properties of matter physical properties: can be observed without changing a substance into another...
TRANSCRIPT
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Properties of Matter
• Physical Properties:• Can be observed without changing a
substance into another substance.• Boiling point, density, mass, volume, etc.
• Chemical Properties:• Can only be observed when a substance is
changed into another substance.• Flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity with
acid, etc.
Section 1.3
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Intensive vs. Extensive
• Intensive Properties:• Independent of the amount of the
substance that is present.• Density, boiling point, color, etc.
• Extensive Properties:• Dependent upon the amount of the
substance present.• Mass, volume, energy, etc.
Section 1.3
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Changes of Matter
• Physical Changes:• Changes in matter that do not change the
composition of a substance.• Changes of state, crush, tear, break, dissolve
• Chemical Changes:• Changes that result in new substances.
• Combustion, oxidation, decomposition, etc.
Section 1.3
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Chemical Reactions
In the course of a chemical reaction, the reacting substances are converted to new substances.
Section 1.3
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Chemical Reactions
Compounds can be broken down into elemental particles.
Section 1.3
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Separation of Mixtures• Since mixtures are physically mixed
together, many may be separated into their components through physical changes including the following:– Distillation– Filtration– Chromatography– Extraction– Evaporation– Sublimation
Section 1.3
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Distillation
Separates homogeneous mixture on the basis of differences in boiling point.
Section 1.3
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Filtration
Separates solid substances from liquids and solutions.
Section 1.3
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Chromatography
Separates substances on the basis of differences in solubility in a solvent.
Section 1.3
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Extraction
• The mixture is brought into contact with a solvent in which the desired substance is soluble but the other substances present are insoluble.– Salt can be extracted from a sand salt
mixture with use of water.
Section 1.3
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Evaporation
• A type of vaporization of a liquid that occurs from the surface of a liquid into a gaseous phase.
Section 1.3
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Sublimation• The transition of a
substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Section 1.3
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Label the following as a physical or chemical change
Section 1.3
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Describe how to separate
• A mixture of ammonium chloride, sodium chloride and sand.
• A mixture of iron and sulfur.
Section 1.3