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Proprietary and Confidential
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
This document contains trade secrets or otherwise confidential information owned by Calix, Inc. Access to and use of this information is strictly limited and controlled by
Calix. This document and the information contained herein may not be used, disclosed, or reproduced, in whole or in part, without the prior written authorization of Calix.
The information contained in this presentation is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code, or functionality.
The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for our products remain at our sole discretion.
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Proprietary and Confidential 2
What is MoCA?
MoCA is an open industry standards consortium.
MoCA technology provides the bandwidth reliability for in-home backbones and multi-room content sharing.
Every house with coax becomes a connected home and the foundation for a better wireless experience.
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The Pro’s and Con’s
Pro’s
It’s easy to install
Cheap and easy to find
Fast= Speeds up to 1.2Gig
Con’s
Interference issues with thing like compressors and lights
Not a good solution for IPTV applications.
Proprietary and Confidential
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
This document contains trade secrets or otherwise confidential information owned by Calix, Inc. Access to and use of this information is strictly limited and controlled by
Calix. This document and the information contained herein may not be used, disclosed, or reproduced, in whole or in part, without the prior written authorization of Calix.
The information contained in this presentation is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code, or functionality.
The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for our products remain at our sole discretion.
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Which do you want to hear first? Good news or bad news?
What’s in your technology toolbox?
Solutions, installation, and maintenance
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MDU percentage of all sized units has doubled in last 5 years
Townhomes, garden style, mid-rise, and high-rises are reshaping U.S. cities
Millennials (largest demographic) are driving this trend
85% of buyers / renters consider broadband important
(Broadband Communities, May 2015)
On a constant and steady growth curve
Year 5+ Units (%)
2015 38%
2014 35%
2013 31.7%
2012 29.9%
2011 27.4%
2010 17.7%
2009 17.6%
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Easy to learn where contractors are building
• Planning / zoning boards, Chamber of Commerce
• County Clerk: building permits
Service providers are educating developers on wiring specs (BICSI, etc.) driving more fiber
Growth in deploying fiber to / inside MDUs
Growing deployment of fiber
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Offering site inspections to MDU owners to determine changes for improved broadband
Educating MDU managers on the value of a strong broadband offering
Incentivizing managers to market broadband
• Pay commission for new subscribers
• Sponsor open houses and HOA events
• Gift bags for new tenants
Working with MDU owners and managers
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Only 66% of managers believe broadband is important – disconnected subscriber’s needs!
(Broadband Communities, May 2015)
Pulling fiber is costly and time consuming
• Difficult to access risers (insufficient conduit)
• Buildings vary – centralized vs. distributed closets
• Limited placement (physically, HOA rules, environmental)
Focusing on the existing copper
• Range of wiring standards – CAT3, CAT1 aka flat wire
Strong competitive presences of DOCSIS 3.0
Addressing your pain points
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When fiber is not cost effective
VDSL2
vectored
G.fast Bonded
G.fast
Gigabit N/A N/A <=700ft
600Mbps N/A <=600ft <=1200ft
100Mbps <=1500 ft <=1800ft <=2250ft
Rate@500ft 160 Mbps 720 Mbps 1300 Mbps
Rate@1 kft (Type 1 MDUs) 150 Mbps 400 Mbps 700 Mbps
Rate@2 kft 85 Mbps 85 Mbps 150 Mbps
Wiring requirementsUses existing
twisted pair
Uses existing
twisted pair
and coax
Uses existing
twisted pairs
and coax
Standard availability “Now” “Now” “Now”
note: Approximate Rates are aggregate (downstream + upstream)1
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MDU solutions
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FTTB – Centralized ONTs FTTFlr – Distributed ONTs FTTH – ONTs at living unit
Fiber to buildingThe first way to deploy fiber in a small to
mid-size MDU is to place the ONTs in one
central location
Fiber to floorThe second method of deploying fiber
into an MDU is distributing ONTs by
placing them along a fiber riser on
different floors of the building and then
running horizontal copper to living
units
Fiber to living unitThe third method for deploying fiber into
an MDU is to run fiber to each unit,
where it is terminated at a SFU ONT
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Small and medium MDUs can be served by ONTs in one central location
