proposition duracom durability of composites · resin strength loss with 60° c sw immersion....
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Durability of composites for MRE considering environmental impact
Peter Davies Pierre-Yves Le Gac Maelenn Le Gall Mael Arhant
Marine Structures Laboratory IFREMER
IFREMER The French Ocean Research Institute
Materials amp structual
testing amp modelling
Wave tank testingMetocean
studiesResource
evaluation
httpwwwprevimerorg
Impact assessment
IFREMER Marine structures laboratory
Durability of polymer based marine materials
Buoyancy materials
Fibre ropes
Composites
Adhesives
Elastomers
Increasing quantities of marine composites for surface and underwater applications
Recycling
Reduction
Landfill
Re-use
Incineration
End-of-life disposal
5Albers et al 2009
Floating Offshore Wind
100T composite in 8MW turbine
Candidates for reducing environmental impact of composites
But how durable are their composites
compared to traditional materials
Thermoplastics
-Polyamides
-Infusable Acrylics
Alternative matrix polymers
Basalt fibres
Natural (plant) fibres
Alternative fibres
Evaluating durability the influence of marine aging
Different approaches
Semi-empirical
Mechanistic
Fully coupled
8
Evaluating the influence of marine aging
Water diffusion kinetic modelling
Property changes versus moisture content
put it in (hot) water and see what happenshellip
Semi-empirical approach
Predict structural response
Water profile in structure
Local properties
In some cases non-reversible reactionsoccur (eg hydrolysis) and their kineticsmust also be characterized
eg glassepoxy cooling water tubes
9
0
05
1
15
2
25
0 20 40 60 80 100 120square root(t in h)thickness in mm
Mt
20degC60degC40degC
1 year
2 years
10 years After 57 years in
service at 60degC
Candidates for reducing environmental impact
Thermoplastics
-Polyamides
-Infusable Acrylics
Alternative matrix polymers
Basalt fibres
Natural (plant) fibres
Alternative fibres
Thermoplastic matrix composites a) Polyamides
Seawater Diffusion (40degC) PA6
00 05 10 1500
05
10
15
20
25
30
35
33 RH Fickian fit 63 RH Fickian fit 75 RH Fickian fit Immersed in Sea Water
Fickian fit
Wat
er C
onte
nt (
)
Time12Thickness (s12m)
x106
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35-20
0
20
40
60
80 Glass Transition
Gla
ss T
rans
ition
(degC
)
Water Content ()
Estimate water profile in composite blade
eg After 1 year at 15degC only outer 2 mm affected
12
00 05 10 15 200
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600σ co
mp (
MPa
)
εcomp ()
M(t) = 0 M(t) = 03 M(t) = 11 M(t) = 14 M(t) = 30
0 1 2 300
02
04
06
08
10
12
τ12 σcomp σ2
E2 G12
Nor
mal
ised
Pro
perty
Water Content ()
Ex Compression
Evaluate changes in properties with aging (CPA6)
Matrix dominated properties
Polyamides may be appropriate for some marine structures but high temperature processing for this grade
Can predict long term behaviour
Thermoplastic matrix composites
b) Acrylics
Example Low viscosity liquid thermoplastic acrylic resin (Eliumtrade Arkema)
Potential for room temperature infused composites (traditional boatyard technology) to produce
recyclable thermoplastic composites
Durability of acrylic resin and composites
002040608
112
0 02 04 06 08 1Nor
mal
ized
str
engt
h
Degree of saturation
Resin strength loss with 60degC SW immersion
Epoxy
Acrylic
000 004 008 0120
50
100
150
Stre
ss (M
Pa)
Strain
CarbonAcrylic +-45 unaged 12m at 60degC Wet 12m at 60degC Dried
Influence of Sea Water Aging on the Mechanical Behaviour of Acrylic Matrix Composites Applied Composite Materials 2016
18 months aging in seawater at differenttemperatures
What about fatigue Database of results for conventional compositesGlass and Carbon grades gt10 matrix resinsRange of stacking sequences Tension and 4pt flexureUD 090deg 045deghellip Preg Infused RTM
15Influence of seawater aging on fatigue
What about fatigue
16
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Stre
ss m
ax [
MPa
]
log (Nf)
Influence of Matrix resin same glass fibres
RESIN 1Aged 3 months Influence of sizing same fibres same resin
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7Log (Cycles to failure)
Max
Stre
ss M
Pa
Boisseau et al 2014
RESIN 2 Aged 3 months
Unaged