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Properties of MatterS8.C.1.1.2

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Matter

• Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)• State of Matter depends on how atoms are moving

and interacting with each other

1. Solid2. Liquid 3. Gas

4. Plasma -combination of gas atoms without electrons and free flowing electrons (ionized atoms)

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States of Matter

Difference between particles in 3 states

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Changing States of Matter (Phase Change)

Changing states by adding or removing heat

Add heat or remove heat for different substances

crystallization

Temperature converter

Freezing pt = melting pt

Boiling pt = condensation pt

Evaporation

Condensation

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Solids• Particles are tightly packed usually in a

regular pattern

• Particles vibrate, but cannot move past each other

• Has a fixed shape

• Has fixed volume

• Not easily compressible (little space between particles)

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Liquids• Particles are close together with no regular

arrangement• Particles can move slightly and slide past

each other• Take the shape of its container• Has fixed Volume

• Not easily compressible (little space between particles)

Jello?

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Gas• Particles are well separated with no regular arrangement

• Particles move freely at high speeds

•Take the shape of its container

•Take the volume of its container

•Compressible (lots of space between particles)

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Physical Properties of Matter

• Property that you can observe or measure without changing the composition (chemical makeup/ identity) of a substance

*Scientists can identify individual substances by their physical properties.

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•Texture

•Color (streak test)

•Shape

•Odor

•Melting/Freezing pt

•Boiling point

•Magnetism

•Mass

•Weight

•Solubility (ability to dissolve)

•Volume

•Density

•Conductivity

•Thermal expansion (Increase in volume when heated)

•Thermal contraction (decrease in volume when cooled)

Physical Properties of Matter

Video of expansion

and contraction

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Density• How much “stuff” (mass) is in a

certain amount of “space” (volume)

• mass = gram (g)• volume = cubic cm (cm3)

= milliliter (ml)

Density= mass/volume

Units for density= (g/cm3) or (g/ml)

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Density• All samples of the same

substance have the same density

• Water has a density of 1g/ml…no matter how much water you have

• Objects with a density less than water will float in water

• Objects with a density greater than water will sink

Water expands when frozen!

Because of its structure!

Song!Rap!

Finding Density

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Density (g/ml)

0.5

0.8

0.5

0.75

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Chemical Properties of Matter• Property that you can observe or measure only by

changing the composition (chemical makeup or identity) of a substance

• When chemical Reactions take place, the identity of the substance always changes

• Examples :– Flammability– Ability to oxidize (rust) react with oxygen– Reactivity

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Acids / Bases

Litmus Paper

•An indicator for acid or base

•Base will turn paper blue

•Acid will turn paper red