O

propanon

CH

OCHO

OHH

HHO

OHH

OHH

CH2OHChemical Formula: C6H12O6

Exact Mass: 180.0634Molecular Weight: 180.1559

m/z: 180.0634 (100.0%), 181.0667 (6.5%), 182.0676 (1.2%)Elemental Analysis: C, 40.00; H, 6.71; O, 53.29

OH

OH

H

OH

H

OHH

OH

CH2OH

H

CH3

HH

H

CH3

H

(S)

NH2

OH

O

(R)

NH2

HO

O

(R)

NH2HO

O

OO

BONDS: • Adding bonds by clicking• Adding bonds by dragging• Fixed bond length: Object – Fixed Length• Fixed bond angle: Object – Fixed Angle• Changing fixed values: File – Document Settings – Drawing• Drawing bonds:

double, double either, triple, quadruple, dative, and wedged• Editing bonds:

changing bond typeschanging double bondsaligning double bonds

• Moving atoms (changing a ring type)• Changing bond crossings: ‘Send to back’ or ‘Bring to front’• Chemical warnings (type of chemical warnings)

CAPTIONS AND ATOM LABELS (1): • Creating captions or atom labels (drawing phenol)• Repeating captions or atom labels (double click)• Using hotkeys (List Help; e.g: 3 t-Bu, 4 Ph)

(Place the cursor at the right atom and type the hotkey.)• Using nicknames (Hotkey “=“; e.g: Bz = benzoyl, TFA = trifluoroacetone)• Expanding nicknames (select the nickname, then Structure – Expand Label)

Ph CH2CH2CHCH3

CH3contracted form

CH3

expanded form

CH2CH2NHCCH3

O

O

HN

contracted form expanded form

adding bonds to a label

adding bonds to a label

hexylbenzene

nickname

CAPTIONS AND ATOM LABELS (2): • Annotations

double, double either, triple, quadruple, dative, and wedged• Formatting captions or labels:

formatting a caption or labelcoloring textcaption width (by dragging the resize handle of the text box)deleting labels

• Setting preferences: File – Preferences – Building/Displayautomatic atom label alignmentautomatically rectify hydrogens in atom labels

• Chemical significance

RINGS: • Adding a ring to an atom• Adding a ring to a bond• Adding a spiro linkage• Sprouting rings instead of spiro linkage

File – Preferences – Building/DisplaySprout Rings Instead of Spiro When Clicking

• Cyclohexane chair rings• Aromatic structures:

delocalized ring (benzene tool, with or without Shift)resonance structures (Ctrl + benzene tool)

ACYCLIC CHAINS• Draw an acyclic chain• Adding chain to structures• Specifying chain length (click an atom with Acyclic Chain tool, type the

number of atoms in the chain)• Changing chain direction (Ctrl)

DRAWING SEQUENCES:• Drawing a sequence

• Expanding sequences: Select the label(s) Structure – Expand Label• Collapsing labels: Double-click the label(s) Structure – Contract Label• Removing residues: Collapse then double-click the label(s) Delete• Replacing residues:

Point the Marquee tool to a label, then type hotkey for the new one• Adding labels

Kode nukleotida IUPAC

Basa

ACG

T (atau U)RYSWKMBDHVN

- or -

AdeninaSitosinaGuaninaTimina (atau Urasil)A atau GC atau TG atau CA atau TG atau TA atau CC atau G atau TA atau G atau TA atau C atau TA atau C atau GBasa apa sajaCelah

Kode asam amino IUPAC

Kode 3-huruf Asam amino

ACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWY

AlaCysAspGluPheGlyHisIleLysLeuMetAsnProGlnArgSerThrValTrpTyr

AlaninaSisteina

Asam aspartatAsam glutamat

FenilalaninaGlisina

HistidinaIsoleusina

LisinaLeusina

MetioninaAsparagina

ProlinaGlutaminaArgininaSerina

TreoninaValina

TriptofanTirosina

SELECTION TOOLS:• Lasso freehand selection; Marquee select rectangular regions• Toggling between tools: Alt• Selecting entire structure: Double click a bond or atom within the structure• Selecting objects by dragging• Selecting objects by clicking• Resizing an object• Rotating an object

(with or without Ctrl)

SELECTION TOOLS (2):• Rotate for specific degrees: Object – Rotate

Type how many degrees, CW or CCW If necessary, check list ‘Rotate Atom Labels’

Repeat the same rotation: Select another object immediately Edit – Repeat Rotate.

