properties of matter
TRANSCRIPT
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CLASSIFYING MATTERSection 2.1
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What is Matter?
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Matter is…
…anything that takes up space (has volume) and has mass
Essentially… anything made of atoms
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Properties
All matter has different properties because of different structures/compositions
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Types of Matter
Pure Substances have a definite, fixed composition
Compositions of a Mixture can vary
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Pure Substances Two kinds: element and
compound
Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Smallest particle of an element is an atom
118 different elements = 118 different atoms
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Pure Substances
Compounds are made up of two or more elements chemically bonded together
Elements have SYMBOLS!
Compounds have FORMULAS!
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Pure Substances
The properties of a compounds ARE OFTEN DIFFERENT from the properties of the elements that make up that compound!
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Mixtures
Composition of a mixture can vary
Example: In a mixture of A, B, and C… you could have a little more A and a little less C, or any other combination.
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Types of Mixtures
Heterogeneous mixtures have obviously different parts
Homogeneous mixtures (aka. solutions) have multiple substances evenly distributed
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Other Important Terms
Solution: particles are too small to be filtered or scatter light; will not separate into layers
Suspension: cloudy (scatter light); large particles will separate into layers over time
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Other Important Terms
Colloid: mostly small particles, but some larger-sized ones
Colloids do not separate into layers
Colloids do scatter light
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIESSection 2.2
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Properties of Matter
Chemical Properties can only be observed as the matter is changing into a different substance
Physical Properties can be observed using touch, smell, sight, or measurement; substance does not need to be changed
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Physical Properties
Viscosity – resistance to flow (increases at cold temperatures, decreases at warm temperatures
Conductivity – ability to transfer heat or electricity
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Physical Properties
Malleability – ability to be hammered into wires or sheets
Hardness – which substances can scratch which other substances?
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Physical Properties
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Density = mass / volume
Units for density: g/cm3
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Separating Mixtures
You can separate most mixtures based on their physical properties
Filtration (based on size of particles)
Distillation (based on boiling points)
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Separating Mixtures
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Physical Changes Properties change,
but material remains the same
Tye-dye Slicing Mixing or dissolving
Changes in STATE are physical changes
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CHEMICAL PROPERTIESSection 2.3
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Chemical Properties
Flammability
Reactivity
Toxicity
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Chemical Changes
Any change in which one chemical substance changes into another chemical substance
Evidence: Color change Gas produced Precipitate produced
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“Precipitate”
A solid that forms when two liquids react and separates out of the liquids
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STATES OF MATTERSection 3.1
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States of Matter
Solid Liquid Gas
Different states refer to…
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States of Matter
Different states refer to…
1. Whether shapes/volumes are fixed or variable
2. Arrangement of atoms
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Solids
Definite shape Definite volume
Atoms are packed so tightly they cannot move, only vibrate
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Liquids
Definite volume No definite shape
Atoms are packed tightly together, but can flow
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Gases
No definite shape No definite volume
Atoms are spread far apart and move quickly and randomly
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Changes in State…
…are physical changes.
…occur as molecules speed up or slow down because of changes in temperature.
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Changes in State
Evaporation
Condensation
Melting
Freezing
Sublimation
Deposition
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TEST PREPOctober 21, 2011
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Are you ready for the test? Have you read all the textbook
sections thoroughly?
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Are you ready for the test? Have you gone, little-by-little, back
through your notes each night?
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Are you ready for the test? Have you used the notes on
SlideShare?
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Are you ready for the test? Have you practiced with the problems
in the back of the chapter?
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Are you ready for the test? Have you re-written some difficult
terms/definitions or made flash cards?
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Are you ready for the test? Have you checked the correct answers
to your ClassMarker quiz?
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Are you ready for the test? Did you understand how to correctly
measure and calculate density in the lab?
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Scores 6-7 : very well prepared
5: getting close; average preparedness; still work to be done
3-4: TROUBLE! much more work to be done
0-2: WHAT THE HECK HAVE YOU BEEN DOING FOR TWO WEEKS???
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Element, Compound, Homogeneous, or Heterogeneous? Carbon
Sucrose (C12H22O11) Sugar dissolved in water Air Steel A leaf A crayon (without the paper) Silver Pure water Shampoo
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Physical or Chemical Property?
Flammability Viscosity Melting Point Density Reactivity Conductivity Boiling Point Hardness Malleability Toxicity
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Physical or Chemical Change? When you shake a soda, it foams out the
top when opened. Wood is burned in a campfire for heat. Silver polish reacts with the dirt stuck to
your jewelry and removes it. Cook eggs and bacon for breakfast. A sample of gold is flattened into a sheet of
gold foil. Carbohydrates and proteins are broken
down by your cells for energy. Alcohol boils and is collected in a new
container.
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Scores 24-27 : very well prepared
18-23: getting close; average preparedness; still work to be done
12-17: TROUBLE! much more work to be done
0-11: WHAT THE HECK HAVE YOU BEEN DOING FOR TWO WEEKS???