prop 8 opinion

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  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    1/128

    !"#$%&'()*+,)"-

    !"#$%&'($)$%('*+!,$'+-')..%)/(

    '-+,'$0%'"#"$0'*#,*!#$

    1,#($#"'23'.%,,45'()"&,)'63

    ($#%,5'.)!/'$3'1)$)2#5'7%--,%4'73

    8),,#//+9

    '''''''''''''''''''''.:;

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    2/128

    '''''''''''''''''''''&C?C=T;=>@9

    0)1A(0#"G'H#//#)2'$)29

    '''''''''''''''''''''#=>CDEC=FDA&C?C=T;=>9

    ''';=T

    &%""#('0+//#"G(H+,$05'G)#/'73

    1"#G0$5'2),$#"'-3'G!$#%,,%85

    2),1')3'7)"((+"5

    .,+$%*$2),,#)G%3*+2'A'4%('+"

    ]9')'.,+7%*$'+-'*)/#-+,"#)

    ,%"%H)/9';@'F??CDEC=FDA&C?C=T;=>@'A

    )BBC::;=>@3

    1,#($#"'23'.%,,45'()"&,)'63

    ($#%,5'.)!/'$3'1)$)2#5'7%--,%4'73

    8),,#//+9

    '''''''''''''''''''''.:;

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    3/128

    2),1'63'0+,$+"9'

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    4/128

    AbA

    "F3'VWAVXXYX[

    )DPMCT';=T'(MNL>CT'&CJCLNCD'X9'\WVW

    (;='-D;=J

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    5/128

    A^A

    @>;>M@9';::'B;D>I;>'.DFBF@'F=:K3'#>'@>D;>C9'FD';=K'F>ICD

    ;M>IFDIC'D'>F'FN>;F'TC@JDICDC?FDC'JFM:T'=F>'I;EC'NCC='C=;J>CT'>F';TE;=JC'*;:

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    6/128

    AXA

    NC?FDC'>IC'*FMD>3j'-.$*//&'(&0*1+/$%9'ZZY'!3(3'X\Y9'XZV'`VY^Wa3'HIC>ICD'M=TCD'>IC

    *F=@>M>IC'D'>F'L;DDK9';'D'>I;>'I;@

    :F=P'NCC='C=kFKCT'NK'FBBF@CA@Cd'JFMB:C@9'';=T'I'C'IC'DC@F:M>@'L;K'=F>';=T'@IFM:T

    =F>';N@>;

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    7/128

    A_A

    6C?FDC'JF=@M>IC'D@'F?'@;LCA@Cd'JFMB:C@'>F'L;DDK9'cC'?'TCJIC'F??F';BBC;:'>IC'TCJ

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    8/128

    A]A

    >IC'kMTPLC=>'C=>CDCT'NK'?FDLCD'*IIC'N;@IC'(>;>C'F?'*;:

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    9/128

    AYA

    ;>$%$+?$&/

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    10/128

    '$IC'* ;:

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    11/128

    `333JF=>CDL@'F?'>IC'@>;>C'JF=@>M>

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    12/128

    AV\A

    kM@>

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    13/128

    AVZA

    ;=T'F?'@;LCA@Cd'JFMB:C@'F='>IC'F>ICDj'ECT'>IC'CeM;:'BDF>CJ>

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    14/128

    AVbA

    >IC' JFMD>' TC>CDLIC'*;:

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    15/128

    AV^A

    DCJFP=

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    16/128

    AVXA

    D@'l;D>CT'IC'F??CDL' hL;DDI C' M=>CD' F?' @>;>C

    JF=@>M>' :C;EIC' F>ICD' Cd>DCLC:K' @

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    17/128

    '$IC'TD'JFMD>'@MN@CeMC=>:K'TC=

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    18/128

    `333JF=>'NK'>IDCC'=F=AB;D>K'FDP;=@R'CLCDPC=JK

    BC>F'BDFIDDC;LF';'?Cc'?CTCD;:'JFMD>IFM@C@

    ;DFM=T'>IC'JFM=>DK3'$IC'(MBDCLC'*FMD>'>IC='PD;=>CT'.DFBF=C=>@R';BB:CLBFD;DK';=T'CEC=>M;::K'BCDL;=C=>'@>;K'F?'>IC'NDF;TJ;@>3'D"441+8,."%/ICD'>IIC'@BFM@C@';DC'F?'>IC'@;LC'FD'FBBF@C

    @CdC@9'13(';>'YXYA_W5'`Za'TFLC@>F'L;DDK'cFM:T'=F>

    ;??CJ>'>IC'=MLNCD'FD'@>;NIC'JI@'L;DDK9';=T'>ICK'?;DC'kM@>';@'cC::';@

    JI@9' 13(' ;>' Y_Z9' Y]WA]V5' `Xa' .DFBF@F'L;DDK'NM>'T';=K'F>ICD'@MN@>;=>ICK'C=kFKCT9' 13(';>'Y__5';=T'`]a

    >IC'J;LB;' L;TC' CK' ?CT' >IC

    DC:CE;=>'JF=J:M@

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    19/128

    'H IFM>'CdB:;=;>CD';'@CB;D;>C'TCJ:;D;>FDK^

    kMTPLC=>';@'.:;

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    20/128

    ' HC' E;J;>CT' @MNL' FMD' eMC@>

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    21/128

    '):>IFMPI'cC'DCPDC>'>IC'TC:;K'>I;>'FMD'=CCT'>F'DC@F:EC'>IC'>I;>'>IF'>IC'*;:

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    22/128

    A\\A

    CDEC=C';@';'TC?C=T;=>9';=T';>C'#G,/'NC'BCDL>CT'>F'CDEC=C'

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    23/128

    '(CC';:@F'!1?

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    24/128

    A\bA

    `VYY_a9'>F'JFLL;=T';'@>;>C'>F'>;SC'Fc=CD@IC'PC=CD;>CT'cIF'T;>C'cICDC';'@>;>C'@I;::

    :FJ;>C'@'J;B;:9',$$&:"54$&'(&-#1/'=CCT'TC>CDLI;>

    >IC'@>;>C'I;@'@M??CDCT';'I;DL'@M??IC'B;D>K'@CCSF';>C'>F'DCBDC@C=>'@'CDC@>

    I;>'I;DL3

    .DFBF=C=>@' J:;' >IC' CDC@>' F?' >IC' .CFB:C' F?' *;:

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    25/128

    A\^A

    0CDC9'M=:

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    26/128

    A\XA

    HC';DC'NFM=T'>F';JJCB>'>IC'*;:

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    27/128

    A\_A

    #>'L;>>CD@'=F>'cIC>ICD'?CTCD;:'JFMD>@'>I

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    28/128

    A\]A

    Fc='CDC@>@3j'23('.:;

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    29/128

    A\YA

    H*%/1?G4*%1E$3&1+/$%$,/&IFDK'>F';@@CD>'>IC'-/*/$J,

    1+/$%$,/'IC':;>>CD'>KBC'F?'CDC@>3'0$%%5&K229'VZb'*;:3',B>D3'ZT';>

    ^V^'`i6CJ;M@C'lFMDm'JF=J:M@@';DC';M>IFD'>IC'(>;>CR@

    CDC@>m'F'@MBBFD>';=';??F'>IC'eMC@>

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    30/128

    ' :>(&:1/5&">&N",&B+8$4$,&'(&N5"+,9'bXV'!3(3'Y^9'VVZ'`VY]Za'`il$mIC'@>;>C'JFMD>@

    VW

    =CCT'=F>'IC'@;LC'@>;=TI;>'PFECD='?CTCD;:AJFMD>

    BDFJCCTICF' M@C' IC'JF=TMJ>'F?':;c'C=?FDJCLC=>';M>IFDIIC'DF:C'F?';'?CTCD;:'JFMD>'3'3'3'3ja3

    AZWA

    $F'NC'J:C;D9'cC'TF'=F>'@MPPC@>'>I;>'@>;>C':;c'I;@';=K'iBFcCD'T:K'>F'C=:;DPC

    FD'JF=>D;J>'?CTCD;:'kMD

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    31/128

    AZVA

    ;BBC::;=>@'ICDC3'$ICK'BF@@C@@')D>;=TC'>IR@'kMTPLC=>'IC'TD'JFMD>R@'TCJ';'BCDL;=C=>''cC'DCECDLI;>'TCJ;=T;DT' >I;>' ;BB:I'*

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    32/128

    AZ\A

    M@M;::K' JF=JCD=' lF=:Km'>IC' ' ;DC'PC=CD;:'?;J>@'cIIC

    >DICD'@FLC'F?'>IC'TD'JFMD>R@'?CD@3j'HC'=CCT'=F>'DC@F:EC'cI;>'@>;=T;DT'F?'DCEF';=K'@MJI'?F'cIIF@C'JF=JCD='F?'.DFBF@I;>

    .DFBF=C=>@'JFLLM=CT'>F'>IC'EF>CD@'>F'C=JFMD;PC'>IC3Rj

    9*%,IC

    TD'JFMD>'>I;>'L;>>CD@' >F' FMD';=;:K@I;>' ilTmFLC@>IC' T

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    33/128

    AZZA

    >ICDC?FDC' TFC@' =F>' I' @>;=T;DT' cC' M@C' >F' DCE(&N"?C'M:>C:K'N;@C'FMD'TCJM;:R' ?;=T;DT' F?' DCE;=T;DT'F?',M:C'^\`;a';BB:IC'S@';>'F'>IC'LCD@'F?'.DFBF@M>IC'&MC'.DFJC@@'*:;M@C9',$$&0$%%5&2K9'_Wb'-3' (MBB3'\T' ;>' YYVAY^5';=T'@CJF=T9'