• Selecting multiple objects: Shift or Edit – Select All• Deselecting objects: Click in any empty area or press Esc• Moving objects by dragging (with or without Shift)• Moving objects by using arrows (with or without Alt)• Copying objects: Ctrl + drag or Ctrl + Shift + drag• Deleting objects: Delete or Edit – Clear

ADVANCED DRAWING TECHNIQUES (1):• Joining objects: Select all atoms or bonds to be joined, then Object – Join

• Grouping objects: Select all objects, then Object – Group• Ungrouping objects: Select a group, then Object – Ungroup• Creating integral groups: Right click, Group – Integral

ADVANCED DRAWING TECHNIQUES (2):• Scaling objects: Object – Scale or double-click one of the resize handle

ADVANCED DRAWING TECHNIQUES (3):• Reflecting structures through planes: Object – Flip Horizontal/Vertical

(compare it with Object – Rotate 180o Horizontal/Vertical)

ADVANCED DRAWING TECHNIQUES (4):• Structure Clean Up: Structure – Clean Up Structure atau Shift + Ctrl + K

ADVANCED DRAWING TECHNIQUES (5):• Drawing a polyhapto structure (e.g., ferrocene, (Cp)2Fe):

Structure – Add Multi-Center Attachment• Drawing abbreviate notation (e.g. for 1,2-dibromobenzene):

Structure – Add Variable Attachment• Viewing attachment points: Point to the asterisk with selection or bond tool

ADVANCED DRAWING TECHNIQUES (6):• Showing atom numbers: Select the atoms or structure Right-click

Atoms – Show Atom Number• Removing atom numbers: Eraser tool, or Marquee/Lasso Tool – Delete• Editing atom numbers: Text tool

• Structure Perspective tool effect: Drag or Shift + Drag• Marquee/Lasso Tool Object – Flatten:

Strips the z-coordinate from the selected object(s), bringing them all into the same plane.

ADVANCED DRAWING TECHNIQUES (7):• Mass Fragmentation tool: mimics the molecular fragmentation in a mass

spectrometer, but does not have any predictive qualities.

Just dragging:

Dragging, then Alt: (CAUTION: not Alt + dragging)

ADVANCED DRAWING TECHNIQUES (8):Drawing reaction: • Drawing propan-2-one• Drawing an arrow

Arrow tool – Arrow toolbar – Select an arrow type – Draw by dragging.Right-click – Plain/Dashed/Bold, Full/Half Arrow, Solid/Hollow/ Angled Arrowhead, Cross/Hash/Dipole, Filled/Shaded/Faded (for block arrow)

• Adding caption + negative charge symbol: Text tool, Chemical Symbol tool – Chemical Symbol tool pallete,Grouping objects: Object – Group

• Drawing the product: Duplicating a structure, adding more bonds, adding an atom label

• Adding a frame: Drawing Element tool

O OH O OH

propan-2-on 4-hidroksi-4-metilpentan-2-on

ADVANCED DRAWING TECHNIQUES (9):• Reaction interpreter: View – Show Reaction Interpretation

Point Marquee/Tool cursor at the reaction arrow Red (reactant), Cyan (above reaction arrow) Magenta (product), Blue (below reaction arrow)

Drawing an intermediate (1):

OOH

ADVANCED DRAWING TECHNIQUES (10):• Using the cyclohexane ring tool• Erasing an atom• Adding a bond• Adding two bonds to an atom• Creating a double bond• Type atom label: OH O–, OH

ADVANCED DRAWING TECHNIQUES (11):• Arrow tool: Dragging & adjusting • Draw Curve tool: Drawing & adjusting

OOH

ADVANCED DRAWING TECHNIQUES (12):• Adding an arrow head.