotels to validate the claims of the properties they suggest—they’re just interested in collecting their commission.

Not booking your hotel in advanceThe excitement of jetting off on a whim can make you feel like you’re going on a great adventure, but when night falls and you’re tired, it’s probably better to know where you’re going to spend the night, so you don’t end up sleeping on a park bench under the stars!



Forgetting to change your phone planDon’t leave home without changing your phone plan. Depending on what country you’re traveling to, you might end up with a big bill at the end. You may not be glued to your phone the whole time, but you might need to use it in an emergency or to send news to your family. Above all, don’t forget to turn off your mobile data or put your phone in airplane mode.

Not identifying your luggageYou’re probably not the only person on your flight with a medium-sized black suitcase. Think before you go and add some color to your bag so you can spot it from afar.

Missing the main attractionsWhile trying not to look like a tourist, you risk missing the top attractions and most significant monuments along the way. There’s a good chance you won’t have another opportunity to visit the top of the Empire State Building or stand outside the gates of Buckingham Palace.

Forgetting to buy travel insuranceMany travelers choose to skip this step to save a little cash. But when you’re in trouble, travel insurance can get you out of a tough situation in case of illness or serious injury. Many countries don’t have the same types of health plans and you may find yourself saddled with a big hospital bill if you choose to travel without insurance.

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Lifestyle

Staying in the tourist areasThere’s much more to see than the Eiffel Tower in Paris or the Trevi Fountain in Rome. While some attractions are a must-see, be sure to get off the beaten path. Don’t be afraid to get a little lost and go on an adventure far from the tourist areas. It’s the best way to live like a local, and you just might make some amazing discoveries that will stay in your memory forever.

Not knowing a single word in the local languageYou’re not expected to speak the local language fluently before you leave, but you should know a few polite phrases. You’d be surprised what kinds of doors can be opened with a simple “hello” and “thank you.” You can also bring a phrase book or application to help you ask for information once you arrive.

Exchanging your money at the airportYou’re guaranteed to pay a higher rate if you decide to exchange your money at the airport, not to mention wasting your time. Instead, see if your bank has any special rates to maximize the amount you’ve decided to spend on your vacation.

Packing metal objects in your carry-onYou won’t be making any friends at security if you leave metal objects in your carry-on. They’ll set off the metal detector, and they’ll likely be confiscated if they’re blunt objects. Leave your tweezers and your eyelash curler in your toiletries bag—in your checked luggage—so you can breeze through security without any awkward moments with the agents.



Not leaving enough time between connecting flightsIf your air travel plans have a connection, it’s strongly recommended that you leave at least two hours between the arrival of your first flight and the departure of your second. With busy skies, unforeseen weather conditions, and long lines at security, it’s better to leave a bit more time so you don’t miss your plane.

Forgetting to get the right vaccinesTo visit certain high-risk countries, travelers need to get vaccines six weeks before their departure. If you plan a stop in Africa or South America, you must get a yellow fever vaccine and have proof of vaccination on hand. Without this form, you can be refused entry and even be put in quarantine.

Following exactly your original planThere’s nothing wrong with wanting to be prepared and planning an action-packed journey, but it’s likely that things will need to change once you’re there. Traveling in a strange land always has its share of surprises—it’s not necessary to follow your original plan. Make compromises and don’t hesitate to change the parts of your itinerary that seem less interesting than others.

Spending the entire time behind a cameraThe most beautiful moments of your vacation happen before your eyes, but you might miss them if you’re always behind a lens. Yes, you want to immortalize every moment, but if you try to fit everything into a frame, you run the risk of missing half the highlights of your trip.

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Lifestyle

Forgetting to research tipping ratesMany travelers have no idea how to tip in other countries. It can be a delicate issue because some places expect 15% to 20% of the bill, while others take it as an insult. That’s why it’s better to look it up before you leave, so you don’t get into trouble and especially to make sure you have enough cash for the duration of your trip.

Traveling during high seasonJust because everyone else is traveling during the holidays doesn’t mean you should too. Traveling during high season automatically means higher prices, both on your plane ticket and your hotel room. Try to book your vacations for the shoulder seasons and take advantage of lower prices—so you can spend more on other things while you’re there.