    CdJ:MTC@'@;LCA@Cd'JFMB:C@'?DFL'@>;>CA@BF=@FDCT'L;DDF'>I;>'IF=FDCT'@>;>M@9'

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    34/128

    AZbA

    >;DPC>CT'?FD'>IC'TCBDI' ;BB:IC' @BCJ

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    35/128

    '#='DCkCJ>'>I;>'.DFBF@;>C'JF=@>M>;>C@

    >IC'C??CJ>'F?'.DFBF@;:'@>;>C'JF=@>M>F' @MPPC@>' >I;>' >IC' BDFBF@M>CJ>;>C'CeM;:'BDF>CJ>

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    36/128

    AZXA

    ;=T'NC=C?@j';@';='FBBF@CA@Cd'M=@'>ICL'i>F'>IC'@;LC'DC@BF=@

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    37/128

    AZ_A

    .DFBF@'>IC@C'D@'FD';=K'F?'>IC'F>ICD''ihJF=@>M>CCT'>F'@;LCA@Cd'JFMB:C@';=T'>IC' XV' `eMF>' b Zba3' #=' ;T FB >IC'.CFB:C'@IC'TC@

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    38/128

    AZ]A

    @>;>C';=T'>IC'JFLLM=K9';=T'>I;>'@CDEC@';@';'@KLNF:9':'Y_V3

    HC' =CCT' JF=@IC' L;=K' c;K@' IC' cFDT

    hL;DD

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    39/128

    ' :>(&9*%%1*8$&:*,$,9'V]Z'.3ZT';>'bZbAZ^'`il&mD;cF'>IC'?;LIFMPI'>IC'M=TCD:K

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    40/128

    `333JF=>F' >IC' ?;LIC'IFDIC'JF=@>M>F'L;DDK3ja3

    AbWA

    HC'@C>'>I'CE;:M;>C'.DFBF@M>M;:';=T'@BCJ'>IC'FFS';c;K'>IC'@>;>M@';=T'>IC'TIC'iF??I;>'>IC

    ?;L'F?'JFLB;D;N:C'@>;>MDC'FD'CeM;:'TF'>IC'?;L'b^\3

    $IC'eMC@>ICDC?FDC'JF=@IIC'.CFB:C'F?'*;:

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    41/128

    AbVA

    .DFBF=C=>@'DC@'>IIC'*;:

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    42/128

    Ab\A

    PDFMB' >IC' D' >F' FN>;CD';'cCCS9';'KC;D9'FD';'TCJ;TC3'$IC';J>II;='TFC@' >IC'

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    43/128

    AbZA

    T3'##9'o'ZWN3

    )LC=TLC=>'\' c;@'BDFBF@CT'F' ;'=MLNCD'F?':FJ;:'FDT'\'c;@'i>F'DCBC;:j'>IF@C':FJ;:':;c@';=T'i>F'BDFI;:

    C=>K'?DFL';TFB>CJ>

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    44/128

    ' !"#$%'T'\9'CEC='>IFMPI'>ICVZ

    ;LC=TLC=>' >;DPC>CT' P;K@' ;=T' :C@N

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    45/128

    Ab^A

    TCJDCC'3'3'3'BM>l@m'lIFLF@CdM;:@m'Fj';=';=>';@BCJ>

    F?'IML;='DC:;>F';LC=T'>IC'(>;>C'*F=@>M>IC

    kMTPLC=>'F?'>IC'TD'JFMD>3

    $F'NC'@MDC9'>ICDC';DC'@FLC'T

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    46/128

    AbXA

    I;@' ;' :C@@' @cCCBI;=' T' \3'"CECD>IC:C@@9' .DFBF@

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    47/128

    '6CJ;M@C'cC' TF'=F>';TTDC@@'>IC'eMC@>IC'JF=@>M>&S$.&M"%C&BG/ICL9'IFcCECD9'i>I;='c;@' C@@C=>;' DC@F:ECT9' ;=T' =F

    DC@F:M>ICL'L;K'NC'IC'JF=@>M>'6*C$%&cFM:T'PFECD=

    >I;>'eMC@>'iTFJ>D

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    48/128

    Ab]A

    BMD@MC9'=F>'kM@>'F=C'>I;>'cFM:T'NC':CPC'?FD';'BDC';J>FD3' -$$&13(&;>'XZ\9'XZ^3

    $IC'eMC@>IC=9'

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    49/128

    '#=TCCT9';@'>IC'*FMD>'FN@CDECT9'=F>'F=:K'TFC@'>IC'-FMD>CC=>I')LC=TLC=>'=F>V^

    BDFIM>C3'!"#$%9'^V_'!3(3';>'X\]`CLBI;@IC'*FLLCDJC'*:;M@Ca3

    AbYA

    PC=CD;::K'>IDFMPIFM>'>IC'!=CT'(>;>C@3Rj'.DFBF=C=>@R',CB:K'6D3'_X'`eMF>II;>'cCDC'DCBC;:CT'NK')LC=TLC=>

    \'CJ>3 ',;>ICD9'il@m>;>C@'I;lTm'?

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    50/128

    '$IC'BDF>CJ>VX

    cIC>ICD'>IC',/*/$'">&/CD')LC=TLC=>'\'c;@'JF=@>M>

    >I;>'>IC'-FMD>CC=>I')LC=TLC=>'TCJ>IC'?'\'C??CJ>CT'JFM:T'NC'kM@>

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    51/128

    A^VA

    :CPC'DC;@F='?FD'cITD;cIC'?'B:;JC3'$IM@9

    cIC='*F=PDC@@9'I;EF'BDFE;LB@'>F'>IC'BFFD''>F'CdJ:MTC'IFM@CIF:T@'F?'M=DC:;>CT'

    M=JF=@>M>M>C';'4$81/1#*/$&PFECD=LC=>;:'CDC@>3j' R(-(&=$HJ/&">&B8%1?(&'(

    9"%$+"9'bVZ'!3(3'^\]9'^Zb'`VY_Za3'#='NF>I'!"#$%&;=T'9"%$+"9'>IC'JF=@>M>IC'(MBDCLC'*FMD>'

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    52/128

    ')TT'@>;>CT'>I;>''icFM:T'=F>'CDBDC>'>IC'-FMD>CC=>IV_

    )LC=TLC=>'>F'DCeMF';TICDC'>F';'kMTM>I;>'*F=@>M>@'?"%39'b^]'!3(3';>'^bW3'#='C=;J>'iTCJ:;DC'>IC

    @>;>C'F?'>IC':;c';@''CdCT'cIC='>IC'9*%%1*8$&:*,$,'TCJ;N:;>C'JF=@>M>I;>';LC=TCT'>IC

    JI;D>CDR@'>Cd>'>F'@MBCD@CTC'>IC'BDCE

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    53/128

    `333JF=>

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    54/128

    '' -$$ '.C>"%3'JF=>DF:@'>IIC'B;JS;PC'F?'JI;>'BDFEIC'*F=@>M>'J;='PD;=>'LFDC'BDF>CJ>I;='>I;>'DCeMIC'!=CT'(>;>C@'*F=@>M>;>C'FD':FJ;:'PFECD=LC=>'J;=

    ;:@F' DC@J

    DCCd>C=@'JFLL>I3'W*,

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    55/128

    ')@' cC'I;EC'=F>CT9'cC' =CCT'=F>'JF=@IC'DC@M:>'cC'TF3'-$$&,GH%*&=F>C

    VZ3

    A^^A

    cIC>ICD'FD'=F>'>IC'-FMD>CC=>I')LC=TLC=>'DCeM'>ICDC?FDC'TCJ'Cd@'>I;>

    kM@>

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    56/128

    A^XA

    J;==F>'I;EC'NCC='D;>ICK';DC':CPC

    @>;>C'CDC@>@3

    7

    $IC'BD@'F??CD'?FD'.DFBF@

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    57/128

    '-FD'>IC'DC;@F=@'CdB:;"%&)UG*4&0%"/$?/1"+&'(&6%G+1+89\W

    b^^'-3ZT']^Y'`]>I'*IC' ?;J>' >I;>' .DFBF@' ;J>' *;:

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    58/128

    `333JF=>CD'@

    C=;J>LC=>3

    .DFBF=C=>@R'@CJF=T';DPMLC=>'ICDC'IC'TC@' ?FD'@;LCA@Cd' JFMB:C@'>F' C=P;PC'

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    59/128

    '2FDCFECD9'T"

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    60/128

    AXWA

    !=TCD!"#$%9''

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    61/128

    AXVA

    J;=JC3'$IC' @;LC' ' >I;>' 'F

    Cd>C=T'>IC'D'>F'M@C'>IC'TC@'BDFJDC;>C9

    NCJ;M@C'>IC'BMDBF@C'F?'>IC'TC@F'DCc;DT'JFMB:C@'cIF'BDFJDC;>C'DC@BF=@F'BDFJDC;>C'>F'L;DDK'?3'HI;>CECD'LCD'>I'L;K'I;ECg;=T';P;IC';DPMLC=>

    F';'?;IC'TC@IC'?'B:;JC5''F';'LC;@MDC'.1/ICL9';=T

    F=:K'>ICL9'M@C'F?'>I;>'TC@@' F?' @FLC' ;L

    .DFBF@'F=:K'BDFLF>C@'DC@BF=@>CD'NM>'BDFLF>C@'>IC'@'IC'M>';TE;=JC@'>IC'@FJ@' BDFJDC;>I;>'I;@'BDFEC='LF@>':IC'DC;DCD@'>IC'@>;>C':;c@'>I;>'PFECD='JIF'>IC':;c@'DCP;DTDMJ>MDC3')@' NC?FDC

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 61 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    62/128

    '$IC'T

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    63/128

    AXZA

    BCD>';@BCJ>@'F?'*;:

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    64/128

    '$IC'FECD'V]9WWW'JFMB:C@'>I;>'TCT'LFDC'>I;='F=CA>I

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    65/128

    `333JF=>'LC;=>9'C;T9'>F'C??CJ>';'BCDL;=C=>'N;='F=';:JFIF:3

    AX^A

    N;DDIC' :CP

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    66/128

    '#='*;:

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    67/128

    AX_A

    >I;>'CEC='NC?FDC'.DFBF@F'JI;=PC'@'DC:IC'DC:I;>'.DFBF@IC' :

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    68/128

    AX]A

    @Cd'L;DDIC'@;LC';@'>D;TIC' QF>CD' #=?FDL;>' ^Xa' `CLBI;@'VZAV^3'4C>';P;CD'.DFBF@;DF:'FECD'>IC'JF=>C=>'F?'@MJI':C@@F=@3')=T'NF>I'NC?FDC';=T';?>CD'.DFBF@;MPI>'>IC'@MBCDICDC?FDC'TIC=9'>IC'D@'F?