This approach is limited by the reach of Ethernet over CAT5, which is limited to 100 meters
VDSL2 is often used inside the building to overcome the limitations of CAT5 distances
FTTB – Centralized
ONTsInterior and Exterior
Mounting Options
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The second method of deploying fiber into an MDU is placing MDU ONTs on multiple floors in each building
Typically used in larger MDUs, that exceed the 100 meter CAT5 Ethernet distance limitation
Multiple locations need to be provided, along with power sources that can be charged to the operator or building owner
FTTFloor – Distributed ONTsWall and Rack
Mount Options
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The third method for deploying fiber into an MDU is to run fiber to each unit, where it is terminated at an SFU ONT
ONTs are powered by the subscriber
An aesthetically pleasing and cost effective system for handling long fiber runs is required
FTTH – ONTs/RSGs in
MDU living unit
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Proprietary and Confidential
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
This document contains trade secrets or otherwise confidential information owned by Calix, Inc. Access to and use of this information is strictly limited and controlled by
Calix. This document and the information contained herein may not be used, disclosed, or reproduced, in whole or in part, without the prior written authorization of Calix.
The information contained in this presentation is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code, or functionality.
The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for our products remain at our sole discretion.
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The MDU Wi-Fi challenge
Planning for success
Tools to maintain the experience
Strategic initiative: Deliver the gigabit experience to MDUs
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The MDU Wi-Fi challenge
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Corporate IT objective
Maximize coverage
Minimize cost of deployment
Optimize throughput
Characteristics of an enterprise
One closed wireless system
Multiple wireless access points (APs) serving everyone
“Rogue APs” are removed
One building example
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Service provider objectives
Maximum coverage per living unit
Minimize interference to neighbors
Optimize for user experience
Characteristics of an MDU
One closed wireless system per living unit
Multiple living units in close proximity
Neighboring access points (APs) are a fact of life
One floor of a multi-dwelling unit building
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Planning for success
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Channel 36
Coverage Zone
-67 dBm
Common Wi-Fi challenge
Adjacent APs use the same channel
An AP must yield the channel if it hears any transmission
These signals propagate far!
Interference
Zone: -82 dBm
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Design goals
One AP per living unit (most cases)
Minimize interference to neighboring APs
• Remember, the whole building is your “system” to optimize
Avoid interference from neighbors
• Even APs you cannot control
Techniques and technology
Minimize power levels
Use more channels
• Use 5 GHz aggressively
• Use DFS band when possible
• Reduce channel widths
Directional signals – work smarter, not harder
• Beamforming, power control, MU-MIMO
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Apartment complex deployment
163 living units – three buildings, three floors
GigaCenter in each unit for voice and data
Concerns about interference with default settings
Case study: Apartment complex
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Predictive design
Use software tools to model structure, APs, and attenuation
Produce maps of predicted RSSI, SNR, PHY rates
Generate optimized channel plans (channel and power) in 3D
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The figure above shows the predictive signal strength throughout the floor.
In this example the signal is predicted to be well above -67dBm throughout.
Result: The power level is sufficient at all points to sustain connectivity.
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Deploy APs as specified in predictive design
Walk site with data capture tools to validate prediction
AIterate design if necessary (adjust power, channels, etc.)
Validation survey
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G.fast
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Calix is key player in the G.fastindustry
Calix is a regular contributor in WT-301 standard
Calix is the editor of the G.fastPlugfest Interoperability Test Plan
G.fast standard status
G.fast standard was ratified by the ITU December 5, 2014
G.fast Interoperability Plugfestcompleted June 5, 2015
G.fast certification through BBF IOL Oct– Q1 2016
• Calix products will be included in the IOL Certification Lab
Deployments planned for 2016
• Field trials underway
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TODAY!