Relying too much on travel guidesThere are many travel guides for travelers. Even though they offer practical tools, especially maps of the tourist areas, don’t rely on them blindly. Their lists of must-see spots are often super touristy and the information gets outdated quickly. If you do decide to use one, make sure you have the most recent edition.

Traveling with the wrong peopleJust because you’re best friends doesn’t mean you’re made to travel together. Make sure you have the same goals and especially the same vision for your trip. Nothing’s worse than finding yourself in an unknown city with someone who only wants to hang out by the hotel pool while you want to go off on adventures—or vice versa.



Failing to learn about the local customs before leavingBefore heading to another continent, it’s smart to research the habits and customs of your destination. Certain words and gestures have different meanings in different places and can make you seem insulting or get you into hot water.

Leaving without letting anyone know where you’re goingTaking off on an adventure in a foreign country sounds exciting, but it can easily turn dangerous if no one knows where you are. Make sure at least one person knows where to find you and the approximate date of your return. This information could get you out of a jam if you get into trouble or need help.

Only looking at the photos when booking a hotelIt’s easy for a hotel to put a few pretty pictures online to attract tourists. So before you book, make sure those photos are the real deal—research the location on several different sites and read the comments from people who’ve visited to verify the hotel’s quality and, above all, its authenticity.

Failing to use a map or GPSYou might think you have a great sense of direction, but you’ll probably get lost once or twice during your travels. To avoid spending a significant amount of time going around in circles, make a city map your best friend. If you’re renting a car, make sure it comes with a GPS.

Researchers have built a cellphone that does not need batteries. They say the phone can send and receive calls using power from radio signals or light. A team from the University of Washington in Seattle is currently testing a prototype of the phone. The researchers were able to develop a device that uses much less power than any cellphones use today. This

design allows the new phone to run on very small amounts of electricity. The phone picks up small electrical signals known as radio frequency, or RF waves. Ambient RF waves are all around us. So, as an example, your FM station broadcasts radio waves, your AM stations do that, your TV stations, your cellphone towers. They all are transmitting RF waves.

New Battery free Cellphone Is Powered by Radio Signals

The phone can also convert ambient light into electrical current for power, according to the researchers. The invention demonstrates great progress in new cellphone technology.This battery-free phone is a major leap in terms of the capabilities of battery-free devices. Because now we have a streaming device that can continuously talk as well as receive data, which is basically a phone.

The phone identifies speech going into the microphone and coming out of the speaker. These speech vibrations are then converted into radio signals by a device called a base station. The prototype has been able to operate on power gathered from r adio signals from a base s ta tion up to nine meters away, according

to the resear ch ers. Using power from ambient light, it has communicated with a base statio n up to 15

meters away.

The team says the base station operating model could eventually be widely used by putting the technology in existing cellphone towers and Wi-Fi systems. The researchers demonstrated the phone in a test with the calling service Skype. During the test, the device received an incoming call, made an outgoing call and was able to put callers on hold.The prototy pe has limited capabilities because it is

not a finished product. For example, users now have to use headphones to hear calls and must also press a button to change between talking and listening. And currently, it can only be used for making calls.However, the team plans to develop new prototypes that coul d handle texting, photos and internet use. They are also working on a version that could use a small solar cell to provide power.

The technology might be able to greatly c hange the capabilities of all ph ones. This includes solving o ne of the biggest problems for all users - dead batteries. In the future every smartpho ne will come with a batter y-free mode where you can at least make a voice call wh en your battery’s dead. The researchers are hoping to complete a finished product within about nine months.

prototype – n. original or first model of something from which others are developed or madeambient – adj. existing in the

surrounding areaconvert – v. change from one thing into another

leap – n. sudden change or improvement in something







meters away.













meters away.







www.Mahan.aero High- Tech




















www.Mahan.aero High- Tech




The first known use of the word capital is in early Middle English, in which it was used as an adjective meaning “of or relating to the head.” It is derived from the Latin adjective capitalis, of the same meaning, which is based on the Latin name for “head,” caput. The word was originally used to indicate something affecting the head, as in “a capital bruise” or “a capital wound.”Injuries to the head can be serious and even fatal; by extension, capital came to describe people or things threatening the loss of life—for example, a capital enemy. Such deadly uses of capital have since died away except in describing crimes, like murder, that are punishable by death or the punishment, as the loss of one’s head, inflicted for such crimes. The other familiar “head” sense of capital refers to a letter standing at the head of a page, passage, or line, and it was also in

Words & their stories

currency about the same time.In Latin, capitalis also meant “chief” or “principal.” That meaning was adopted into English in the 15th century to describe things of importance, such as a city, district, manor, or monastery. Nowadays, the noun capital is commonly used in reference to principal cities. Both the French and Italians adopted capitalis with this sense in the form capitale. Their word eventually came to refer to an essential stock of goods used to enter into business.This financial word worked its way into English in the 16th century from either French or Italian. In time, capital gained more worth with additional meanings, including “accumulated goods to produce other goods” and “accumulated possessions calculated to bring in income.”