    @JIFF:@'>F'JF=>DF:'>IC@'>F'JF=>DF:'>ICC=@IC'TC@F

    @;LCA@Cd'B;D>=CD@ICD'>IC'JF=>C=>'F?'>IC':C@@F=@'>I;>'@JIFF:@'JIFF@C'>F

    >C;JI3'(JIFF:@'>C;JI';NFM>'>IC'cFD:T';@''IC'cFD:T'JI;=PC@9':C@@F=@'JI;=PC3

    )'@I';>CR@'L;DD'>IC'JF=>C=>'F?'J:;@@DFFL

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 68 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    69/128

    AXYA

    DMJ>IC' C:CJ>9'FD'>IC';TFB>'T'>IC@C';@'CLBICL3'6M>'>F'BDF>C@>'>IC

    >C;JIIC@C'?;J>@'

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    70/128

    A_WA

    ;=>=CD@9'TIC'>I@'=Fc'@MPPC@>'cCDC'@'BMDBF@C@3'.DFBF@IC@C'B;D>

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    71/128

    A_VA

    )LC=TLC=>'\'JFM:T'=F>'NC'kM@>

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    72/128

    A_\A

    DC>MD=' >F'>IC'B;@>'cFM:T' BDFTMJC9' ;LFM=>@'>F' ;='IC'T;PC'F'*;:

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    73/128

    A_ZA

    *&?4*,,';=T'TF'DCJCIC'(>;>C'L;SC@';E;F'B;@@'kMTPLC=>'F='@;LCA@Cd'JFMB:C@';@'BCFB:C3'7M@>';@'>IC

    JDF'@MNkCJ>'IFLF@CdM;:

    BCD@F=@'>F'TFF'TFC@'>IC'C:F'M@C'>IC'F??I;>'>ICK'C=kFK';':C@@CD'@FJ;:

    @>;>M@3' #=TCCT9' NCJ;M@C' :;c@' ;??CJ>C

    ;SC'F'L;DDK'cIFLg;@'LMJI';@'>ICK'DCPM:;>C'@>;>M@9'>IC

    (MBDCLC' *FMD>' I;@' iTCJ:M@' ;=T' JF=TMJ>' IC' ;E;'>IC'cFD>I

    ;=T'T

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    74/128

    A_bA

    7M@>' ;@' ;' iTC@' JF=@>M>C' ;' 4$81/1#*/$& PFECD=LC=>;:

    CDC@>9j'9"%$+"9'bVZ'!3(3';>'^Zb9'=CICD'J;=';'LFDC'N;@

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    75/128

    ')'JF=>Cd>M;:'CE;:M;>I'M@C?M:';=T';BBDFBDC';@'B;D>'F?'>IC'iJ;DC?M:\X

    JF=@'C=P;PC'cIC='?;JCT'cI'ilTmI'*'bXZ3'

    A_^A

    8

    $IC'imIC'J;LB;F'FBBF@CA@Cd'DC:;>'YYW3'$C:CEI;>'BCFB:C'F?'?;I';=T'DC:CJ>CT'?DFL'CdBF@MDC'>F'P;K'BCFB:C';=T'>ICCT';JJ;::K3'$IC'@>D;>CP@'DC@BF=@IC'J;LB;F'>IC'TCPDCC'F?

    >F:CD;=JC' *;:

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    76/128

    A_XA

    (JIMNCD>'O'7C??'-:9'0*,,1+8&0%"H&I9'.F:CT'>F'EF>CD@'CDCF>KBC@'F?'P;K@';=T':C@NIDC;>@'>F'JI

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    77/128

    A__A

    C=TCT'>F'KDMJ>MDC'F?'?;LCD'>F'E;J;>C'>IC'kMTPLC=>'F='>IC

    N;@F' DCJM@C' I'>I;>'JFM:T'NC'@MN@>;=>JFLC'F?'>IC

    BDFJCCTI;>'\]'!3(3*3'o'b^^`;a'FN:CT'IF'DCJM@C'IF

    TC=>

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    78/128

    A_]A

    eMC@>F'cIFL'>ICD'*I9'TC='BDFBCD:K'IC:T'>I;>''I;T'kMDI;>'>IC'LF>I;>'*IF

    TC=>'>I;>';'kMTPC

    iJFM:T' NC' ;??CJ>CT' NK' >IC' FM>JFLC' F?' ;' BDFJCCTIC' @;LC'c;K' >I;>' F>ICD

    LCLNCD@'F?'>IC'PC=CD;:'BMN:

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    79/128

    A_YA

    JFMD>R@'TC=F'E;J;>C'>IC'kMTPLC=>'?FD';=';NM@C'F?'T

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    80/128

    '$IC'@>;K'BC=TC3

    A]WA

    >I'TFMN>'>IC';=JC'F?'>IC'LFDC'PC=CD;:'eMC@>IC'D@'F?'@;LCA@Cd'JFMB:C@'>F'L;DDK9'=FD'TF'cC'TFMN>'>I;>'>IC@C

    eMC@>IC'=;>F' JF=J:MTC' >I;>' >IC' .CFB:C' F?' *;:

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    81/128

    A]VA

    *"&-3.($()3,)-;

    -7??@?A

    $ICFTFDC'73'6FM>DFM@9'7D39'*IDFBICD'&3'&M@@C;M:>9'$IC;=C'%E;=PC:>ICc'&3'2JG

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    82/128

    A]\A

    /FM>@'-;L

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    83/128

    A]ZA

    2F@C@9'!3(3' *F=?CDC=JC'F?' *;>IF:

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    84/128

    A]bA

    +DP;=F=9'+,5'?FD')LF9'*)5'?FD')L>FD=CK'GC=CD;:5'$IFL;@'23'-K' )>>FD=CK' GC=CD;:9' (>;>C' F?' #=TJIC::9'(F:K'(F:;>C'F?'QC'F?'2C'*I>FD=CK'GC=CD;:9'(>;>C'F?'#T;IF5'7F='6DM=CD9')>>FD=CK'GC=CD;:9'(>;>C'F?'(FM>I'*;DF:>FD=CK

    GC=CD;:9'(>;>C'F?'!>;I5'6DMJC')3'(;:fNMDP9')>>FD=CK'GC=CD;:9'(>;>C'F?'HKFL

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    85/128

    A]^A

    6;K'/;',;f;'/;cKCD@')@@FJ

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    86/128

    A]XA

    ) TCD@F= ' - D;=uFf9'2;=;>>9'.IC:B@'O'.ICD'&C::F=' 2C>:@SK9' +R2C:EC=K' O' 2KCD@' //.9

    H;@IF=9'&3*35'?FD')L

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    87/128

    A]_A

    7F='H3'&;E

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    88/128

    A]]A

    *C=>CD9')@

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    89/128

    A]YA

    ;=T'%:I'+3'G

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    90/128

    !

    !"##$%&'%(#)*+"#$%!'(!))*)

    $&+,-./0"#1234526#7589:"#4%;45332;9#2;#>:;62;9#2;##=;=EC>2>#=;8#8:42>2%;>#2;##...#=;8#F.#%G#26>

    %:;#6%#?326:#>:62;952>@2;9#2>#G3%A#?@=6#A=C#L:#=;6242S:8#6%#4%;>28:3#6@:#4%;>626562%;=E#K=E2826C#%G#J3%262%;#P#5;8:3#6@:

    !"#$%

    !$&'()'*(+*

    ,-##.'/0'%1.$23'/#$245060'/-527'-!'899$8#6

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 90 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    91/128

    N

    G:8:3=E#1%;>626562%;#/@:#1=E2G%3;2=#,5#=E3:=8C#2;6:3#3=2>:8#@:3:#=3:#6@:#>=A:#=>#6@%>:#3:B:46:8#2;

    (,;"#"#=;8#6@:#4E=2A>#=3:#6@:3:G%3:#G%3:4E%>:8#LC#6@=6#8:42>2%;#/@:#A=B%326C

    82>:>#?26@#(,;"##2;#=#G%%6;%6:#0%?:K:3"#%6@:3#G:8:3=E#4%536>#@=K:#2;824=6:8

    6@=6#(,;"#"#2G#26#2>#;%6#4%;63%EE2;9"#=6#E:=>6#>6=;8>#G%3#:]:342>2;9#T3:>63=2;6U#?@:;#26

    4%A:>#6%#=883:>>2;9#85:#>#=;8#:[5=E##=9=2;>6#E=?>

    =A:(>:]#4%5#=3/3>"+-%0)#%?@6,2%!#)/"4/3)+%&'

