proportioning systems. 69 proportioning systems now you know the benefits and uses of water...
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Proportioning SystemsProportioning Systems
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Proportioning SystemsProportioning Systems
• Now you know the benefits and uses of water additives, especially Class A foam. So how do we get the concentrate into the water?
• The following reviews various proportioning technologies along with capabilities and limitations of each
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A bigger sweet spot
Why Clubs And Racquets With Why Clubs And Racquets With Larger Heads?Larger Heads?
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The Proportioning Sweet SpotThe Proportioning Sweet Spot
• The range in which the proportioner can deliver acceptable performance– Flow range– Pressure range– Proportioning rates– Foam viscosity– Desired accuracy
• Every proportioner has a sweet spot– Size varies by type of system
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NFPA Accuracy RequirementsNFPA Accuracy Requirements
6%
30%30% 20%20% 10%10% 10%10% 20%20% 30%30%
3%
1%
- +40%40%
Lean Rich
RatioRatio Allowable RangeAllowable Range
6%6% 6.0 - 7.0%6.0 - 7.0%
3%3% 3.0 - 3.9%3.0 - 3.9%
1%1% 1.0 - 1.3%1.0 - 1.3%
0.5% 0.5 - 0.7%0.5% 0.5 - 0.7%
0.2% 0.2 - 0.28%0.2% 0.2 - 0.28%
• For proportioning rates equal or greater than 1%:– - 0% to + 30% or 1 percentage point, whichever is less
• For proportioning rates less than 1%:– - 0% to + 40%
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• Manual systems
• Automatic systems
Foam Proportioner DesignFoam Proportioner Design
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Manual Foam ProportionersManual Foam Proportioners
• Eductors• Around the pump systems• Self-educting nozzles
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Eductor SystemsEductor Systems
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In-Line EductorsIn-Line Eductors
Check Valve
Metering Valve
WaterPump Foam
Concentrate
Eductor200 psiInlet
130 psiOutlet
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By-Pass EductorBy-Pass Eductor
Shut-Off Closed
WaterPump
200 psi 130 psi
FoamConcentrate
Check valve
Metering valve
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EductorsEductors
• Capabilities:– Operate over narrow range of flows and pressures
• Limitations:– 35% pressure loss– Sensitive to pressure changes downstream– Must match flow and nozzle– Nozzle height limited to ten feet – Narrow sweet spot (single flow and pressure point)
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125 gpm Eductor Cutaway125 gpm Eductor Cutaway
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125 gpm eductor
125 gpm nozzle
Must Match Flow, Eductor & NozzleMust Match Flow, Eductor & Nozzle
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200 psi Inlet130 psi Outlet
20" of Vacuum
Performance reduction of 35% creates required vacuum
Eductor - Correct Pressure & FlowEductor - Correct Pressure & Flow
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Longer hose lay, increased elevation or nozzle restriction reduces vacuum
Eductor - Incorrect Pressure & FlowEductor - Incorrect Pressure & Flow12" of Vacuum
140 psi Outlet 200 psi Inlet
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Increasing restriction even more on outlet side can eliminate vacuum
Eductor - Incorrect Pressure & FlowEductor - Incorrect Pressure & Flow
150 psi Outlet 200 psi Inlet
No Vacuum
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Around The Pump SystemsAround The Pump Systems
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Eductor
Check Valve Metering Valve
FoamConcentrate
Shut off Valve
Shut off Valve
Max. 10 psi.Incoming Pressure
WaterPump
Foam solution from all discharges
Around The Pump ProportionerAround The Pump Proportioner
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• Capabilities:– Foam solution available to all discharges
• Limitations:– Maximum incoming pump pressure of 5 to 15 psi– Average operating foam proportioning error of 1 to
1-1/2 percentage points– Pump solely dedicated to foam operation– Narrow sweet spot
Around The Pump ProportionerAround The Pump Proportioner
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Around The Pump EductorAround The Pump Eductor
Eductor
To pump suction
From pump discharge
Foam concentrate
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Around The Pump Around The Pump
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Around The PumpAround The Pump
Class A foam control Class B foam control
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Around The PumpAround The Pump
“Incoming pressure less than 12 psi”
“When flow stops, immediately turn
metering valve off”
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Self-Educting NozzlesSelf-Educting Nozzles
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Metering Valve
Monitor
WaterPump
Control ValveFoamTank
Self-Educting NozzlesSelf-Educting Nozzles
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Self-Educting NozzlesSelf-Educting Nozzles
• Capabilities:– Large flows at 1%, 3% or 6%– Lower pressure drop than regular eductors, 10% or
less– Increased stream reach– Flexibility in use, not a fixed system
• Limitations:– Narrow sweet spot
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Self-Educting NozzleSelf-Educting Nozzle
Foam percentage selection
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Automatic Foam ProportionersAutomatic Foam Proportioners
• Balanced pressure bladder systems• Balanced pressure pump systems• Electronic direct injection systems
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Balanced Pressure Bladder SystemsBalanced Pressure Bladder Systems
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Modified Venturi/Pressure Differential Valve
CheckValve
FoamConcentrate
Pressure Tankwith Bladder
MeteringValve