Financial Words with Surprising OriginsCapital



Budget goes back to 15th-century England, where it was first a word for a pouch or bundle, and then for the contents of such a pouch. The Romans formed the Latin noun bulga, denoting a leather bag or knapsack, and this noun became bouge when it was taken into Middle French. The French diminutive form of the word, bougette, was also being used for a small bag. English borrowed the word as bowgette in the 15th century, and by the early 17th century had settled on the spelling budget. At the time, the word was used for a leather pouch or wallet and for a leather or skin bottle.In the 16th century, budget had also acquired the sense “a supply or stock,” as in “a budget of contradictions” or “a budget of knowledge.” The most common use of

this sense was in referring to “a budget of news,” such as one might receive in a long newsy letter or from a long-absent relative.Because of its news associations, budget was eventually employed in the names of news periodicals in both the U.S. and Great Britain.The financial sense of budget is first attested in the 18th century, when it was used for a statement of the financial position of a government for the ensuing year based on estimates of expenditures and revenues. By the 1850s, budget began being used in a nongovernmental sense and more generally for a financial account of a family or individual. From this developed the sense of “the money available, required, or assigned to a particular purpose.”

Chess is an ancient game, so it’s not surprising that the word check was used in chess before banking. However, it should be noted that the game of chess did ultimately influence the development of the banking sense of the word. The etymology of check begins with the Persian word shāh, meaning literally “king.” When the king in a game of chess was in danger, Persian players would say “shāh” as a warning to their opponent. Anglo-French players of the game adopted the call as eschec, which entered Middle English as chek.Today, check is applied in a variety of senses having to do with stops, restraints, and hindrances—all of which evolved from the notion of checking the king in chess. One such use refers to something that is

used for verifying accuracy, authenticity, correctness, etc., like the check

(ticket) you receive when

you check baggage. Originally, the check used in banking referred to such a device: a counterfoil, or detachable stub, of a money order that is retained

by the issuer as verification of a transaction. Check was first applied to the counterfoil in the early 18th century and then to the bank draft—the written order directing a bank to pay money as instructed.