    (#6+3+A"#XYY#^&W8#PY*"#PV'#HP6@#123N'')IM#-""%,2-)%B32-)+%&'%C;""#WYX#^,5

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    92/128

    W

    Q;26:8#,6=6:>#,5D#4E=2A>"#%;:

    A5>6#G%EE%?#26#%3#82>62;952>@#26&

    #"

    .;#(,;"#%&'%:#LC#=#-2;;:>%6=

    4%5;6C#4E:3S#!*!#$&`&N8#!PY"#!PY#H-2;;!*V!I#O:4=5>:#6@:C#?:3:#8:;2:8#6@:

    E24:;>:"#6@:#6?%#A:;#G2E:8#>526#=>S2;9#6@=6#6@:#4%536#G%34:#6@:#4E:3S#6%#93=;6#6@:

    E24:;>:%D7'##.;#-2;;:>%6=#,6=656:>#4Y!V"#6@:#-2;;:>%6=#>6=6:#E:92>E=653:#@=8

    4%82G2:8#6@=6#6@:#>6=6:#T8a28b#;%6#=56@%32R:#A=332=9:#L:6?::;#%;>#%G#6@:#>=A:

    >:]&U##D7'#=6#!P)#Z;#=%6=#>6=656:>#=A:(>:]

    4%5#8:;2:8#6@:##T6@:#:[5=E#U#=>#95=3=;6::8#LC

    6@:#^%536::;6@#\A:;8A:;6#D7'##/@:#-2;;:>%6=#,5#;%6#%GG:;8:8#LC#6@:

    >6=6:D>#4E=>>2G24=62%;#%G#%;>#=56@%32R:8#6%#A=33C&U##D7'#=6#!PV#Z;#=

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    93/128

    X

    ?@24@#6@:#A=332=9:#3:E=62%;#L:6?::;#26>#%?;#4262R:;>#>@=EE#L:#43:826:8#&U#

    !"++)$"#%&'%#@=K2;9

    A%3:#6%#8%#?26@#6@:#A%3=E>#=;8#42K2E2R=62%;#%G#=#:;62=E#6%#4%;>62656:#A=332=9:"#6@:#8562:>#=;8

    %LE29=62%;>#26#43:=6:>"#26>#:GG:46>#5#?@24@#A=C#4%;>62656:#93%5;8>

    G%3#26>#82>>%E562%;&

    F,$+,#7%&'%9322"#!NY#Q&,!*'"#N'Y#H!PPPI&

    \>#75>624:#,6:?=36#%#4%;4533:;4:#2;#G,H2)4;3%&'%I"75,32"#=#,6=6:#

    A=C#2;#A=;C#42345A>6=;4:>#=L>%E56:EC#=C#6@=6#;%#%;:#4=;#A=33C#@2>#%3

    @:3#>2LE2;9"#6@=6#;%#%;:#4=;#A=33C#?@%#2>#;%6#=6#E:=>6#!X#C:=3>#%E8"#6@=6

    ;%#%;:#4=;#A=33C#?26@%56#G23>6#>2;9#=;#:]=A2;=62%;#G%3#K:;:3:=E

    82>:=>:"#%3#6@=6#;%#%;:#4=;#A=33C#?@%#@=>#=#E2K2;9#@5>L=;8#%3#?2G:&

    XWX#Q&,WVX"#W*N#H!*VPI#H,6:?=36"#7&"#4%;45332;9I&

    /@:#>5AA=3C#82>A2>>=E#%G#=;#=6=;62=E#G:8:3=E

    [5:>62%;#2>#=#8:42>2%;#%;#6@:#A:326>#934;-%&'%F3#,+7,"#XNN#Q&,WWN"#WXX#H!*VYI

    TaQb;E:>>#=;8#5;62E#6@:#,5@%5E8#2;>63546#%6@:3?2>:"#2;G:32%3#G:8:3=E

    4%536>#@=8#L:>6#=8@:3:#6%#6@:#K2:?#6@=6#2G#6@:#1%536#@=>#L3=;8:8#=#[5:>62%;#=>

    5;>5L>6=;62=E"#26#3:A=2;>#>%#:]4:

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    94/128

    Y

    %6@:3?2>:#&U#%D7'#H2;6:3;=E#[5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8I#Tadb%?:3#4%536>#=3:#L%5;8

    LC#>5AA=3C#8:42>2%;>#LC#a6@:#,554@#62A:#=>#6@:#1%536#2;G%3A>

    H6@:AI#6@=6#H6@:CI#=3:#;%6&U##D7'#=6#WXXcXY#H2;6:3;=E#[5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8I

    T,5AA=3C#R>A2>>=E>#G%3#?=;6#%G#=#>5L>6=;62=E#G:8:3=E#[5:>62%;#:B:46#6@:

    >#:;6:8#2;#6@:#>6=6:A:;6#%G#B532>82462%;#=;8#8%#E:=K:

    5;82>653L:8#6@:#B589A:;6#=>5:>#:;6:8#=;8#;:4:>>=32EC

    8:428:8#LC#6@%>:#=462%;>&U##F,+7"2%&'%(#,72"$"#XWN#Q&,!VW"#!V)#H!*VVI#H"#Ta=b#>5AA=3C#82>262%;#=GG23A>#%;EC#6@:#B589A:;6#%G#6@:#4%536

    L:E%?"#=;8#;%#A%3:#A=C#L:#3:=8#2;6%#a6@:b#=462%;#6@=;#?=>#:>>:;62=E#6%#>5>6=2;#6@=6

    B589A:;6&U##D22'%8/,/"%(7'%)0%?2"4/3)+-%&'%8)43,23-/%B)#;"#-%!,#/$"#XX'#Q&,!VW"

    !PNcPW#H!*V*I#H426=62%;#%A266:8I#Te5:>62%;>#?@24@#fA:3:EC#E53S#2;#6@:#3:4%38D#=3:

    ;%6#3:>%EK:8"#=;8#;%#3:>%E562%;#%G#6@:A#A=C#L:#2;G:33:8&U##D7'%=6#!PW#H426=62%;

    %A266:8I&

    /@:#B532>82462%;=E#>6=6:A:;6>#:;6:8#6%#6@:#Q;26:8#,6=6:>#,5#G%EE%?>g

    !#`@:6@:3#==E#6%#>=;462GC#=

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    95/128

    )

    >6=656:>"#6%#>=;462GC#=:#L%6@#=3:#%G#6@:#A=E:

    >:]#K2%E=6:>#6@:23#329@6>#5;8:3#6@:#:[5=E#:#%G#6@:

    ^%536::;6@#\A:;8A:;6&

    W#`@:6@:3#==E#6%#>=;462GC#=6#=883:>>#?@:6@:3#6@:#[5:>62%;#L:G%3:#5>#2;K%EK:>#T6@:#:

    2>>5:>#:;6:8#=;8#;:4:>>=32EC#8:428:8#LCU#(,;"#%&'%54@#6@=6#6@:

    ,5#>5AA=3C#82>A2>>=E#?%5E8#@=K:#>5:>#?:3:#:;6:8#G%3#3:K2:?g

    !#`@:6@:3#aJ3%b#@=K:#>6=;82;9#6%#=

    B589A:;6&

    N#`@:6@:3#J3%262%;#P#K2%E=6:>#6@:#_5:#J3%4:>>#1E=5>:#%G#6@:

    ^%536::;6@#\A:;8A:;6#6%#6@:#Q;26:8#,6=6:>#1%;>626562%;&

    W#`@:6@:3#J3%262%;#P#K2%E=6:>#6@:#h[5=E#J3%6:462%;#1E=5>:#%G#6@:

    ^%536::;6@#\A:;8A:;6#6%#6@:#Q;26:8#,6=6:>#1%;>626562%;&

    JE=2;62GG(.;6:3K:;%3#126C#=;8#1%5;6C#%G#,=;#^3=;42>4%#H@:3:2;=G6:3#,=;#^3=;42>4%I

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 95 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    96/128

    ##`@:6@:3#=A:(>:]#4%5#K2%E=6:>#85:#>!