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Calix – the only vendor to demonstrate this
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FTTB/FTTdp – Deep fiber, short loop copper applications
Reduce CAPEX and installation complexity with line power
Optional multi-pair bonded copper FTTN -> FTTdp for backhaul
Reverse power for FTTdp locations
Forward
Power
FTTN FTTB
FTTd
p
Reverse Power
Local
Power
Extending fiber deep into the network – FTTB/FTTdp
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Fiber to the distribution point
*Initial Release GPON only
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Single-visit installation and activation
1 GPON/GE auto sensing uplink*
16 subscriber ports
Technician friendly access
Tool-less pedestal installation
Pedestal, pole, manhole, strand
Sealed 6-point environmentally controlled
Hinge mounted top cover for field access
Standard 5/32 pin-in-hex captive fasteners
Hardened enclosure – IP-67, GR-950
Power
Line, local AC power
Reverse power (future)
Proprietary and Confidential
801F / FB GigaPoint – 1Q 2016
Single and bonded pair options
Single LAN Interface
External battery options
Table top / wall mount
844F GigaCenter – 2Q 2016
Single or bonded option
4 Port LAN
2 POTS ports
Carrier Class Wi-Fi (802.11ac/4x4 MIMO)
844E
801F, 801FB or
3rd Party Modem
844F
E3-16F or
E5-16F
+
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Proprietary and Confidential
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
This document contains trade secrets or otherwise confidential information owned by Calix, Inc. Access to and use of this information is strictly limited and controlled by Calix. This document and the information contained herein
may not be used, disclosed, or reproduced, in whole or in part, without the prior written authorization of Calix.
The information contained in this presentation is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code, or functionality.
The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for our products remain at our sole discretion.
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Proprietary and Confidential
Single-visit install and activation
Technician friendly
Sealed and environmentally controlled
Line, AC or reverse (future) power
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Co
exis
ten
ce
Ele
me
nt
(CE
)
NGPON2 or XGS-PON
GPON
GPON
XGS-PON or
NGPON2
Business solutions
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40 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
The information contained in this presentation is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation
to deliver any material, code, or functionality. The development, release, and timing of any
features or functionality described for our products remain at our sole discretion.
How to Optimize Wireless Broadband
at Home - Session 1
Impact 2015
November 4th 2015
Ben Chan
41 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential41
Agenda
• Market Trends
• Wi-Fi Environments
• How To Optimize Wi-Fi
• Open Q&A
42 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
Wi-Fi by the Numbers
Source: ABI Research Jan. 2015
Worldwide
Billion devices sold worldwide
Million new devices every day
Billion devices in use today
10
6.5
4.6
43 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
The Drivers for Faster Broadband
More
Devices
More
Videos
More
Apps
44 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
Internet Traffic Carried over Wi-Fi
Continues to Increase
63% of Internet traffic over Wi-Fi by 2019
EB
per
mo
nth
* 1 EB=1 Billion Gigabytes or 36,000 years of HD video
45 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
Your Customers
7.2 Wi-Fi connected devices in average US home
60% of millennials
use subscription video
(Netflix, Hulu, etc.)
72% of consumers
want high speed Internet
in every room
46 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
The Problem.
