propane- air (sng) … in the world of natural gas
TRANSCRIPT
Propane-air (SNG)
… in the world of
natural gas
Propane-air (SNG)
… in the world of
natural gas
ObjectivesObjectives
Synthetic Natural Gas background Applications Guidelines Summary
Synthetic Natural Gas background Applications Guidelines Summary
Natural GasNatural Gas
Readily available Low cost Most types of equipment use Natural Gas Clean
Readily available Low cost Most types of equipment use Natural Gas Clean
Natural Gas DisadvantagesNatural Gas Disadvantages
Not available in remote locations (but may be planned for future installation)
Demand exceeds supply in peak periods (particularly winter)
Pipelines may break(typically cause extended outages)
Not easily stored at user site
Not available in remote locations (but may be planned for future installation)
Demand exceeds supply in peak periods (particularly winter)
Pipelines may break(typically cause extended outages)
Not easily stored at user site
Synthetic Natural GasSynthetic Natural Gas
May be used in locations planning future natural gas (Bridging application)
May be used to supplement natural gas when supply is limited (Peak Shaving)
May be used to replace natural gas in the event of supply disruption (Back-Up)
May be used in locations planning future natural gas (Bridging application)
May be used to supplement natural gas when supply is limited (Peak Shaving)
May be used to replace natural gas in the event of supply disruption (Back-Up)
AirLPG
SNG
SNG: A mixture of LPG + Air to simulate Natural Gas
SNG: A mixture of LPG + Air to simulate Natural Gas
SNG CharacteristicsSNG Characteristics
Direct replacement for natural gas No burner replacements or adjustments No pressure changes needed Works in all fuel applications
Direct replacement for natural gas No burner replacements or adjustments No pressure changes needed Works in all fuel applications
Wobbe Index:
a measure of the ENERGY being provided to a combustion
process.
SNG to NG INTERCHANGEABILTY
SNG “acts like” Natural Gas…
Natural GasSG = 0.6 and the Calorific value =935 BTU/SCFSNGSG = 1.386 and the Calorific value = 1421 BTU/SCF
Wobbe Index = 935 = 1421 √.6000 √1.386m
Wobbe = 1207
Fuel InterchangeabilityWobbe Index
•No pressure changes•No orifice changes
•Seamless fuel swapping
Natural Gas:• 935 BTU/SCF• 0.600 SG
Synthetic Natural Gas:• 1.421 BTU/SCF• 0.386 SG
Wobbe 1207
SNG AdvantagesSNG Advantages
Available in remote locations (Bridging to build infrastructure while waiting for natural gas)
Adequate supply even in peak periods(Peak Shaving)
No pipelines to break(Available during natural gas outages - Back-Up)
Easily stored at user site
Available in remote locations (Bridging to build infrastructure while waiting for natural gas)
Adequate supply even in peak periods(Peak Shaving)
No pipelines to break(Available during natural gas outages - Back-Up)
Easily stored at user site
ObjectivesObjectives
Synthetic Natural Gas background Applications Guidelines Summary
Synthetic Natural Gas background Applications Guidelines Summary
SNG AdvantagesSNG Advantages
Available in remote locations (Bridging to build infrastructure while waiting for natural gas)
Adequate supply even in peak periods(Peak Shaving)
No pipelines to break(Available during natural gas outages - Back-Up)
Easily stored at user site
Available in remote locations (Bridging to build infrastructure while waiting for natural gas)
Adequate supply even in peak periods(Peak Shaving)
No pipelines to break(Available during natural gas outages - Back-Up)
Easily stored at user site
Different Worlds…yet
common needs…
Different Worlds…yet
common needs…
CASE STUDYSouth Korea CityGas Development – Development of
natural gas pipeline using off-grid SNG
Pre- 1980’s
LPG Cylinder market with naptha gas in Seoul and Pusan
LPGLPGLPGLPG
SNG
Start with SNGStart with SNG
Natural Gas Distribution NetworkNatural Gas Distribution Network
R
R
R
R
PRSGas GridGas Grid
LNGLNGLNGLNG
LPGLPGLPGLPG
SNG
Natural Gas ArrivesNatural Gas Arrives
CASE STUDYSouth Korea CityGas Development
Mid 1980’stoMid 1990’s
Incheon LNG Terminal
Pyeongtaek LNG Terminal
Tongeyong LNG Terminal
Case Example
So. Korea…the Results…
Changed from almost no piped gas to highly developed gas system in ~15 years
SNG became the temporary base fuel
SNG evolved to LNG over time…
Korea: 2nd largest importer of LNG
KOGAS: largest LNG buyer in world
Can be Adapted to other areas
Where else could this model work?