Budget

Check

波斯新年，即伊朗的春节在波斯语中叫做“努鲁兹”（Norowz），意思就是“新的一天”。“努

鲁兹”是伊朗人民的传统节日和全国性的节日。节日从伊朗历一月

一日（相当于公历 3 月 21 日或我国的农历春分节）到十三日这段时间，

是真正节气意义上的春天的节日。除了伊朗外，阿富汗、吉尔吉斯

斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、阿塞拜疆、土耳其等国家和我

国新疆部分少数民族也会庆祝“努鲁兹节”，这一节日已经延续了至

少三千年。

“努鲁兹”节源自琐罗亚斯德教，这一天虔诚的拜火教徒在篝火

前吟唱，普通的伊朗人都会通过跳火，守岁，探亲访友，踏青等方

式迎接新的一年。

伊朗新年倒计时欢度努鲁兹节

Norowz - Pe�ian New Year

1

伊朗历带你穿越回 1397伊朗历（又名波斯历或 Jalaali 历）是目前在伊朗和阿富汗使用的阳历。它的历法是古波斯人基于观察天象，而不是

基于规则推算而来。透过从德黑兰（或东经 52.5 度子午线）和喀布尔精确的天文观测，确定每年第一天。每年的公历 3

月 20 日 - 21 日，正式踏入波斯历新年！

波斯新年的“7S”所谓“7S”，是指在新年敲响钟声的时候，伊朗人通常要在餐桌上摆设的七样带有波斯语“S”音的食物或其制成品：

Sir 大蒜、Sanjed 沙枣、Serke 醋、Sib 苹果、Samag 漆树、Sabzeh 青麦苗、

Samunu 麦芽。

这七样东西是有寓意的：苹果是天堂果，象征诞生；大蒜代表健康；金银币

代表财富；麦苗或象征生命力和新鲜；醋代表忍耐；调味香料和麦芽糖代表甜美

的生活；而沙枣因为花很香，是爱情的象征。

除了上述这七种东西外，桌上也会放彩蛋、镜子、蜡烛和金鱼。彩蛋代表种族，

镜子和蜡烛有光明之意。除此外，桌上还摆着《古兰经》、蜡烛、玫瑰香水、镜子、

涂了色彩的鸡蛋、金币和一小缸金鱼。插满春天花朵的花瓶里以及风信子，干果

和甜点也是 7 种吉祥物装饰品的一部分。

根据古老的传统和信仰当每年辞旧迎新之际所有家庭成员都围坐在摆放 7

个吉祥物的桌子跟前。家庭成员在诵读辞旧迎新的祈祷词之后要诵读《古兰经》。

然后家庭中的长者用钱或礼品作为给家庭成员的礼物。此后一家人在愉快的气氛中共进甜点，就新年的到来相互致以祝福。

▲ 水彩画中波斯波利斯宫墙上的

浮雕托起了“七喜桌”

2

5

载歌载舞，欢度新年每年最后一个星期三的伊朗跳火节拉开努鲁兹新年序幕，这有点类似中国大年夜，烟花爆竹，辞旧迎新！跳火节

源自伊朗本土宗教拜火教，即使阿拉伯人入侵，被破皈依伊斯兰教，伊朗人对火的喜爱和崇拜，始终流淌在血液中。

而到了正式过年，伊朗人要隆重庆祝一周。人们涌上街头生起“篝火”

又叫“夜火”然后全家人依次在“夜火“上跳来跳去，表示烧掉晦气，迎来光明，

驱邪除病，幸福永存。当夜幕刚刚降落，便见大街小巷燃起一堆堆篝火。

一家老小围着火堆，在朗朗笑声中跳火开始了。小伙子一马当先，奔腾跨过；

少年体态轻盈，翩翩起舞，飘然渡越；老人在袅袅余烟中缓步穿行；人人

口中念念有词：“黄色（指面黄肌瘦，身体萎弱）予你；红色（指红光满面，

体格健壮）给我”；祈求在新的一年无病无灾，永葆健康。跳“祝火”结束后，

少女们披着面纱，三三两两，结伴而行，边击银勺，边哼小曲，走邻访舍，

索取糖果，名曰“讨吉利”。她们还站在阴影下或街巷拐角处，偷听过往行

人的谈话，并用听到的第一句话来卜算自己明年的吉凶。

新年前三天，伊朗人的主要活动是走亲访友，主人拿出各种美味甜点

心和干果，款待客人。宴主或坐在茶炊旁饮茶，谈天说地，或围着一个大

水烟袋轮流吸烟，欢度良辰。

不仅是庆祝，年轻人的求婚很多也会选在新年期间。比较特别的是，伊朗人以十三为不吉利，反而会挑新年的第

十三天，全家结伴出游。

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Spanish

20 de abril uno de los acontecimientos más importantes del calendario persa y una de las

fiestas de Irán más celebradas, el año nuevo persa o el Noruz (no=nuevo + ruz=día, nuevo

día en persa)

Año nuevo persa o año nuevo iraní: Noruz

Esta fiesta en Irán se celebra con la llegada de la primavera, cada año se celebra un día y

hora diferente. Se celebra también en Azerbaiyán, Afganistán, Uzbekistán, Tayikistán, Turk-

menistán, Pakistán, partes de India y entre los kurdos. También se celebra en Turquía y

algunos países de Asia Central.

Significado de Noruz, el año nuevo persa

Estas fiestas de Irán tienen la representación simbólica de dos conceptos antiguos; Fin y

Renacimiento. Se conmemora el despertar de la naturaleza tras los largos meses de invierno

y la esperanza de un año fértil. Trayendo esperanza, paz al mundo.

Preparación y celebración de Noruz, el año nuevo persa o año nuevo iraní

Durante los días previos a estas fiestas de Irán, es tradición que las familias limpien a fondo

sus casas como símbolo de purificación y renueven desde los utensilios del hogar hasta la

ropa ya que es un símbolo de buen augurio con la llegada del año nuevo. Por lo que durante

estas fechas aumentan considerablemente las ventas en todo tipo de negocios.

