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Page 1: Propaganda Movement (1)

Propaganda MovementPropaganda Movement

Page 2: Propaganda Movement (1)

Defect of Spanish Colonial RuleDefect of Spanish Colonial Rule

• No stability in Philippine Government– Frequent changes in the government of Spain

brought also political instability in the Philippines– From 1837-1897, the Philippines was ruled by 50

Spanish governor generals, each serving an average of 1 year and 3 months in office.

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• Filipinos were not given a voice in their own government.• Their previous representation in the Spanish

Cortes (law making body in Spain) from 1810-1837, was not restored.

• Only minor government offices were opened to the Filipinos

• Ventura de los Reyes – the only Filipino who became part of the Spanish Cortes in 1812.

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• Defective administration of Justice• Courts were really courts of injustice. • Spanish judges were ignorant and dishonest• Judicial trials were slow and expensive

• No equality before the law• Spaniards were given more rights and privilege that

Filipinos• Justice was for the rich and influential and not for the

poor.

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• Many Spanish officials were corrupt, abusive, and incompetent.• Filipinos were maltreated and regarded as inferior

beings.

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RISE OF PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

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• The Propaganda Movement was a peaceful crusade for reforms• It is not a revolutionary movement.

• It began in 1872, after GOMBURZA’s execution, and ended in 1892, when Rizal was exiled to Dapitan.• This movement was carried on by means of pen

and tongue.

Page 8: Propaganda Movement (1)

AIMS OF THE PROPAGANDA AIMS OF THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENTMOVEMENT

• Equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the law.• Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of

Spain.• Restoration of Philippine representation in the Spanish

Cortes.• Filipinization of the parishes• Granting of individual liberties to Filipinos such as:• Freedom of Speech• Freedom of the press• Freedom of assembly• Freedom to petition for grievances

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SUPPORTERS OF THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

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Ferdinand Blumentritt Miguel Morayta

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Francisco Pi y Margall Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla

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• Ferdinand Blumentritt – Rizal’s best friend; professor in Ateneo de Leitmeritz, Austria

• Miguel Morayta – Rizal’s professor in the Universidad Central de Madrid

• Francisco Pi y Margall – former president of the First Spanish Republic

• Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla – leader of the Republican Party of Spain

• Don Juan de Atayde – Spanish writer

Page 13: Propaganda Movement (1)

THE PROPAGANDISTS

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Marcelo H. Del PilarMarcelo H. Del Pilar

• Lawyer-journalist from Bulacan.

• He was considered as the best propagandist, even better than Rizal.

Page 16: Propaganda Movement (1)

Graciano Lopez-Jaena

• Orator of the propaganda movement

• A physician from Jaro, Iloilo

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Mariano Ponce

• A journalist and historical researcher

• A physician from Baliwag, Bulacan.

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Juan Luna

• The greatest Filipino painter from Badoc, Ilocos Norte

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Antonio Luna

• Pharmacist and essayist,

• A Manila born Ilocano and brother of Juan Luna.

• One of the greatest generals in Philippine history.

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Jose Ma. Panganiban

• A linguist and writer from Camarines Norte.

Page 21: Propaganda Movement (1)

Pedro Serrano Laktaw

• Teacher and lexicographer from Bulacan.

• Wrote the first Diccionario Tagalog-Español

Page 22: Propaganda Movement (1)

Pedro A. Paterno

• Lawyer and a man of letters from Manila.

Page 23: Propaganda Movement (1)

Jose Alejandrino

• An engineer and writer from Arayat, Pampanga.

Page 24: Propaganda Movement (1)

Marcelo H. Del Pilar

• Born in barrio Cupang, Bulacan on August 30, 1850.

• Master of both Tagalog and Spanish languages, he devoted his legal training and literary talent to fight Spanish misrule.

• He fled to Spain in 1888 to escape Spanish persecution at home.– He became the leader of the Propagandists in Spain.– Assumed editorship of the La Solidaridad, after

Graciano Lopez Jaena.

