propaganda notes types & examples. #1: name calling an argument made without closely examining...
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Propaganda NotesTypes & Examples
#1: name calling
An argument made without closely examining the evidence
Giving “bad names” to an opponent
Example: name calling
Politicians slashing other politicians Coke vs. Pepsi
#2: glittering generalities
Using only pleasant words to describe the product or program and not looking at both sides
Saying only “good things” about the product
Example: glittering generalities
“tough on stains” “brand new”
“powerful ingredient”
#3:transfer
Using symbols or images to create a connection between the product and what the propagandist wants viewers to associate with the product
Subliminal messages
Example: transfer
*having an attractive female= only attractive people use product
*American flag=buying product makes you more American
#4: testimonial
Having a person testify that a product really works (giving his or her word)
May sometimes use celebrities to promote an upscale product
Example: testimonial
Reasoning:“If a celebrity uses it, it must
really work”
#5: plain folks
Promotes products for the everyday people
Tries to convey the idea that the people using the product are “just like us” (housewife, parent, etc.)
Example: plain folks
Reasoning: “Use a normal person to make the product seem useable”
#6: card stacking
Gives only the partial truth (puts on a poker face)
Over-emphasizes or under-emphasizes certain qualities of the product
Example: card stacking
Some ads avoid:-Listing side
effects-Listing other
methods used to get the result
-Listing unexpected payments
#7: band wagon
Used to make people feel like part of the crowd
To accept product because everyone else is doing it
Example: bandwagon
Common phrases: “Don’t be left out” “Haven’t you heard..” “The sensation that’s
sweeping the nation” “Everyone’s talking
about…”
Logical Fallacies
An argument that sounds logical, but, in reality, the premises given for the conclusion do not provide proper support for the argument.
An example: birds fly in the sky; airplanes fly in the sky; therefore, airplanes are birds.
Often used by those who seek to convince or misinform – including hate-mongers.
Example: Logical Fallacies
Studies have conclusively proven that 83 percent of people who have died in automobile accidents last year ate ice cream within a month of their accidents. (This figure strongly suggests that eating ice cream causes automobile accidents.)
Appeal to Fear Scare Tactics
Fear can lead people to do things they would never otherwise consider.
Few people believe that war is a good thing, for example, but most people can be convinced to support a specific war if they believe that they are fighting an enemy who is cruel, inhuman, and bent on destroying all that they hold dear.
Example: Fear
Politicians use it when they talk about crime and claim to be advocates for law and order. Environmentalists use it when they talk about pollution-related cancer, and their opponents use fear when they claim that effective environmental regulations will destroy the economy and eliminate jobs.