Las siete eses (Haft Sin) del año nuevo persa

Cuando se acercan estas fiestas de Irán, el país tiene como costumbre preparar y decorar

sus mesas a conciencia. Deben seguir un ritual, como manda la tradición del Haft Sin ( las

siete eses, ‘’S’’), deberán colocar siete elementos cuyo nombre en farsi empieza por ‘’s’’ y

cada uno de ellos tiene un significado distinto:

1.Sabzeh. Brotes germinados de trigo o de lentejas adornados con un lazo rojo, simboliza

remamiento, la nueva vida.

2.Sekke. Monedas de oro, simboliza riqueza y prosperidad.

3.Senyed. Fruto del ‘’olivo rojo’’, simboliza la fertilidad y el amor.

4.Sir. Ajo, simboliza la salud.

5.Sib. Manzana, simboliza la belleza y el deseo.

6.Zumaque. (una especia), simboliza el amanecer y la conquista de la luz, por su color.

7.Serkeh. Vinagre, simboliza la madurez y la paciencia.

Además, se añaden otros elementos como: una pecera con peces de colores para que at-

raigan la buena suerte, un espejo que es el símbolo de la autorreflexión en la literatura persa

y huevos pintados que representan la fecundidad. El libro del Corán siempre está presente

como símbolo de la fe y suelen iluminar la mesa con velas y adornos decorativos.

Noruz o el Año Nuevo Persa

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Spanish

Fiestas de Irán en familia

Durante los 13 días que duran estas fiestas en Irán los iraníes viajan y hacen visitas a famil-

iares y amigos siempre empezando por aquellos que tienen más edad. Los más pequeños

reciben regalos o dinero, y como curiosidad los billetes siempre han de ser nuevos. Tam-

bién es muy común ver a gente haciendo hogueras y saltar sobre sus llamas. El día 13, el úl-

timo día de esta fiesta, las familias y amigos se reúnen en el campo y los parques, donde es

tradición llevar los brotes germinados de trigo o lentejas. A estos se les hacen nudos en los

tallos que representan deseos, para posteriormente ser lanzados a un río con la esperanza

de que estos se hagan realidad.

Después se comenzarán un año con fertilidad, alegría con muchas esperanzas.

Zeinab sadat serki


مقبــرة شــمس تبريــزي مــن االماکــن الســياحية لمدينــة خــوي فــي بمحافظة آذربيجــان الغربيــة، والتــي تشــهد ســنويًا اقامــة مراســم لتكريــم هــذا العــارف والشــاعر الوطنــي الكبيــر، حيــث يقصدهــا ســنويًا عشــاق ومحبو شــمس من

مدينــة خــوي نفســها ومــن باقــي المــدن االيرانيــة وحتــی مــن دول الجــوار.فــي مقبــرة شــمس تبريــزي توجــد منــارة باســم »منــارة شــمس تبريــزي«، ــاه ــوي الش ــك الصف ــد المل ــن عه ــة م ــة المتبقي ــع األثري ــن المواق ــي م وه

ــماعيل. اسالواجهــة الخارجيــة لهــذه المنــارة مزدانة بقــرون کبش وحشــي اصطاده الشــاه اســماعيل طــوال اربعيــن يومــًا أقــام فــي جبل »تشــله خانــه« بمدينــة خوي.

مقبــرة شــمس تبريــزي کانــت تحيطهــا فــي ســالف العصــور ثــاث منــارات، بيــد أّن الهــزة االرضيــة طالــت إثنتيــن مــن هــذه المنــارات الثــاث، وبقيــت

منــارة واحــدة ســالمة ماثلــة للعيــان.محمــد بــن علــي بــن ملــك داد تبريــزي الملقــب بشــمس الديــن أعــام أحــد هــو هـــ.ق( 645-582( تبريــزي شــمس أو القــرن فــي المشــهورين بالفارســية الناطقيــن والشــعراء المتصوفــة تبريــزي(. شــمس )مقــاالت باســم کتــاب لــه الهجــري. الســابع

ــارف ــاعر الع ــتاذ الش ــزي کان اس ــمس تبري ــی أن ش ــارة ال ــدر االش وتجــا. ــروف بموالن ــد المع ــن محم ــال الدي ج