    ?=>#=;#2>>5:#:;6:8#=;8#8:428:8#2;#(,;"#%&'%63246

    4%536#8:6:3A2;:8#6@=6#T#>::S#6%#:]:342>:#6@:23#G5;8=A:;6=E#329@6#6%#A=33C

    5;8:3#6@:#_5:#J3%4:>>#1E=5>:"U#!"##$%&'%845*,#>"+"AA"#"#V'X#^,5>#1E=5>:"

    L:4=5>:#26#8:;2:8#JE=2;62GG>#6@2>#G5;8=A:;6=E#329@6#=;8#828#;%6#?26@>6=;8#>63246

    >43562;C#D7'#=6#**Xc*Y#O56#2;#(,;"#"#6@:#-2;;:>%6=#,5:]#4%5#828#;%6#%GG:;8#6@:#_5:#J3%4:>>

    1E=5>:##!*!#$&`&W8#=6#!P)cPV#O:4=5>:#6@:#Q;26:8#,6=6:>#,562%;#=>#5;>5L>6=;62=EU#2;#26>#>5AA=3C#82>A2>>=E"#6@:#85:

    >#2>>5:#T3:A=2;>#>%#:]4::&U#

    934;-%&'%F3#,+7,"#XNN#Q&,=6#WXX#H2;6:3;=E#[5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8I#/@:#Q;26:8

    ,6=6:>#,5:>#G%EE%?2;9#(,;"#%8%#;%6#>599:>6#=;C#>54@#8%4632;=E

    8:K:E%#@=K:#%44533:8#8"":%"'A'"#J,*#"+4"%&'%K"L,-"#YW*#Q&,YYP"#YVPHN''WI#HTa/@2>#4=>:b#8%:>#;%6#2;K%EK:#?@:6@:3#6@:#9%K:3;A:;6#A5>6#92K:#G%3A=E

    3:4%9;262%;#6%#=;C#3:E=62%;>@2:]5=E#%;>#>::S#6%#:;6:3&U#H2;6:3;=E

    [5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8II&

    V

    :;6:8#6@:#G%EE%?2;9#=88262%;=E#2>>5:#G%3#3:K2:?g

    !#`@:6@:3#J3%262%;#P"#=#4%;>626562%;=E#=A:;8A:;6#=8%

    =;8#9=C#A:;"#K2%E=6:>#6@:#h[5=E#J3%6:462%;#1E=5>:#%G#6@:#G:8:3=E

    1%;>626562%;#?@:3:#26>#:GG:46#2>#6%#3:A%K:#6@:#@%;%3:8#626E:#TA=332=9:U

    L56#;%6#6@:#2;428:;6>#%G#A=332=9:#G3%A#>=A:(>:]#4%5"#=;8#26>

    #6%#3:A%K:#6@:#6=2;6#6@=6#26>#>52%;

    %G#E:>L2=;#=;8#9=C#4%5#?%3S:8#%;#6@:#2;>626562%;#%G#A=332=9:&

    /@:#:[5=E#62%;#3=2>:8#2;#6@2>#4=>:#>::A>#6%#L:#82>62;952>@=LE:

    G3%A#6@:#:#2>>5:>#:;6:8#=;8#;:4:>>=32EC#8:428:8#2;#(,;"#"#:>5:#2>#G3=A:8#=>#,=;#^3=;42>4%#=8K%4=6:>& ##/@:#:[5=E!

    >5:#8:428:8#2;#(,;"#%3:>6:8#%;#?@:6@:3#-2;;:>%6=D>#T3:G5>=E"#5=;6

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 96 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    97/128

    P

    6%#-2;;:>%6=#A=332=9:#>6=656:>"#6%#>=;462GC#=#6@:23

    329@6>#5;8:3#6@:#:[5=E#:#&U##D+%#"%E,+76"#W!Y#O&+=6#!WV#0:3:"

    ,=;#^3=;42>4%#:;6>#6@:#2>>5:#%G#?@:6@:3#J3%262%;#PD>#:GG:46#%G#T3:A%Ka2;9b

    6@:#@%;%3:8#626E:#fA=332=9:D#L56#;%6#6@:#2;428:;6#%G#A=332=9:#G3%A#>=A:(>:]

    4%5U#K2%E=6:>#:[5=E##J3%262%;#P#2>>5:#A=C#@=K:#TA:3:EC

    E53Sa:8b#2;#6@:#3:4%38U#%G#(,;"##Q;E2S:#-2;;:>%6="#1=E2G%3;2=#93=;6:8#>=A:(>:]

    4%5#329@6>#6%#L%6@#6@:#8:>29;=62%;#=;8#6@:#2;428:;6>#%G#A=332=9:"#L:G%3:

    ?26@83=?2;9#6@:#329@6#%G#=44:>>#6%#6@:#8:>29;=62%;#6@3%59@#J3%262%;#P

    /@:3:G%3:"#6@:#4%;>626562%;=E26C#%G#?26@83=?2;9#G3%A#>=A:(>:]#4%5#6@:#329@6#%G

    =44:>>#6%#6@:#8:>29;=62%;#%G#A=332=9:#8%:>#;%6#>::A#6%#L:#=A%;9#6@:#T>U#3=2>:8#2;#(,;"##.G#>%"#6@%59@#6@:##;%6#4@=EE:;9:8#LC#6@2>#8:42>2%;"#>54@##82>62;952>@=LE:#G3%A

    6@:#8:42>2%;#%G#6@:#82>63246#4%536#@:3:&

    !!"

    .;#8:4282;9#6@2>#4=>:"#%;:#>@%5E8#L:#A2;8G5E#6@=6#9:;:3=EEC#>6=6:#9%K:3;=;4:

    %K:3#A=332=9:#2>#;%6#4@=EE:;9:8#:=>2EC#0%?:K:3"#?@2E:#TA=332=9:#2>#=#>%42=E

    3:E=62%;#>5LB:46#6%#6@:#,6=6:D>#

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    98/128

    *

    3:95E=62%;#T4%;6=2;2;9#3=42=E#4E=>>2G24=62%;>"U#>54@#=>#6@:#%;:#=6#2>>5:#2;#J)&3+A"#2>

    >5LB:46#6%#T6@:#K:3C#@:=KC#L538:;#%G#B5>62G24=62%;#?@24@#6@:#^%536::;6@

    \A:;8A:;6#@=>#63=8262%;=EEC#3:[523:8#%G#>6=6:#>6=656:>#83=?;#=44%382;9#6%#3=4:&U#

    D7'#=6#*#0%?:K:3"#;%6#T:K:3C#>6=6:#3:95E=62%;#?@24@#3:E=6:>#2;#=;C#?=C#6%#6@:

    2;428:;6>#%G#%3#26:>#G%3#A=332=9:#A5>6#L:#>5LB:46:8#6%#329%3%5>#>43562;C&U#

    G,H2)4;3"#XWX#Q&,=6#WP)#HA=B%326C#%#;%6#2;K%EK:#>54@

    =#>5>>2G24=62%;#=;8#6@:3:G%3:#>@%5E8#;%6#L:#=;=ECR:8#5;8:3#=;C#@:29@6:;:8

    >43562;C"#L56#?:#A5>6#>62EE#=>S#T?@:6@:3#6@:3:#2>#=;C#3=62%;=E#G%5;8=62%;#G%3#6@:

    82>432A2;=62%;ab#&U##8""%J)&3+A"#WPP#Q&,=6#*'#

    #"

    /@:#JE=2;62GG>"#,=;#^3=;42>4%"#=;8#6@:23#>5:#%G#6@:

    ^%536::;6@#\A:;8A:;6#0%?:K:3"#L:4=5>:#J3%262%;#P#2>#T=#4E=>>2G24=62%;

    ;:26@:3#2;K%EK2;9#G5;8=A:;6=E#329@6>#;%3#5>"U#9"22"#%&'

    N)":%Y'*#Q&,W!N"#W!*#H!**WI"#.#8%#;%6#=883:>>#6@:#=43562;C

    3:K2:?#6%#J3%262%;#P#Q;8:3#>63246#>43562;C#3:K2:?"#6@:#9%K:3;A:;6#?%5E8#;::8

    6%#:>6=LE2>@#6@=6#6@:#4E=>>2G24=62%;#2>#;:4:>>=3C#6%#=4@2:K:#=#4%A6"#=;8#6@:3:#A5>6#;%6#L:#=#E:>>#%;:3%5>#=K=2E=LE:#=E6:3;=62K:

    /@:#Q;26:8#,6=6:>#,5#;%6#3:4%9;2R:8#6@=6#6@:#G5;8=A:;6=E#329@6#6%

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 98 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    99/128

    !'

    A=33C#2;4E58:>#=#G5;8=A:;6=E#329@6#6%#9=C#A=332=9:#8""%J,*#"+4""#YW*#Q&,=6

    YVP#i=C>#=;8#E:>L2=;>#=3:#;%6#=#>5>2(>5>>#93A5%K"45%O,$-

    &'%N"0'%D+76-'%8"4'%=2",#,+4"%P0034":%P*Y#^&N8#Y)W"#YVW#H*6@#123!**'I#

    .#=E>%#8%#;%6#=883:>>#2;6:3A:82=6:#>43562;C#L:4=5>:#,5#;:K:3#@:E8#6@=6#>:]5=E#%32:;6=62%;#2>#=#T[5=>2(>5>>2G24=62%;&U#

    8""%=3/$%)0%=2"H6#+"%&'%=2"H6#+"%J3&3+A%=/#':%XVW#Q&,WN"#XX!cXN#H!*PYI#Q;8:3

    6@=6#>6=;8=38#%G#3:K2:?"#9:;:3=EEC#="#6@:

    9%K:3;A:;6#?%5E8#;::8#6%#:>6=LE2>@#6@=6#6@:#4E=>>2G24=62%;#2>#>5L>6=;62=EEC#3:E=6:8#6%

    =;#2A6#8""%37'#=6#XX!&

    /@5>"#J3%262%;#P#2>#>5LB:46#6%#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#3:K2:?#3=6@:3#6@=;#6%#=;C

    @:29@6:;:8#>43562;C#8""%37'#=6#XX'cXN&

    $"

    T/@:#^%536::;6@#\A:;8A:;6D>#:#6@=6#;%#%;#>@=EE#L:#8:;2:8#6@:

    :[5=E##A5>6#4%:]2>6#?26@#6@:#>26C#6@=6#A%>6

    E:92>E=62%;#4E=>>2G2:>#G%3#%;:#>:>>2;9#6@:#4%;>626562%;=E26C#%G#A%>6#9%K:3;A:;6#A:=>53:>"#?:#5>:#3=62%;=E

    L=>2>#3:K2:?#2;#=;#=66:A

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    100/128

    !!