Challenges with Multiple
Devices
Existing 802.11n
Wi-Fi
Contention for Wi-Fi access Communicates with one device at a
time
Contention for bandwidth Few channels for Internet traffic, at
low speeds
Multiple locations near and far from
Wi-Fi access point
Can’t reach all locations, signal
weakens
Multiple technologies Mixed devices degrade overall
performance
Best effort connectivity Unpredictable behavior
of consumers have issues with
their Wi-Fi service 63%
47 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
Wi-Fi Retail Marketing MathMaximum PHY rate and max data rate
*with the same capability client
Standard PHY rate per
stream
(Mbps)
Data rate per
stream
(Mbps)
MIMO
Stream
802.11ac (80MHz) 433 260 1 to 8
802.11n (40MHz) 150 75 1 to 4
802.11n (20MHz) 72 36 1 to 4
802.11a/g 54 27 --
Example: 3x3 802.11ac with 80 MHz
3 x 433 Mbps = 1300 Mbps
Maximum data rate is about 60% of PHY rate
Max Data Rate = 1300 Mbps x 0.6 = 780 Mbps
48 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
Multipath Environment
49 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
U.S. 2.4 and 5 GHz Spectrum5 GHz has 7x more bandwidth than 2.4GHz, up to 26 channels with DFS
2.4 GHz Band
5 GHz Band
Weather Radar
50 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
Unrestricted Access to Speed at 5GHz
More lanes, higher speeds, less congested
1000
2.4GHz 802.11n 5GHz 802.11ac with DFS
180
51 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
How To Optimize Wireless In Home?
• Location, Location, and Location
• High, central, unobstructed “view” (not in the basement..)
• Minimize obstacles: Keep AP away from metal and wall.
Don’t put AP in metal enclosure!
• Avoid Interference
• With neighbors’ APs and select the right channel
• In home devices (cordless phone, blue tooth devices,
microwave ovens, baby monitors,..)
• Check signal strength (Transmit and Receive)
• Upgrade device more than 5 years old!
• Leverage dual radio AP to create more capacity
• Move bandwidth intense devices to 5GHz
• Replace or turn off unused old devices
52 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
The Ideal LocationHigh, Central, Unobstructed “view”
Signal strength
weaken as a
result of range
53 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
The Effect Of Building Materials
54 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
The Impact of AP Location
55 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
Avoid These Locations
56 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
The Solution
Features Benefits
Ease of
Installation
• Fast service roll-out; time-to-revenue
• Reduce operation expense
Carrier Class
Wi-Fi
• Advanced MIMO technologies for better coverage
• Significant higher speed and multi-user
Advanced
Analytics
• Quick, intuitive remote diagnosis tools
• Actionable recommendation engine
Cloud-based
Management
• Superior subscriber experience
• Scalable to grow with business needs
57 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
The Dual Band Concurrent Radios
Leveraging the 5GHz capacity for higher speed and coverage
2x2:2 802.11n 2.4GHz Wi-Fi:
Up to 180Mbps maximum capacity.
Backward compatible to legacy devices
with 11b, 11g, and 11n radios
4x4:4 802.11ac 5GHz Wi-Fi:
Up to 1Gbps maximum capacity. Designed
for high capacity 11ac clients. Capable to
deliver video over Wi-Fi, super fast
download and streaming to multiple
devices simultaneously
58 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
…and the remote
diagnostic/analytic tools
59 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
Why are Wi-Fi analytics important?
Carrier Grade Wi-Fi is not ‘best effort’
Expectations are the same as for wired service
IPTV and VoIP Services need higher Quality of
Experience than casual web browsing and email
Wi-Fi is an important element of enhanced customer
experience but often the largest source of consumer
complaints
Wi-Fi analytics provides the tools needed to prevent,
troubleshoot, and resolve problems remotely
60 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
A Closer Look at Common Wi-Fi Issues
Airtime congestion
Exceed usage for the capacity of the channelLOADING…
Poor signal strength
Client is located too far away from router or behind
a barrier that degrades service
Interference
Competing wireless signals that overlap or adjacent
channel interference
Interoperability issues
Standard complexity and many product variations
generate interoperability issues
61 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
Air Time UtilizationDetermine the Health of the Channel
The ‘air time’ of the operational
channel is divided into a ‘pie chart’
The chart is divided into free time
(unused), used (by the AP or
associated clients) or interference (by
other Wi-Fi and/or non-Wi-Fi signals)
Air time is valuable. High data rate
taking up less airtime and make it
available for all other devices
62 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
Wi-Fi Site ScanA Powerful Remote Diagnostic Tool
Busyness: Utilization of the channel AP SSID and power level
63 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
Device ParametersIdentify the Potential Issues
Radio Type of Client Device (802.11/a/b/g/n/ac)
Determine the max data rate a client can achieve
Downstream (DS) and Upstream (US) physical rates
As a rule of thumb, this is twice the TCP data throughput due to overhead
Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) per Device
Strength of the signal is measured by the receiver in units of signal power (dBm)
64 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
Summary
Optimize Wi-Fi Broadband is more than hardware
Remote analytic tools are needed for better Wi-Fi experience
1 A set of metrics to benchmark Wi-Fi
performance
2 Include measurements per radio and
per client base
3 Recommendation engine provides
actionable advice
65 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
Q&A
Proprietary and Confidential 67
Maximum data rate is 40%-60% of PHY rate due to protocol overhead
5 GHz (11ac/80MHz)
Client
AP
Legacy 11a
client
Max data rate
1x1 11ac (smart
phone/laptop)
Max data rate
2x2 11ac (iPhone
6S/laptop)
Max data rate
3x3 11ac
(STB/Ext.)