منارة شمس تبريزي

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ــي ــة ف ــة النائم ــدن الهادئ ــدى الم ــر أح ــارك تعتب ــاء کن ــة ومين مدينأحضــان محافظــة سيســتان وبلوشســتان والمطلــة علــی ســاحل بحــر عمــان، وهــي تعــد مــن المــدن النموذجيــة التــي تتجلــی فــي معالــم التعايــش بيــن القوميــات والطوائــف حيــث يعيــش الســنة والشــيعة مــع بعــض إخــوة متحابيــن تحت لــواء اإلســام العظيــم والۆهــم للجمهورية ــمون األحــزان اإلســامية يقيمــون شــعائرهم بــكل حريــة يتقاس

ــبات. ــراح والمناس واألفتقــع کنــارك جنــوب محافظــة سيســتان وبلوشســتان، وتبلغ مســاحتها ــع فيمــا يبلــغ عــدد ســكانها 82000 نســمة. ــر مرب 11567 کيلومتــة ــار شــرقًا، ومدين ــاء جابه ــة نيكشــهر شــمااًل، ومين ــا مدين تجاورهجاســك فــي محافظــة هرمــزکان غربــًا، فيمــا تطــل علــی ســاحل بحر عمــان جنوبــًا. ومــن المناطــق التابعــة لكنــارك رصيــف ومينــاء بُــزم )Pozm( لصيــد االســماك، حيــث يســتقبل أهالــي هــذا المينــاء فــي هذا الفصــل مــن الســنة الســياح مــن أقصــی مناطــق إيــران بــكل حفــاوة

وترحيــب.

السياحة في ايران

مدينة وميناء کنارك وساحل ُبزم في محافظة سيستان وبلوشستانتقــع بــزم علــی بعــد 9 کيلومتــرات مــن مرکــز کنــارك و 759 کيلومتــر مــن زاهــدان )مرکــز المحافظــة(. ويعمــل %90 مــن ســكانها فــي صيد االســماك امــا الباقــون فيمارســون األعمــال الحــرة وخدمــة الســياح. ــاك ــن کمــا أن هن ــوارب الصيادي ــف لرســو ق ــزم رصي ــي ب ويوجــد فــب ــدد مراک ــغ ع ــمكية، ويبل ــتقات الس ــاج المش ــل إلنت ــة معام أربعالصياديــن حوالــي 100 لنــج و170 قــارب. ويحــط فــي بــزم کل عــام عــدة أنــواع مــن الطيــور المهاجــرة لبنــاء أعشاشــها والتكاثــر وقضــاء

فصــل الشــتاء فــي هــذه المنطقــة. ونظــرا لــدفء ميــاه خليــج عمــان فــي هــذا الفصــل مــن العــام فإنهــا ــي ــرد والشــتاء لمــن يرغــب ف ــًا مناســبًا لقضــاء فصــل الب تعــد مكانــي ــس ربيع ــتمتاع بطق ــع واإلس ــوج والصقي ــرد والثل ــن الب ــاد ع اإلبتعدافــئ والســباحة فــي ميــاه البحــر الدافئــة. لذلــك وبالنيابــة عــن أهالي کنــارك وبــزم الطيبيــن والشــرفاء أهــل الكــرم والضيافــة ندعوکــم لقضاء ــي فصــل الشــتاء ــة ف ــج عمــان الدافئ ــاه خلي ــي حضــن مي ــات ف أوق

واإلبتعــاد عــن الثلــوج والبــرد.

125 ماهنامه داخل پروازی ماهان Mahan Inflight Magazine اسفند 96

الدق بالمالعق في »چهارشنبه سوري«الــدق بالماعــق، کان تقليــدا آخــر مــن التقاليــد المتبعــة فــي »چهارشــنبه ســوري«، وتجســيدا الســتضافة الفروهــرات اي االرواح باللغــة الزرادتشــية. الن الملعقــة والصحــن النحاســي ــون ــی يفرش ــون القدام ــام. وکان االيراني ــاکل والطع ــز ل رمموائــد تضــم مختلــف االطعمــة علــی اســطح المنــازل الســتضافة هــؤالء الضيــوف النــزالء تــوا مــن الســماء وبمــا ان هــذه االرواح خفيــة وغيــر مرئيــة فــكان البعــض يذهــب لــدق الماعــق ملثميــن ومغطيــن وجوههــم ليبقــوا متنكريــن ــرات ــذاء والمكس ــرون الغ ــوا يعتب ــا کان ــد ولم ــم أح اليعرفهالطعــام الخــاص بالفروهرييــن لذلــك فانهــم کانــوا يتفاۆلــون

خيــرا بــكل مــا يحصلــون عليــه.