    L:=3>#=#3=62%;=E#3:E=62%;#6%#>%A:#E:9262A=6:#:;8&U##D7'#

    .;#:[5=E#2>"#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#3:K2:?#T2>#;%6#=#E24:;>:#G%3#4%536>

    6%#B589:#6@:#?2>8%A"#G=23;:>>"#%3#E%924#%G#E:92>E=62K:#4@%24:>&U##9"22"#"#Y'*#Q&,=6

    W!*#H2;6:3;=E#[5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8I#\#4E=>>2G24=62%;#T;:26@:3#2;K%EK2;9

    G5;8=A:;6=E#329@6>#;%3#5>#2>#=44%38:8#=#>63%;9

    5A#%A266:8I&

    \88262%;=EEC"#6@:#9%K:3;A:;6#T@=>#;%#%LE29=62%;#6%#5>6=2;#6@:#3=62%;=E26C#%G#=#>6=656%3C#4E=>>2G24=62%;&U#%D7'##/@:#A:=>53:#=6#2>>5:#T2>

    ;%6#>5LB:46#6%#4%5363%%A#G=46G2;82;9#=;8#A=C#L:#L=>:8#%;#3=62%;=E#>5

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    101/128

    !N

    [5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8I#^536@:3"#=#E:92>E=653:D>#9:;:3=E2R=62%;>#A=C#>#3=62%;=E

    L=>2>#3:K2:?#T:K:;#?@:;#6@:3:#2>#=;#2A#=;8#:;8>&U##D7'#=6

    WN!#.;#>5A"#6@:#A:=>53:#;::8#%;EC#@=K:#T=395=LE:U#=>>5A#5;8:3EC2;9#26>

    T2LE:#3=62%;=E:>U#6%#>53K2K:#4%;>626562%;=E#4@=EE:;9:#D7'#=6#WWW&

    0%?:K:3"#T:K:;#6@:#>6=;8=38#%G#3=62%;=E26C#A5>6#G2;8#>%A:#G%%62;9#2;#6@:

    3:=E262:>#%G#6@:#>5LB:46#=883:>>:8#LC#6@:#E:92>E=62%;&U##D7'#=6#WN!#\E>%"#>%A:

    2;6:3:>6>#=3:#;%6#E:9262A=6:#9%K:3;A:;6=E#2;6:3:>6>#?'A'"%I)."#"#Y!V#Q&,=6#)WX

    H>6=62;9#6@=6#T=;2A%>26C#6%?=38#6@:#4E=>>#%G#%;>#=GG:46:8U#2>#;%6#=#E:9262A=6:

    9%K:3;A:;6=E#2;6:3:>6IM##=2"H6#+""#XVW#Q&,=6#XXP#H>6=62;9#6@=6#TA:3:#;:9=62K:

    =662658:>"#%3#G:=3U#=3:#;%6#E:9262A=6:#9%K:3;A:;6=E#2;6:3:>6>IM#Q'8'%N"1R/%)0%CA#34'%&'

    F)#"+)"#X!W#Q&,YNP"#YWX#H!*VWI#H>6=62;9#6@=6#=#TL=3:#:>23:#6%#@=3A#=

    599:>6:8#6@=6#6@:#,5#3:E2:8#%;#A%3=E26C#=>#6@:

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 101 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    102/128

    !W

    L=>2>#G%3#26>#8:42>2%;#A=S2;9#=;8#>6=6:>"#Ta>b6=6:#E=?>#=9=2;>6#L29=AC"#>=A:(>:]

    A=332=9:"#=85E6#2;4:>6"#626562%;"#A=>653L=62%;"#=85E6:3C"#G%3;24=62%;"#L:>62=E26C"

    =;8#%L>4:;26C#=3:#E2S:?2>:#>5>6=2;=LE:#%;EC#2;#E29@6#%G#K=E28=62%;#%G#E=?>#L=>:8#%;

    A%3=E#4@%24:>&U##D7=6#Y*'#

    #0%?:K:3"#75>624:#ZD1%;;%3#=36245E=6:8#=#82GG:3:;6#=#=#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#G%3#:[5=E

    =6=6:#2;6:3:>6#6%

    B5>62GC"%H$%3/-"20"#=#>6=656:#6@=6#L=;>#@%A%>:]5=E#4%;8546#,@:#>6=6:8#6@=6#TaAb%3=E

    82>=#=;#2;6:3:>6#6@=6#2>

    2;>5GG242:;6#6%#>=62>GC#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#3:K2:?#5;8:3#6@:#h[5=E#J3%6:462%;#1E=5>:&U##D7'

    =6#YPN#HZD1%;;%3"#7&"#4%;45332;9I#,@:#4%;62;5:8g#T.;8::8"#?:#@=K:#;:K:3#@:E8

    6@=6#A%3=E#82>=#=#>5GG242:;6

    3=62%;=E:#5;8:3#6@:#h[5=E#J3%6:462%;#1E=5>:#6%#B5>62GC#=#E=?#6@=6#82>432A2;=6:>

    =A%;9#93%5#%G#%;>&U#%D7'##/@:#J,*#"+4"%A=B%326C#%::A>#6%#@=K:

    2A624:#ZD1%;;%3"#?@:;#26#>6=6:8#6@=6#=#4%536D>#T%LE29=62%;#2>

    6%#8:G2;:#6@:#E2L:36C#%G#=EE"#;%6#6%#A=;8=6:#26>#%?;#A%3=E#4%8:&U##D7'#=6#YY*

    HA=B%326C#%"#G:=3"#=#L=3:#8:>23:

    6%#@=3A"#=;8#A%3=E#82>=

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    103/128

    !X

    A:=>53:"#L:4=5>:#6@:#h[5=E#J3%6:462%;#1E=5>:#8%:>#;%6#6=65>(L=>:8

    :;=46A:;6#82K%34:8#G3%A#=;C#G=465=E#4%;6:]6#G3%A#?@24@#a6@:#4%536>b#4%5E8#82>4:3;

    =#3:E=62%;>@26=6:#2;6:3:>6>"U#%3#=#T4E=>>2G24=62%;#%G#%;>

    5;8:36=S:;#G%3#26>#%?;#>=S:#&U##I)."#"#Y!V#Q&,=6#)WY

    !!!"

    /@:#A=B%326C#4%;4E58:>#6@=6#TI)."#%9%K:3;>#%53#=;=EC>2>#;%6?26@>6=;82;9

    6@:#82GG:3:;4:>#L:6?::;#\A:;8A:;6#N#=;8#J3%262%;#P"U#L:4=5>:#%G#6@:

    >2A2E=3262:>#L:6?::;#6@:#A:=>53:>#=6#2>>5:#2;#I)."#%=;8#2;#6@:#:;6#4=>:

    0%?:K:3"#6@:#82GG:3:;4:>#L:6?::;#\A:;8A:;6#N#=;8#J3%262%;#P#2;824=6:#6@=6

    I)."#%8%:>#;%6#823:46EC#4%;63%E#%53#=;=EC>2>#%G#6@:#4%;>626562%;=E26C#%G#J3%262%;

    P&

    O:G%3:#4%A#@=K2;9#=#4%;>28:3=LEC

    ;=33%?:3#>4%:#2;#%6@:3

    >6=6:>#8/#,6--:%N'V#J&W8#=6#)!#TJ3%262%;#P#8%:>#;%6#"+/3#"2$%#"1",2%)#

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 103 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    104/128

    !Y

    ,H#)A,/"#6@:#=>=A:(>:]#4%5#>6=6:#4%;>626562%;=E#329@6#6%#@%%>:

    %;:D>#E2G:#626562%;=EEC

    L=>:8#2;428:;6>#%G#A=332=9:&U##D7'%H2;6:3;=E#[5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8I&%

    $%3#8%:>#J3%262%;#P#06+7,."+/,22$%,2/"#%6@:#A:=;2;9#=;8

    >5L>6=;4:#%G#>6=6:#4%;>626562%;=E#:[5=E#:3K2;9#6@:#%GG242=E#7"-3A+,/3)+#%G

    6@:#6:3A#TA=332=9:U#G%3#6@:#5;2%;#%G#%:]#4%5#=>#=#A=66:3

    %G#>6=6:#4%;>626562%;=E#E=?"#L56#E:=K2;9#5;82>653L:8#=EE#%G#6@:#%6@:3:]63:A:EC#>29;2G24=;6#>5L>6=;62K:#=>#%G#=#>=A:(>:]#4%5#>6=6:

    4%;>626562%;=E#329@6#6%#:>6=LE2>@#=;#%GG242=EEC#3:4%9;2R:8#=;8#@2#T=#K26=E#G=46%3U#2;#6@:23

    2%;#@%E82;9#6@=6#G=2E2;9#6%#>#6%#6@2>#8:>29;=62%;#6%#>=A:(>:]

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 104 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    105/128

    !)