Ingredients for success…
• Problematic natural gas deliverability and good LPG availability
• Significant use of natural gas by both the residential and commercial sector
• Social / political unrest due to the energy scenario
• Locations where gov’t intervention to such problems can / will occur
Possibilities:
•Parts of North Africa
•Parts of West Africa
•Parts of So. America
•Caribbean Basin
•South Asia
•Parts of Middle East
SNG AdvantagesSNG Advantages
Available in remote locations (Bridging to build infrastructure while waiting for natural gas)
Adequate supply even in peak periods(Peak Shaving)
No pipelines to break(Available during natural gas outages - Back-Up)
Easily stored at user site
Available in remote locations (Bridging to build infrastructure while waiting for natural gas)
Adequate supply even in peak periods(Peak Shaving)
No pipelines to break(Available during natural gas outages - Back-Up)
Easily stored at user site
Natural Gas UsageNatural Gas Usage
Where else could this model work?P
akis
tan
Gwadar SNG FacilityGwadar SNG Facility
Pakistan NG NetworkPakistan NG Network
GAS TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
Transmission (kilometers) 8,000
Transmission capacity (MMCFD) 2,750
Distribution (kilometers) 52,000
Compression (HP) 215,000
Towns/villages connected 930
Number of consumers (million) 3.5
Fields connected 22
RED LINES SSGC
BLUE LINES SNGPL
Afghanistan
India
IRA
N
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY20 FY25
MMSCF/Day
DemandSupply
Pakistan Supply vs DemandPakistan Supply vs Demand
Pakistan Off Grid SNG benefits:
•A dire need…
•Supply chain facilities are in place(HUGE expense and time hurdle is eliminated…)
•Capacity is available and expandable•LPG marine terminals and storage
•Regional LPG supply sources
•Political and social motivations
In Summary….In Summary….
SNG could provide 10-20% of the current shortfall of 1050 MMSCFD quickly and cost effectively
In this scenario SNG is a good fit!
SNG could provide 10-20% of the current shortfall of 1050 MMSCFD quickly and cost effectively
In this scenario SNG is a good fit!
SNG AdvantagesSNG Advantages
Available in remote locations (Bridging to build infrastructure while waiting for natural gas)
Adequate supply even in peak periods(Peak Shaving)
No pipelines to break(Available during natural gas outages - Back-Up)
Easily stored at user site
Available in remote locations (Bridging to build infrastructure while waiting for natural gas)
Adequate supply even in peak periods(Peak Shaving)
No pipelines to break(Available during natural gas outages - Back-Up)
Easily stored at user site
Recent Large SNG ProjectsRecent Large SNG Projects
•Argentina (’08)
Client: METROGAS REPSOLYPF / AESA
•Chile (’05,’06,’07)
Client: Metrogas SA (3 Phases)
•Saudi Arabia (’08)
Client: Arabian United Float Glass Co.
•USA (’07)
Client: City Utilities (Missouri)
70 MT/h – fed by liquids pipeline
90 MT/h - fed by road tankers & pipeline
6.5 MT/h - fed by road tankers
35MT/h - fed by road tankers
New Pakistan ProjectsNew Pakistan Projects
•Location: Location: USAUSA
•Function: Peak ShavingFunction: Peak Shaving
•Capacity: Capacity: 1700 MMBTU/h1700 MMBTU/h at 150PSIG at 150PSIG
•Metrogas SA: Santiago, Chile Metrogas SA: Santiago, Chile
• Capacity: 3900 MMBTU/h total
• SNG Pressure: 135 / 50 PSIG
• Capacity: 3900 MMBTU/h total
• SNG Pressure: 135 / 50 PSIG
8 x 50 mt mounded 8 x 50 mt mounded Storage TanksStorage Tanks
5 x 7,000 US Gal/h 5 x 7,000 US Gal/h VaporizersVaporizers
5 x SNG Blenders5 x SNG Blenders
Pressure: 60 PSIGPressure: 60 PSIG..
Chile LPG Chile LPG Storage TanksStorage Tanks
LPG LPG Pumping SystemPumping System
Complete SNG SystemComplete SNG System
Metrogas: Buenos Aires, ArgentinaMetrogas: Buenos Aires, Argentina(AESA / Repsol-YPF)(AESA / Repsol-YPF)
Capacity: •2500 MMBTU/h
SNG Pressure: 330 PSIG
SNG: Engineered Solutions for SNG: Engineered Solutions for Natural Gas Energy marketsNatural Gas Energy markets……
SNG: Engineered Solutions for SNG: Engineered Solutions for Natural Gas Energy marketsNatural Gas Energy markets……
ObjectivesObjectives
Synthetic Natural Gas background Applications Guidelines Summary
Synthetic Natural Gas background Applications Guidelines Summary
Guidelines for Equipment Selection
Guidelines for Equipment Selection
Analyze FULL RANGE of LPG supplies. Design equipment for worst case
Equipment capacity should be determined based on lowest temperatures
Select provider with ASME and UL capabilities IN HOUSE
Ask about world-wide service capabilities Blender should automatically adjust to compensate for
LPG quality
Analyze FULL RANGE of LPG supplies. Design equipment for worst case
Equipment capacity should be determined based on lowest temperatures
Select provider with ASME and UL capabilities IN HOUSE
Ask about world-wide service capabilities Blender should automatically adjust to compensate for
LPG quality
ObjectivesObjectives
Synthetic Natural Gas background Applications Ely Energy Guidelines Summary
Synthetic Natural Gas background Applications Ely Energy Guidelines Summary
ConclusionsConclusions
SNG is a overcomes weakness in natural gas supply systems
Well-established technology (40+ years at Ely)
Can be implemented quickly No other solution offers SNG’s flexibility
SNG is a overcomes weakness in natural gas supply systems
Well-established technology (40+ years at Ely)
Can be implemented quickly No other solution offers SNG’s flexibility
Our Thanks…Our Thanks…
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