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• He studied in the College of Mr. Jose Flores and transferred in College of San Jose in Manila

• He finished Law in UST• Marciana del Pilar – Marcelo’s wife and second cousin.• Diariong Tagalog – first bilingual newspaper which he

established.– It publish observations and criticisms on how the Spanish

government in the Philippines was misruled.• Plaridel, Dolores, Manapat, Piping Dilat as pen names• Died in Barcelona of tuberculosis and as a poor man at

the age of 46 (July 4, 1896).

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GREATEST WORKS

• Las Filipinas se Pierden – the Philippines is being lost

• Le Redencion de Filipinas – the redemption of the Philippines

• Autocracia brutal – brutal autocracy

• Del Pilar was much feared by the Spanish authorities because of his fiery editorials and satirical articles.

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AMAIN NAMINAMAIN NAMIN

• Amain naming sumasakumbento ka, sumpain ang ngalan mo, malayo sa amin ang kasakiman mo, kitlin ang leeg mo dito sa lupa para ng sa langit. Saulan mo kami ngayon ng aming kaning iyong inaaraw-araw at patawanin mo kami gaya ng pagtawa mo kung kami’y nakukuwaltahan mo; at huwag mo kaming ipahintulot as iyong mapanukso at iadya mo kami sa masama mong dila. Amen

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ABA GINOONG BARYAABA GINOONG BARYA

aba ginoong barya, nakapupuno ka ng alkansya, and prayle’y sumasaiyo, bukod ka niyang pinagpala’t pinahigit sa lahat, pinagpala naman ang iyong kaban.

santa barya ina ng diretsos, ipanalangin mo kaming huwag anitan ngayon at kami ay ipapatay. Sya nalang. Sya nawa. amen

Page 29: Propaganda Movement (1)

TEN COMMANDMENTSTEN COMMANDMENTS1.Thou shall worship and love the friars above all2. Thou shall not cheat them of their stipends3. Thou shall sanctify the friars, Sundays or holidays4. Thou shall pawn thyself to pay for the burial of thy

father or mother5. Thou should not die if thou does not have the money

to pay for the internment6. Thou shall not covet his wife7. Thou shall not steal with him8. Thou shall not accuse him even if thou be called a liar9. Thou shall not refuse him your wife10. Thou shall not deny him of your property

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Graciano Lopez-JaenaGraciano Lopez-Jaena

• Born on December 18, 1856 in Jaro, Iloilo.• Prince of Filipino Orators.• Studied at the Colegio Provincial of Jaro under

the care of Father Francisco Jayme who raised him.

• He tried to take up medicine in UST but was rejected due to lack of the required Bachelor of Arts degree.

• He studied medicine at the University of Barcelona but did not finish it.

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• Founder and editor of the La Solidaridad• Fray Butod – a narrative where Jaena exposed

the extreme greed, laziness, cruelty, and lust of the friars.

• Diego Laura – assumed name of Jaena when he went back to the Philippines to solicit more aid for the Propaganda Movement.

• Died of Tuberculosis in Barcelona, Spain at the age of 40 (January 20, 1896)

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Jose Protacio Rizal

• Born in Calamba, Laguna on June 19, 1861.• Studied elementary in Biñan, under Maestro

Justiniano Aquino-Cruz.• He took up high school in Ateneo and his

College in UST taking up Philosophy and Letters and Medicine but failed to finish.

• He continued his studies in Universidad Central de Madrid.

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• Prolific writer of poems, essay, history, novels, satire, and drama.• Sa Aking Mga Kabata – first poem, written when he

was eight years old, urging love of native language.• Mi Primera Inspiraccion (My First Inspiration) –

written in Ateneo, dedicated to his mother.• A La Juventud Filipina (To The Filipino Youth) – won

first prize, written at the age of 18 when he was in UST.

• Ultimo Adios (Last Farewell) – written at his death cell in Fort Santiago on the eve of his execution.