صورة المير النوروزي مــن المظاهــر المصطنعــة، صــورة الميــر النــوروزي اي تبــدل مــكان الســيد والعبــد. ففــي هــذا التقليــد و بهــدف الترفيــه ينتخبــون شــخصا مــن الطبقــة الدنيــا مــن المجتمــع لبضعــة ايــام او بضــع ســاعات ســلطانا. امــا الســلطان المؤقــت )طبقــا لقواعــد اللعبــة( فــاذا اصــدر اوامــر فيی

غيــر محلهــا فانــه ســتنزع عنــه ثــوب الســلطنة.

وجه اسود باسم حجي فيروزليــس مــن دواعــي الدهشــة والعجــب ان تبــدأ فــي کل ــد بشــكل حماســي صــوب وحــدب مراســم هــذا العيوعشــوائي؛ اذ ان العشــوائية واحــدة مــن مظاهــر ــان ــدون ب ــا يعتق ــون قديم ــد کان االيراني ــوروز. لق النــتقرار ــة الاس ــدوء وحال ــذورا لله ــدوء ج ــة الاه حالجــذورا لاســتقرار والســكينة والهــدوء ومــا اکثــر هــذه ــيم ــن مراس ــا ضم ــي ايجاده ــد ف ــي يتعم ــر الت الظواه

ــوروز. النــي ــة تعن ــة ناري ــروز جيئ ــاج في ــئ الح ــورة مج ان صعــودة الموتــی حيــث کان االيرانيــون القدامــی يعتقــدون ان ارواح الموتــی تعــود ثانيــة متمثليــن بافــراد يضعــون اقنعــة ســوداء علــی وجوههــم يجوبــون االزقــة ــن ــل بي ــق الفواص ــذا الطري ــرون به ــوارع ويكس والش

ــدم. ــود والع ــاة والوج ــوت والحي الم

حـول ایـران www.Mahan.aero

ماهنامه داخل پروازی ماهان Mahan Inflight Magazine اسفند 96 125

زرع الخضار رمز البركة والخصوبة ــدأ ــاث يب ــب االث ــزل وترتي ــف المن ــم تنظي ــي خض فــد النــوروز بانبــات االيرانيــون قبــل 20 يومــا مــن عيالحبــوب فــي صحــون واوانــي خاصــة. کان االيرانيــون القدامــی يعتبــرون حبــوب القمــح والشــعير واالرز والعــدس واللوبيــاء والعــدس والحمــص والسمســم والباقــاء و الــذرة والمــاش متبرکــة بالعــدد ســبعة او 12 بعــدد االبــراج المقــدس وکانــوا يزرعونهــا داخــل الطيــن ــون خيــرا عندمــا تخضــر علــی أمــل ان الخــام ويتفاۆلتكــون فــي الســنة الجديــدة مصــدر البرکــة والخصوبــة.

سكب الماء او رش الماء قالــوا ان عيــد ســكب المــاء کان مــن طقــوس وتقاليــد شــهر تيــر )الشــهر الرابــع مــن الســنة الهجريــة الشمســية( فاضيــف فيما بعــد الی مراســم عيد

النــوروز وان ســبع ســنوات عجاف ســادت قبــل ســنوات طويلة.وضــاق النــاس ذرعــا مــن الجفــاف فتوجهــوا الــی الصحــراء للدعــاء والصــاة وطلــب هطــول االمطــار وعندمــا جــادت ســحب الرحمــة االلهيــة بالمطــر، عمــت البهجــة القلــوب واخــذ النــاس يقيمــون مراســم البهجــة والســرور ســنويا ويرشــون فــي وجــوه بعضهــم البعــض المــاء ومــاء الــورد

تعبيــرا عــن الشــكر للخالــق علــی هــذه. هنــاك الكثيــر مــن النــاس مازالــوا يســتقبلون ضيوفهــم فــي عيــد النــوروز بمــاء الــورد.

من مراسم عيد النوروز

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