Max data rate
4x4 11ac (Carrier
STB/Ext.)
Max data rate
Typical 4x4 54M 433M 867M 1300M 1733M
Typical 3x3 54M 433M 867M 1300M 1300M
Typical 2x2 54M 433M 867M 867M 867M
2.4 GHz (11n/20MHz)
Client
AP
Legacy 11g
client
Max data rate
1x1 11n (iPhone
4/laptop)
Max data rate
2x2 11n (iPhone
6S/laptop)
Max data rate
3x3 11n
(STB/Ext.)
Max data rate
4x4 11n (Carrier
STB/Ext.)
Max data rate
Typical 4x4 54M 72M 144M 216M 289M
Typical 3x3 54M 72M 144M 216M 216M
Typical 2x2 54M 72M 144M 144M 144M
5 GHz (11n/40MHz)
Client
AP
Legacy 11a
client
Max data rate
1x1 11n (iPhone
4/laptop)
Max data rate
2x2 11n (iPhone
6S/laptop)
Max data rate
3x3 11n
(STB/Ext.)
Max data rate
4x4 11n (Carrier
STB/Ext.)
Max data rate
Typical 4x4 54M 150M 300M 450M 600M
Typical 3x3 54M 150M 300M 450M 450M
Typical 2x2 54M 150M 300M 300M 300M
2.4GHz
11n
5GHz
11n
5GHz
11ac
Maximum rate is limited by the lowest capability of AP and Client
Proprietary and Confidential 68
Set appropriate expectations
Standards and
maximum data rate
Smartphones Tablets Laptops Other devices
11g/a @2.4GHz/5GHz
54Mbps
iPhone 3G -- Discontinued in laptop in 2013 Apple TV – Gen 1
1x1 11n @2.4GHz only
72Mbps
iPhone 4/4S -- Between 2009-2016 Apple TV - Gen 2, Amazon
Fire TV, Smart TVs prior to
2013
1x1 11n @
2.4GHz/5GHz
150Mbps
iPhone 5/5S iPad 2 Between 2009-2014
Transition to 11n/11ac in 2013
Roku 1/2/3
Xbox 360, PS-3, Wii-U
Prior 2013 smart TVs
1x1 11ac @5GHz
433Mbps
Google Nexus 6,
Galaxy S4,
Samsung Note,
HTC One
Amazon Fire, Samsung
Galaxy Mega 6.3, Note
III, SM-P600, Xperia
Z…
Most of 2015 or later main
stream laptops/notebooks
such as (Dell, HP,
Chromebooks, and others)
Most of 2015 or later 4K TVs
(VIZIO, Samsung, Sony…)
Apple TV – Gen 3&4, Roku 4
Netgear AC600 USB
2x2 11ac @5GHz
867Mbps
iPhone 6/6S,
Galaxy S6/S7
iPad Air 2, iPad Pro,
Surface Pro 4
Macbook Air, Dell E7450, HP
TPC-Q013
Xbox one, USB: Netgear
AC1200, Linksys WUSB6300
4x4 11ac @5GHz
1733Mbps
-- -- -- Amino Kamai 6 STB, Arris VIP
5602
69 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
MIMO TechnologyAn example of 4x4:4 radio system
• Multiplexing Gain – Transmit multiple streams independently
at the same time
• Beamforming Gain – Gain achieved by tuning antenna to the
direction of arrival of the desired signal
Tx1
Tx2
Tx3
Tx4
Rx1
Rx2
Rx3
Rx4
D
S
P
Multi-Path
Channel
Transmit Data Receive Data
70 © Calix – Proprietary and Confidential
Why is MU-MIMO Important?