Concentrate Fill Line
Water DumpLine
WaterPump
Three-way Valve
Balanced Pressure Bladder SystemsBalanced Pressure Bladder Systems
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• Capabilities:– Requires water flow to operate proportioner
• Limitations:– Operator does not know how much foam is in bladder– Must shut down to refill – Water flow up to 350 gpm and discharge pressure
restrictions– Medium Sweet Spot
Balanced Pressure Bladder SystemsBalanced Pressure Bladder Systems
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5 Gallon Portable5 Gallon Portable
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Differential ValveDifferential Valve
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Panel MountPanel Mount
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Balanced Pressure Pump SystemsBalanced Pressure Pump Systems
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CheckValve
FoamTank
ConcentratePump
Metering Valve
Check Valve
Modified Venturi or Ratio Controller(one per discharge)
WaterPump
Pilot-OperatedBalance Valve
oorr
Balanced Pressure Pump ProportionersBalanced Pressure Pump Proportioners
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• Capabilities:– Foam concentrate flow to over 300 GPM– Plumbed discharges capable of foam or water– Ability to vary foam concentrate % rates by discharge
• Limitations:– Water flow limits– Discharge pressure restriction– Low flow and low percentage operation– Medium sweet spot
Balanced Pressure Pump ProportionersBalanced Pressure Pump Proportioners
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Metering ValveMetering Valve
ADJUSTINGKNOB
POINTERPLUG
STEM
CONCENTRATEFLOW
TODISCHARGE
PROPORTIONER
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Balanced Pressure Pump SystemBalanced Pressure Pump SystemMetering/Shut-Off ValveMetering/Shut-Off Valve
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LOW PRESSURE AREA
SOLUTIONRECOVERY AREA
CONCENTRATE INLET
FLOW
BLENDING AREA
WATER FLOW
Ratio ControllerRatio Controller
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2” Modified Venturi Cut-Away2” Modified Venturi Cut-Away
Foam capabilities of 60 to 200 GPM
Water flow and pressure restrictions
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Balanced Pressure Pump SystemBalanced Pressure Pump SystemParts Cut-AwayParts Cut-Away
Ratio Controller (venturi) creates a pressure drop allowing the foam concentrate to be pumped into the water way
Metering/Shut-off valve sets amount of foam concentrate entering the system by percentage selected
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Duplex Pressure Gauge
Balanced Pressure Pump SystemBalanced Pressure Pump SystemPanel ControlsPanel Controls
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Balanced Pressure Pump SystemBalanced Pressure Pump SystemPlumbingPlumbing
Modified venturi or ratio flow controller (one required per
discharge)
Crowded pump compartment
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Balanced Pressure Accuracy TestBalanced Pressure Accuracy Test
Balanced Pressure Accuracy Test125 gpm @ 125 psi
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1% 2% 3%
Proportioning Rate - %
Concentrate Flow - GPM
NFPA Upper Limit
Desired Injection Rate
Actual Injection Rate
Recalibrated
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FOAM SYSTEM OPERATING PARAMETERS
FOAM CONCENTRATE TYPES(S): CLASS A OR CLASS BSYSTEM OPERATING PRESSURE RANGE: 75-200 PSI
DO NOT EXCEED 200 PSI OPERATING PRESSURESYSTEM PROPORTIONING AND FLOW RATES:
SOLUTION FLOW RATE (GPM)NOMINAL RATEPROPORTIONERSIZE
0.3 - 1% 3% 6%
2 60-200 60-200 60-200
2.5 80-320 80-320 80-250
4 300-1250
3 150-625 150-500
Balanced Pressure Pump System Balanced Pressure Pump System CapabilitiesCapabilities
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Balanced Pressure Pump ProportionersBalanced Pressure Pump Proportioners
GPM Friction loss 0 0 psi 50 10 psi 75 12 psi 100 15 psi 125 20 psi 150 25 psi 175 35 psi 200 40 psi 225 55 psi 250 70 psi
Pressure drop through venturi
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Electronic Direct InjectionElectronic Direct Injection
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WaterTank
WaterPump
MultipleDischarges
Line Strainer
FoamTank
Check Valves
FlowMeter
FoamPro Single Point DirectFoamPro Single Point DirectInjection ProportionerInjection Proportioner
Digital Display Control
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Multi-Point, Electronic DirectMulti-Point, Electronic DirectInjection ProportionerInjection Proportioner
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Electronic Direct InjectionElectronic Direct Injection
• Capabilities– Extremely accurate– No flow or pressure restriction– Indifferent to changes in flows and pressures– Easy to operate– Re-supply foam without interruption– Dual foam capability with automatic presets– Commences operation immediately– Ideal CAFS interface– Broad sweet spot
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• Commences operation with
the push of the RED button…
• Or throw of a switch
OperationOperation
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How Accurate?How Accurate?
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PipeSize Bal. Press.
(Max Acc) (Max Rng)
2" 60 - 200 15 - 520 5 - 625
2-1/2" 80 - 320 20 - 750 8 - 900
3" 150 - 625 30 - 1,150 12 - 1,380
4" 300 - 1,250 55 - 1,980 20 - 2,380
Flow RangeElectronic Direct Injection
No restriction permits maximum flow
Flow ComparisonFlow ComparisonBalance Pressure & Electronic Direct InjectionBalance Pressure & Electronic Direct Injection
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What To Consider-ProportionersWhat To Consider-Proportioners
• Required range of flows and pressures• Proportioning percentage rates• Foam capable discharges• Foam viscosity• Allowable pressure drop• Operating conditions
– Hose length, elevations, etc.
• Accuracy requirements