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Novels of Rizal

• Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not ) –, dedicated to the Motherland

• Published in Berlin, Germany in 1887.• El Filibusterismo (Treason) – dedicated to

GOMBURZA• Published in Ghent, Belgium in 1891.• Makamisa – 1891 unfinished

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• Executed in Bagumbayan on December 30, 1896 at the age of 35 years old.

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LA SOLIDARIDAD

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La SolidaridadLa Solidaridad

• The well known newspaper of the propaganda.

• Graciano Lopez-Jaena- first editor

• Marcelo H. Del Pilar – second editor

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• En Filipinas – founded by Eduardo de Lete in 1887; a newspaper that was envisioned to serve as the voice of the movement.– Stopped publication due to lack of funds.

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LA SOLIDARIDAD

• Founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena in Barcelona on February 15, 1889.

• Aims:• To work peacefully for reforms• To portray the sad conditions of the Philippines so

that Spain might remedy them.• To promote liberal ideas and progress• To champion Filipino aspirations for democracy

and happiness.

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Contributors

• Mariano Ponce – Naning, Kalipulako, Tikbalang

• Antonio Luna – Taga-Ilog• Jose Maria Panganiban – Jomapa ,JMP• Jose Rizal – Dimas-Alang, Laong-Laan• Dominador Gomez – Ramiro Franco

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FreemasonryFreemasonry

• Graciano Lopez-Jaena – established the first Filipino Masonic Lodge in Barcelona known as Revolucion.

• Marcelo H. Del Pilar – established the Lodge Solidaridad which was recognized by the Grande Oriente Español

• Jose Rizal – joined Lodge Acacia, his first Masonic Lodge.

• Pedro Serrano Laktaw – founded the first Filipino Masonic Lodge in Manila called Lodge Nilad

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Associacion Hispano-Filipino

• Founded by Filipino Propagandists and their Spanish friends in Madrid on January 12, 1869.

• Officers include:• Miguel Morayta – President• General Felipe de la Corte – Vice-President• Dr. Dominador Gomez - Secretary

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LA LIGA FILIPINA

• The Philippine League• July 3, 1892 – established by Rizal in a house

at Ilaya St. Tondo, Manila • Its constitution was written in Hongkong• Ambrosio Salvador – President• Agustin de la Rosa – Fiscal• Bonifacio Arevalo – Treasurer• Deodato Arellano - Secretary

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Aims of the La Liga Filipina

• To unite the whole archipelago into one compact, vigorous and homogenous body

• Mutual protection in every want and necessity• Defense against all violence and injustice• Encouragement of instruction, agriculture,

and commerce and• Study and application of reforms

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• Motto: Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All)• The Constitution was written by Rizal in Hong

Kong.• This Constitution provided for the creation of a

Provincial Council for every province, and a Popular Council for every town.

• Every Filipino who loves the Philippines is qualified to be a member.

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• 3 days after its establishment, Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol ordered the arrest and exile of Rizal in Dapitan.

• Andres Bonifacio – exerted efforts to organize chapters in various districts of Manila.

• Due to lack of funds and Rizal’s arrest, the La Liga split into two groups:– Cuerpo de Compromisarios –pledged to continue

supporting the La Solidaridad– Katipunan – radicals headed by Bonifacio

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Some Reforms Granted by Spain

• Abolition of the tobacco monopoly in 1882.• Abolition of the hated tribute in 1885.• Creation of the office of civil governor for

every regular province and making the alcalde mayor as judge of the court of first instance.

• Extension of the Spanish Penal Code to the Philippines in 1887.

• Establishment of city government in Cebu, Iloilo, Jaro, Batangas, Albay, Naga and Vigan.

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END OF THE PROPAGANDA

1. Tragic failure of the ReformsA. La Solidaridad closed due to lack of fundsB. Rizal was exiled in DapitanC. Panganiban, Jaena, and Del Pilar died in

poverty