    4%5#T2A=A:(>:]#4%5

    =;8#K2%E=6:8#6@%>:#4%5D#329@6#6%#6@:#:[5=E##95=3=;6::8#LC

    6@:#1=E2G%3;2=#1%;>626562%;&U##D7'%=6#Y*"#)!#

    /@:3:G%3:"#TJ3%262%;#P#3:=>%;=LEC#A5>6#L:#2;6:3@2%;

    =>#:E2A2;=62;9#%;EC#6@:#329@6#%G#>=A:(>:]#4%5#6%#:[5=E#=44:>>#6%#6@:#8:>29;=62%;

    %G#A=332=9:"#=;8#=>#;%6#%6@:3?2>:#=GG:462;9#6@:#4%;>626562%;=E#329@6#%G#6@%>:#4%5

    6%#:>6=LE2>@#=;#%GG242=EEC#3:4%9;2R:8#G=A2EC#3:E=62%;>@2E=62K:"#:]:4562K:"#%3#B58242=E#=462%;#=6#=;C#E:K:E#%G#>6=6:#%3

    E%4=E#9%K:3;A:;6#8:>29;:8#6%##=;8#E:>L2=;>&DU##Y!V#Q&,=6#)NX

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 105 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    106/128

    !V

    \A:;8A:;6#N#?=>#>:8#2;#3:>:#6%#A5;242#:;=46:8#2;#K=32%5>

    1%E%3=8%#4262:>#6@=6##82>432A2;=6:8#=9=2;>6#LC#3:=>%;#%G#6@:23

    >:]5=E#%32:;6=62%;&U##D7'###/@:#,52>#3:K2:?"#?@:3:#T2G#=#E=?#;:26@:3#L538:;>#=#G5;8=A:;6=E#329@6#;%3

    6=39:6>#=#>5>>"#?:#?2EE#5E=62K:#4E=>>2G24=62%;#>%#E%;9#=>#26

    L:=3>#=#3=62%;=E#3:E=62%;#6%#>%A:#E:9262A=6:#:;8&U##D7'#=6#)W!#/@:#,52>#3:K2:?#G%3#6?%#3:=>%;>#D7'#=6#)WN

    T^23>6"#6@:#=A:;8A:;6#@=>#6@:##>@::3#L3:=86@#2>#>%#82>4%;62;5%5>#?26@#6@:

    3:=>%;>#%GG:3:8#G%3#26#6@=6#6@:#=A:;8A:;6#>::A>#2;:]#6%?=38#6@:#4E=>>#2G#=GG:46>M#26#E=4S>#=#3=62%;=E#3:E=62%;>@26=6:

    2;6:3:>6>&U##D7'

    $"

    /@:3:#=3:#>:K:3=E#?=C>#6%#82>62;952>@#I)."#%G3%A#6@:#:;6#4=>:#^23>6"#2;

    I)."#:%6@:#,56=6:8#6@=6#Ta6b@:#4@=;9:#\A:;8A:;6#N#?%3S>#2;#6@:

    E:9=E#>6=65>#%G#9=C>#=;8#E:>L2=;>#2;#6@:##G=3#3:=4@2;9"#L%6@#%;#26>

    %?;#6:3A>#=;8#?@:;#4%;>28:3:8#2;#E29@6#%G#6@:#>6354653:#=;8#%432A2;=62%;#E=?>&U##D7'#=6#)NV#0:3:"#TJ3%262%;#P#3:=>%;=LEC#A5>6#L:

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 106 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    107/128

    !P

    2;6:3@2%;#=>#:E2A2;=62;9#%;EC#6@:#329@6#%G#>=A:(>:]#4%5#6%

    :[5=E#=44:>>#6%#6@:#8:>29;=62%;#%G#A=332=9:"#=;8#=>#;%6#%6@:3?2>:#=GG:462;9#6@:

    4%;>626562%;=E#329@6#%G#6@%>:#4%5#6%#:>6=LE2>@#=;#%GG242=EEC#3:4%9;2R:8#G=A2EC

    3:E=62%;>@2:

    J3%262%;#P#:E2A2;=6:>#6@:#329@6#%G#=44:>>#6%#6@:#8:>29;=62%;#%G#A=332=9:#G3%A

    >=A:(>:]#4%5"#3=6@:3#6@=;#?%3S2;9#=#G=3#3:=4@2;9#4@=;9:#2;#6@:23#E:9=E#>6=65>&

    ,:4%;8"%\A:;8A:;6#ND>#T>@::3#L3:=86@#2>#>%#82>4%;62;5%5>#?26@#6@:#3:=>%;>

    %GG:3:8#G%3#26#6@=6#6@:#=A:;8A:;6#>::A>#2;:]

    6%?=38#6@:#4E=>>#26#=GG:46>&U##I)."#"#Y!V#Q&,=6#)WN#\9=2;"#J3%262%;#P#T4=3K:>

    %56#=#;=33%?#=;8#E2A26:8#:]4:6=6:#4%;>626562%;=E#329@6>U#%G##8/#,6--"#N'V#J&W8#=6#)!#J3%262%;#P#6@:3:G%3:#E=4S>#6@:#T>@::3

    L3:=86@U#6@=6#:#26>#%;EC##=;2A5>M#\A:;8A:;6#N#?=>

    ;%6#T823:46:8#6%#=;C#28:;62G2=LE:#E:9262A=6:#43:6:#%LB:462K:&U##D7'#=6

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 107 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    108/128

    !*

    )WY#.;#>@%36"#I)."#%?=>#=#4=>:#?@:3:#6@:#%;EC#L=>2>#G%3#6@:#A:=>53:#=6#2>>5:#?=>

    =;2A5>#0%?:K:3"#2;#=#4=>:#?@:3:#6@:#A:=>53:#=6#2>>5:#?=>#%A:#2;8::>#TA=C#%G6:;#=44%A626562%;=EI#82>432A2;=62%;"#6@:23#:;4:#=E%;:#8%:>#;%6#=#4%;>626562%;=E

    K2%E=62%;#A=S:&U%%(7'%)0%K#6-/""-%)0%Q+3&'%)0%C2,'%&'%O,##"//"#YW!#Q&,WY)"#W)V

    HN''!I#H82>45>>2;9#=2"H6#+""#XVW#Q&,=6#XXPI#.G#T=;2A5>U#2>#%;:#>54@#L2=>"#26>

    :;4:#=E%;:#A=C#;%6#A=S:#J3%262%;#P#2;K=E28#2G#6@:#A:=>53:#=E>%#3=62%;=EEC

    3:E=6:>#6%#=#E:9262A=6:#9%K:3;A:;6=E#2;6:3:>6&

    ^2;=EEC"#9=C>#=;8#E:>L2=;>#?:3:#L538:;:8#LC#\A:;8A:;6#N"#L:4=5>:#26

    T%#G3%A#82>432A2;=62%;#LC#:K:3C#E:K:E#%G#1%E%3=8%#9%K:3;A:;6&U#

    I)."#"#Y!V#Q&,=6#)N*#.;#4%;63=>6"#T=E6@%59@#J3%262%;#P#:E2A2;=6:>#6@:#=L2E26C

    %G#>=A:(>:]#4%5#6%#:;6:3#2;6%#=;#%GG242=E#3:E=62%;>@229;=6:8#fA=332=9:"D#2;

    =EE#%6@:3#3:>#6@%>:#4%5#4%;62;5:#6%#>:>>"#5;8:3#6@:#>6=6:#4%;>626562%;=E

    #4E=5>:>"#6@:#4%3:#>:6#%G#L=>24#-6H-/,+/3&"%E:9=E#329@6>#=;8

    =6632L56:>#63=8262%;=EEC#=>>%42=6:8#?26@#A=332=9:#&U##8/#,6--"#N'V#J&W8#=6#VV

    H2;6:3;=E#[5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8I#J56#%6@:3?2>:"#J3%262%;#P#8%:>#;%6#L538:;

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 108 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    109/128

    N'

    9=C>#=;8#E:>L2=;>#6%#6@:#>=A:#:]6:;6#\A:;8A:;6#N#L538:;:8#9=C>#=;8#E:>L2=;>#2;

    1%E%3=8%&

    %"

    J3%#=395:#6@=6#6@:#G=46#6@=6#J3%262%;#P#?26@83:?#G3%A#>=A:(>:]

    4%5#6@:#:]2>62;9#329@6#%G#=44:>>#6%#6@:#8:>29;=62%;#%G#A=332=9:#>@%5E8#L:

    >29;2G24=;6#2;#%53#4%;>626562%;=E#=;=EC>2>#0%?:K:3"#,5#2;K%EK2;9#4@=EE:;9:>#6%#A:=>53:>#?26@83=?2;9#=;#:]2>62;9#329@6#8%

    ;%6#2;824=6:#6@=6#6@:#?26@83=?=E#>@%5E8#=GG:46#%53#=;=EC>2>#.;>6:=8"#26#>::A>#6@=6

    6@:#4%536#@=>#5E=62%;#6@=6#?26@83=?>"#3=6@:3#6@=;#3:>:3K:>"#>%A:#E:9=E

    329@6%?'A'"%Q'8'%I'I'%I"/'%(7'%&'%S#3/>"#XX*#Q&,!))"#!V)cVV#H!*P'I#H=>D>#8:6:3A2;=62%;#T6@=6

    >%A:#%G#6@%>:#?@%#2;#6@:#6#3:4:2K:8#G5EE#?2;8G=EE#L:;:G26>#?%5E8#;%6#4%;62;5:#6%

    8%#>%UIM%=3/$%)0%

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    110/128

    ##0%?:K:3"#?@2E:#6@:#?26@83=?=E#%G#=#329@6#A=C#;%6#L:#=;=EC624=EECN

    >29;2G24=;6#G%3#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#3:K2:?"#26#A=C#>62EE#L:#G=465=EEC#>29;2G24=;6#^%3

    :]=A6=656:D>#4E=>>2G24=62%;#%G#L:;:G242=32:>#=;8#;%;L:;:G242=32:>#2>

    2;K282%5>EC#82>432A2;=6%3C&U##D7'#=6#WPW#\>#6@:#A=B%326C#=395:>"#6@:#35E:#G3%AT)5+-)+%==A:(>:]#4%5#6%#6@:#93%5:3K:8#6@:#329@6&

    N!

