properties of minerals
DESCRIPTION
Properties of Minerals. Geologists use characteristics to tell one mineral from another. What is a Mineral?. Must be a solid. Must occur in nature. Must have a definable chemical composition ( NaCl ). Must have a crystalline structure. Must be inorganic. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Properties of MineralsGeologists use
characteristics to tell one mineral from
another
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What is a Mineral?
1. Must be a solid.2. Must occur in nature.3. Must have a definable chemical
composition (NaCl).4. Must have a crystalline structure.5. Must be inorganic.• Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rTXSwnkieZc
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Mineral Properties we will mainly study:
Luster Hardness
Cleavage Streak
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Special Properties• Fluorescence• Optical Properties: double
refraction• Taste• Conductivity• Reaction to Acid• Magnetism• Density
• Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjA2-MrWAVU
• Song: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv_ApO7xiv8
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Luster• Refers to the way light reflects from
the surface of the mineral. • There are two types of luster,
–Metallic: looks like polished metal. –Nonmetallic: does not look like
polished metal. • Nonmetallic can be shiny or dull.
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Pyrite has metallic luster
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Quartz has nonmetallic luster
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Hardness• Is measured by
how easy it is to scratch.
• • Geologists use
Mohs Hardness Scale
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Gypsum is soft, it can be scratched by a fingernail.
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Calcite is soft, but a little harder because it cannot be
scratched by a fingernail, but it can be scratched by a penny.
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Fluorite is harder. It can be scratched by a nail, but not a
penny or fingernail.
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Diamonds are the hardest mineral, so it scratches every
mineral.
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Cleavage• Not all minerals have cleavage. • Some minerals split easily along a
flat surface. • The number of lines that are created
when a mineral is split will be the number of cleavage lines.
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Mica has cleavage in one direction.
It breaks along one line.
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Feldspar has two lines of cleavage. It breaks along
two lines.
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Streak• Red chalk on a chalk board makes
red marks. White chalk makes white marks.
• Not all minerals work this way. When some minerals are scratched along a ceramic streak plate, it creates a different color.
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Gold• When gold is
run across a streak plate it makes a yellowish-gold color.
• That makes sense.
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Pyrite or “Fool’s Gold”• When pyrite is run
across a streak plate, it has a black or dark green streak.
• Pyrite is not worth much money, while gold is worth a lot. They look alike, so miners call it fool’s gold.
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Hematite• Hematite’s color is
grey, but its streak is red.
• Hema means blood.
• The mineral was named hematite because it looked like it was bleeding when it was taken across a streak plate.
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One mineral property we will
not use…COLOR
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A mineral can be many different colors. Below is Mica.
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Many minerals can be the same color. Below are gold colored minerals. Which one
is gold?
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The answer…None of them
were real gold.
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Just like with people…Outside color does not tell
you much about the important characteristics.
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Videos: Mineral Identification
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnM8ebB06MU
Hardness Scalehttps://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=82xu9OxE4q8