MU-MIMO (Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output)
is using advanced beamforming and MIMO technologies to enable
simultaneous AP-to-client transmission. It’s most effective with 4x4
radio that digitally steers multiple independent signals to each client
without interfere each other. It increases network throughput for more
devices and higher speed at the same time
Many Wi-Fi clients are still 1x1 or 2x2 and will remain that
way, with these clients, the Wi-Fi channel is being used
inefficiently when connected to a 4x4 AP
This can cause the air time to be consumed by inefficient clients
MU-MIMO allows 1x1 or 2x2 clients to use the channel
efficiently
Leaving more capacity for all clients
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Maximum data rate is 40%-60% of PHY rate due to protocol overhead
5 GHz (11ac/80MHz)
Client
AP
Legacy 11a
client
Max data rate
1x1 11ac (smart
phone/laptop)
Max data rate
2x2 11ac (iPhone
6S/laptop)
Max data rate
3x3 11ac
(STB/Ext.)
Max data rate
4x4 11ac (Carrier
STB/Ext.)
Max data rate
Typical 4x4 54M 433M 867M 1300M 1733M
Typical 3x3 54M 433M 867M 1300M 1300M
Typical 2x2 54M 433M 867M 867M 867M
2.4 GHz (11n/20MHz)
Client
AP
Legacy 11g
client
Max data rate
1x1 11n (iPhone
4/laptop)
Max data rate
2x2 11n (iPhone
6S/laptop)
Max data rate
3x3 11n
(STB/Ext.)
Max data rate
4x4 11n (Carrier
STB/Ext.)
Max data rate
Typical 4x4 54M 72M 144M 216M 289M
Typical 3x3 54M 72M 144M 216M 216M
Typical 2x2 54M 72M 144M 144M 144M
5 GHz (11n/40MHz)
Client
AP
Legacy 11a
client
Max data rate
1x1 11n (iPhone
4/laptop)
Max data rate
2x2 11n (iPhone
6S/laptop)
Max data rate
3x3 11n
(STB/Ext.)
Max data rate
4x4 11n (Carrier
STB/Ext.)
