properties of matter. warm up how do the arrangement and behavior of particles of matter differ in...
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Properties of Matter
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Warm Up
How do the arrangement and behavior of particles of matter differ in solids, liquids, and gases?
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What is Matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
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Solids
Has a rigid, definite shape
The atoms, ions, or molecules that make up a solid are fixed in place
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Liquids
Has an indefinite shape
Is flowing matter with definite volume
Takes the shape of its container
Particles of a liquid can move and easily glide over each other
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Gas
Has no definite shape
Has no definite volume
Is compressible matter
Particles of gas are much farther apart and are easily pushed together
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Matter
Pure Substances Mixtures
Homogeneous HeterogeneousCompoundsElements
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Physical Properties
Observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.
Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.
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Physical Properties can be…
Extensive
Dependent on the amount of matter there is.
Mass
Weight
Volume
Length
Intensive Do NOT depend on the
amount of matter present. Color
Boiling Point
Melting Point
Temperature
Density
Brittleness
Viscosity
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Chemical PropertiesWhat happens when a substance undergoes a chemical reaction.
Examples: Flammability
acidic and basic
oxidation
radioactivity
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Physical Change
o DOES NOT produce a new substance.
o Changes the physical appearance but not its identity.
oPhase changes ARE physical changes!!!
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Chemical Change
o process by which a substance becomes a new and different substance. (AKA Chemical Reaction)
Example: Reaction of sulfuric acid and sugar. The acid dehydrates the sugar forming a pillar of carbon (black) and steam.
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“Can this change be reversed?”
Yes- physical change
No- chemical change
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Indicators of a Chemical Change
Gas is produced
Light is produced
A solid (precipitate) is formed from 2 liquids
Temperature change
Permanent color change
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Temperature Change
Exothermic-feels hot
-The reaction releases or produces heat
Endothermic- feels cold
-The reaction absorbs heat
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Chemical Reactions
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Law of Conservation of Mass
Matter CANNOT be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction.
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o How many Carbon atoms are on the left and right?
6 and 6
o How many Hydrogen atoms are on the left and right?
12 and 12
o How many Oxygen atoms are on the left and right?
18 and 18
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Law of Conservation of Mass
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Energy
The capacity to do work.
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Potential Energy
The energy of position.
The energy that is stored in the chemical bonds of compounds.
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Gasoline stored at a gas station
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Kinetic Energy
Energy of motion
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•As the gasoline is burned, energy is released from the bonds andAs the gasoline is burned, energy is released from the bonds and
is used to power the car’s engine.is used to power the car’s engine.
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Law of Conversion of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it just changes FORM.
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Forms of Energy
Radiant
Chemical
Nuclear
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Forms of Energy
Electrical
Mechanical
Thermal
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Thermal Energy
It can be transported 3 different ways.
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Convection
The transfer of heat energy in a gas or liquid (not in solids) by movement of currents.
The heat moves with the fluid.
ExampleThe beach – hot air rises,
cooler air from the ocean comes into replace it, and then the cool breeze cools your body.
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Conduction
The transfer of heat energy through matter from particle to particle.
Material are actually touching!
Most effective in solids, but can happen in fluids.
Example
Beaker on a hot plate becomes warmer because the heat from the hot plate is conducted along the beaker.
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Radiation
The transfer of heat energy by electromagnetic waves
Only form that can occur in empty space without the aid of Solids, Liquids, or Gases
Example
Sunlight –travels through space via radiation.
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What is the way that thermal energy is transported in the following?
Your leg becomes warm when you place a heating pad on it.
conduction
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What is the way that thermal energy is transported in the following?
The headlights on your car allow you to see at night.
Radiation
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What is the way that thermal energy is transported in the following?
Hot soup transfers heat to the air above it.
Convection
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Law of Conservation of Energy
Radiant : SunlightRadiant : Sunlight
Chemical : glucose Chemical : glucose produced produced in plants via in plants via photosynthesisphotosynthesis
Mechanical: Rabbit eatsMechanical: Rabbit eatsPlants for energy to hopPlants for energy to hop