Max data rate
Typical 4x4 54M 150M 300M 450M 600M
Typical 3x3 54M 150M 300M 450M 450M
Typical 2x2 54M 150M 300M 300M 300M
2.4GHz
11n
5GHz
11n
5GHz
11ac
Maximum rate is limited by the lowest capability of AP and Client
Proprietary and Confidential7
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Set appropriate expectations
Standards and
maximum data rate
Smartphones Tablets Laptops Other devices
11g/a @2.4GHz/5GHz
54Mbps
iPhone 3G -- Discontinued in laptop in 2013 Apple TV – Gen 1
1x1 11n @2.4GHz only
72Mbps
iPhone 4/4S -- Between 2009-2016 Apple TV - Gen 2, Amazon
Fire TV, Smart TVs prior to
2013
1x1 11n @
2.4GHz/5GHz
150Mbps
iPhone 5/5S iPad 2 Between 2009-2014
Transition to 11n/11ac in 2013
Roku 1/2/3
Xbox 360, PS-3, Wii-U
Prior 2013 smart TVs
1x1 11ac @5GHz
433Mbps
Google Nexus 6,
Galaxy S4,
Samsung Note,
HTC One
Amazon Fire, Samsung
Galaxy Mega 6.3, Note
III, SM-P600, Xperia
Z…
Most of 2015 or later main
stream laptops/notebooks
such as (Dell, HP,
Chromebooks, and others)
Most of 2015 or later 4K TVs
(VIZIO, Samsung, Sony…)
Apple TV – Gen 3&4, Roku 4
Netgear AC600 USB
2x2 11ac @5GHz
867Mbps
iPhone 6/6S,
Galaxy S6/S7
iPad Air 2, iPad Pro,
Surface Pro 4
Macbook Air, Dell E7450, HP
TPC-Q013
Xbox one, USB: Netgear
AC1200, Linksys WUSB6300
4x4 11ac @5GHz
1733Mbps
-- -- -- Amino Kamai 6 STB, Arris VIP
5602
Optimizing Wi-Fi
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Leveraging the 5 GHz capacity for higher speed and coverage
802.11n 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi:
Up to 300Mbps maximum capacity; backward compatible to legacy devices with 11b, 11g, and 11n radios
802.11ac 5 GHz Carrier Class Wi-Fi:
Up to 1.7Gbps maximum capacity; designed for high capacity 11ac clients; capable to deliver video over Wi-Fi, super fast download, and streaming to multiple devices simultaneously
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Retail markets Wi-Fi standard capability and self support
Number of antennas Combined PHY rate Self support
Proprietary and Confidential
802.11ac is just the starting point
Carrier Class Wi-Fi Feature Subscriber / Service Provider Impact
5 GHz with 23 channels with DFS
frequencies
7X the capacity of 2.4 GHz; HD IPTV over Wi-Fi ;
minimal interference
80 MHz channel width Significantly higher speeds
Dynamic frequency hopping Smart channel selection when interference encountered
4 x 4 Multi-User MIMO Significantly improves range and speeds throughout the
home
Dynamic beamforming Ability to reach remote devices at the edge of the house;
support of 8 HD streams throughout the home
QoS Prioritization of service by SSID for higher reliability;
IPTV supported at launch
Interoperability Complete testing with set top ecosystem
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Multi-User MIMO BeamformingStability and Performance for Clients
Stronger signal for Device 1
Stronger signal for Device 2
Nulls that minimize
adjacent interference
Device 1
Device 2
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Airtime congestion Exceeding usage for the capacity of the channel
LOADING…
Poor signal strength Client too far away from router or behind a barrier
that degrades service
Interference Competing wireless signals that overlap or adjacent
channel interference – especially in MDUs
Interoperability issues Standard complexity and many product variations
generate interoperability issues
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DFS re-entry and Smart Channel HoppingMore channels and less interference
Radar Detection
Interference Detection
Weather Radar
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(0.003%)
(0.025%)
(0.2%)
(1.5%)(12%)
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Use Case 1: Wireless Speaker
Symptom: Customer complains about
very poor throughput on the 2.4 GHz
radio.
Air Time Pie Chart shows high
percentage of air time consumed by
interference.
Site Scan shows a relatively close Wi-Fi
device. No SSID is revealed, but a MAC
address is.
Determined that an ad-hoc network
between subwoofer and sound bar was
present. Attempted to adjust “channels”
on the subwoofer to no avail.
Solution: Small movement of AP from
wireless speaker fixed problem
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Due to Air Time Hog
Use Case 2: Degraded Wi-Fi
Symptom: Streaming movie in
home theater with “buffering…”
Occurred when playing HD movie on the
iPad
Low signal causes 80% air time utilization
and only 5% free air time
Solution: Move the iPad to 2.4 GHz
or closer to AP
Tablets with antenna polarization
misaligned to AP will seem ‘far’.
Solution: APs should have MIMO with
polarization diversity or rotate tablet.
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Device ParametersIdentify the Potential Issues
Radio Type of Client Device (802.11/a/b/g/n/ac)
Determine the max data rate a client can achieve
Downstream (DS) and Upstream (US) physical rates
As a rule of thumb, this is twice the TCP data throughput due to overhead
Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) per Device
Strength of the signal is measured by the receiver in units of signal power
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Location, location, location! Optimize range/robustness/speed
• High, central, unobstructed “view” (not in the basement, attic, at the corner, or on the floor)
• Minimize obstacles: Keep AP away from metal and wall; don’t put AP in or next to a metal enclosure
Check signal strength – set appropriate expectations for range/robustness/speed
• To ensure no extreme barrier blocking the signal
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Avoid interference – optimize rate and robustness
• With neighbors’ APs – select the right channel, especially for 2.4 GHz
• Move AP away from cordless phones, blue tooth devices, microwave ovens, baby monitors
Leverage dual radio AP – create capacity for more devices
• Move bandwidth intense devices closer to AP or to 5GHz band
Eliminate interoperability issues and airtime hogs –better Wi-Fi experience for all users
• Upgrade any devices more than 5 years old!
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Airtime congestion:
Too much traffic for the capacity of the channel
Poor signal strength:
The client is located either too far away from the GigaCenter or behind a barrier that attenuates the signal
Interference:
Competing wireless signals that overlap or adjacent channel interference; sources may be other Wi-Fi devices or non-Wi-Fi devices, such as microwave ovens or cordless phones
Interoperability issues:
Trouble free Wi-Fi requires more than just good radios; GigaCenter and client interoperability issues will arise
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Remotely or on-site
63% of consumers have
issues with their Wi-Fi
service Busyness: Utilization of the channel
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CSR module – wireless troubleshooting
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Radio interference high?
• Recommend to switch channel
• Recommend to set channel mode to Auto
• Recommend select DFS channel
Weak signal strength?
• Look for specific device that has weak signal strength continuously
• Recommend to move device closer to GigaCenter or move it away from wall
Tx (transmit) and Rx (receive) efficiency low?
• Low signal strength could cause Tx/Rx efficiency to be low
• If Tx/Rx efficiency are low with good signal strength, interference could be issue
• Recommend to switch channel
• Recommend to set channel mode to Auto
• Recommend to upgrade older device
Based on real-time and historic data
Leveraging Wi-Fi analysis
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Adjacent AP InterferenceSignal strength and device capability
Congestion, utilization, and analytics
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GigaCentergathers data
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Wi-Fi Advisor in the cloud performs analysis on the data2
Old devices
Throughput issues
Weak signal
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Airtime Analysis
Free
Used
Interference
Site Scan
Shows recommendation and analysis to remote technician
High Radio Interference
• Turn on DFS channels if DFS is not enabled.
• Note: While not all clients can use DFS channels, DFS channels typically have the lowest interference of all Wi-Fi Channels.
• If you cannot turn on DFS, manually switch channels or set Channel Mode to Auto, and determine if performance improves.
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Installation:
• Follow your best install practices
• Set subscriber expectations... end dead spots
• Identify dead spots with cloud or local tools
• Sell extra APs for remediation
Troubleshooting visit:
• Check network, applications usage, and device capability prior to visit
• Sell managed Wi-Fi or higher HSI tier as required
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1 Deploy strong CPE that is your point of presence with
better coverage and higher capacity.
2 Cloud based software for management, provisioning,
scalability, analytics, and remote tech support.
3 Intuitive app to empower subscribers to control, monitor, and
personalize user experience.
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Q&A
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PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
This document contains trade secrets or otherwise confidential information owned by Calix, Inc. Access to and use of this information is strictly limited and controlled by
Calix. This document and the information contained herein may not be used, disclosed, or reproduced, in whole or in part, without the prior written authorization of Calix.
The information contained in this presentation is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code, or functionality.
The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for our products remain at our sole discretion.
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