    6@:#>?::#;%6#823:46EC#4%;63%E#@:3:#.;#I)."#"#6@:#,5#=E%;:#?=>#6@:#6#8:6:3A2;2;9#6@=6#=EE#%6@:3#L=>:>#G%3#J3%262%;#P#=3:

    4%;>626562%;=EEC#2;K=E28#\>>5A2;9#=;2A5>#%3#A%3=E#82>=S#2>#6%

    8:6:3A2;:#?@:6@:3#J3%262%;#P#3=62%;=EEC#3:E=6:>#6%#,+$%2;8:6

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 110 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    111/128

    NN

    !'"

    .;#%53#4=>:"#J3%#=395:#6@=6#J3%262%;#P"#8:G2;2;9#A=332=9:#=>#6@:

    5;2%;#%G#%;:#A=;#=;8#%;:#?%A=;"#2>#3=62%;=EEC#3:E=6:8#6%#=#E:9262A=6:

    9%K:3;A:;6=E#2;6:3:>6#G%3#>:K:3=E#3:=>%;>#,%A:#%G#6@%>:#3:=>%;>#@=K:#=E3:=8C

    L::;#82>45>>:8#2;#6@:#A=B%326C#%45>>2%;#@:3:

    0%?:K:3"#6?%#%G#6@%>:#3:=>%;>#8:>:3K:#A%3:#82>45>>2%;"#L:4=5>:#6@:C#@=K:#L::;

    43:826:8#LC#%6@:3#4%536>g##H!I#=#3:>2LE:#:#26#T>6::3>

    :#%:]#4%5#=3:#6@:#%;EC#4%5#?@%

    4=;#2LECM%=;8#HNI#=;#%:#6@:#G=A2EC#>6354653:#%G#6?%#4%AA266:8#L2%E%924=E#j%;:

    A=;#=;8#%;:#?%A=;j2>#6@:#%"+-%0)#%?@6,2%!#)/"4/3)+"#XYY#^&W8#=6#P)Vc)P&

    #"

    J3%#=395:#6@=6#J3%262%;#P"#8:G2;2;9#A=332=9:#=>#6@:#5;2%;#%G#%;:

    A=;#=;8#%;:#?%A=;"#:3K:>#6@:#G5;8=A:;6=E#=;8#@2>6%324=E##%G

    A=332=9:#/@:C#=395:#6@=6"#2G#6@:#8:G2;262%;#%G#A=332=9:#L:6?::;#=#A=;#=;8#=

    ?%A=;#2>#4@=;9:8"#26#?%5E8#G5;8=A:;6=EEC#3:8:G2;:#6@:#6:3A#G3%A#26>#%3292;=E#=;8

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 111 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    112/128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    113/128

    ##/@2>#3:[523:A:;6#2>#:=>2EC#A:6"#L:4=5>:#TaKb2365=EEC#=;C#9%=E#6@=6#2>#;%6W

    G%3L288:;#LC#6@:#1%;>626562%;#?2EE#L:#8::A:8#>5GG242:;6#6%#A::6#6@:#3=62%;=E#L=>2>

    6:>6&U##h3?2;#1@:A:32;>SC"#=)+-/3/6/3)+,2%J,*U%!#3+4312"-%,+7%!)2343"-%)*P#HX6@

    :8N'!!I&

    NX

    9%K:3;A:;6=E#2;6:3:>6>&

    $"

    /@:#G23>6#3:[523:A:;6#%G#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#3:K2:?#2>#6@=6#6@:3:#A5>6#L:#>%A:

    4%;4:2K=LE:#E:9262A=6:#9%K:3;A:;6=E#2;6:3:>6#G%3#6@:#A:=>53:#=6#2>>5:& W

    ("

    /@:#1=E2G%3;2=#,52LE:##=

    E:9262A=6:#9%K:3;A:;6=E#2;6:3:>6g

    `@:6@:3#%3#;%6#6@:#>6=6:D>#2;6:3:>6#2;#:;4%53=92;9#3:>2LE:

    62G24=62%;#G%3#6@:#>6=656%3C#E2A26=62%;#%G#A=332=9:#6%#=#A=;#=;8#=

    ?%A=;#G%3##%G#6@:#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#:[5=E#6=;8=38"

    6@2>#2;6:3:>6#4E:=3EC#8%:>#;%6#6#4=;;%6#L:#K2:?:8#=>#=#K=E28

    L=>2>#G%3#8:G2;2;9#%3#E2A262;9#6@:#4E=>>#%G#%;>#?@%#A=C#4E=2A#6@:

    626562%;=E#329@6#6%#A=33C&

    D+%#"%F,##3,A"%=,-"-"#!PW#J&W8#WPX"#XWN#H1=EN''PI#H:A2>#=88:8I"

    -61"#-"7"7%H$%4)+-/3/6/3)+,2%,."+7."+/%,-%-/,/"7%3+%8/#,6--"#N'V#J&W8#XP

    )"

    `26@#3:9=38#6%#6@:#%

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    114/128

    NY

    >6=6:8#6@:#G%EE%?2;9#=L%56#T6@:#>6=6:D>#2;6:3:>6#2;#G%>6:32;9#=#G=K%3=LE:#:;K23%;A:;6

    G%3#6@:#2;9#%G#4@2E83:;Ug

    a\bE6@%59@#6=LE:#:;K23%;A:;6#G%3#6@:

    2;9#%G#4@2E83:;#2>#5;[5:>62%;=LEC#%;:#%G#6@:#K26=EEC

    2A626562%;#%G#A=332=9:#=;8#6@:

    4%;>626562%;=E#329@6#6%#A=33C"#6#4=>:>#A=S:#4E:=3#6@=6#6@2>#329@6#2>

    ;%6#4%;G2;:8#6%"#%3#3:>632462K:EC#8:G2;:8#LC"#6@=6#

    ;%6:8#=L%K:"#%53#6#4=>:>#@=K:#3:4%9;2R:8#6@=6#6@:#329@6#6%#A=33C#2>

    6@:#329@6#6%#:;6:3#2;6%#=#3:E=62%;>@2#6@:#4:;6:3#%G#6@:#%;=E

    =GG:462%;>#6@=6#:;;%LE:#=;8#:;324@#@5A=;#E2G:j=#3:E=62%;>@2#=6

    %;4:#6@:#A%>6#>%42=EEC#@2:#%G#=#E2G:62A:#/@:%;=E#:;324@A:;6#=GG%38:8#LC#6@:#329@6#6%#A=33C#A=C#L:#%L6=2;:8

    LC#=#4%5:#6%#@=K:#4@2E83:;"#=;8#6@:#329@6

    6%#A=33C#;:K:3#@=>#L::;#E2A26:8#6%#6@%>:#?@%#23:#6%#@=K:

    4@2E83:;a/b@:#>6=6:#4%;>626562%;=E#329@6#6%#A=33C#=;;%6

    #2;6:3:>6#2;#G%>6:32;9#=

    G=K%3=LE:#:;K23%;A:;6#G%3#6@:#2;9#%G#4@2E83:;&

    F,##3,A"%=,-"-"#!PW#J&W8#=6#XWN#H426=62%;>#=;8#2;6:3;=E#[5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8I

    /@5>"#6@:#1=E2G%3;2=#,545>>:8#T6@:#>6=6:D>#2;6:3:>6#2;#G%>6:32;9#=

    G=K%3=LE:#:;K23%;A:;6#G%3#6@:#2;9#%G#4@2E83:;U#?26@%56#5>2;9#6@:

    TE:9262A=6:#2;6:3:>6U#=;8#TG%3#6@:##%G#6@:#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#:[5=E#6=;8=38U#E=;95=9:#5>:8#6%#82>45>>#T3:>2LE:#

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    115/128

    ##^%3#:]=A#6@:##>6=6:#6@=6#=EE#%;>

    :;9=9:8#2;#:3K24:>#6%#G%>6:3#4@2E83:;#>@=EE#;%6#L:#>5LB:46:8

    6%#82>432A2;=62%;#%3#@=3=>>A:;6#%;#6@:#L=>2>#%G#6@:23#4E2:;6>D#%3#6@:23#%?;#=465=E#%3

    :]5=E#%32:;6=62%;#&U##1=E`:EGl#.;>6%8:#k#!)'!WH=I

    ^536@:3"#Ta6b@:#@2#:[5=EEC#6%#:K:3C#4@2E8#=;8#6%

    :K:3C#54@#=>#2;#=;6282>432A2;=62%;#

    3:9=382;9#L5>2;:>>#:>6=LE2>@A:;6>&%%?'A'"#1=EK%8:#k#Y!HLI#HT\EE#%;>

    ?26@2;#6@:#B532>82462%;#%G#6@2>#>6=6:#=3:#G3::#=;8#:[5=E"#=;8#;%#A=66:3#?@=6#6@:23#&>:]5=E#%32:;6=62%;#=3:#:;626E:8#6%#6@:#G5EE#=;8#:[5=E#=44%AA%8=62%;>"#=8K=;6=9:>"

    G=42E262:>"#"#%3#>:3K24:>#2;#=EE#L5>2;:>>#:>6=LE2>@A:;6>#%G#:K:3C#S2;8

    ?@=6>%:K:3&UI#

    N)

    6@:#>5L>6=;62K:##%:]#4%5#2;#A=332=9:>#:;B%C

    \88262%;=EEC"#1=E2G%3;2=#G=A2EC#E=?#8%:>#;%6#92K:#=;C#%GG242=E##6%

    %:]#& ##J3%262%;#P#828#;%6#4@=;9:#6@2>#G=465=E#>265=62%;"#L:4=5>:X

    26#TE:=Ka:>b#5;82>653L:8#=#>=A:(>:]#4%5#>6=6:#4%;>626562%;=E#329@6#6%

    :>6=LE2>@#=;#%GG242=EEC#3:4%9;2R:8#=;8#@2

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    116/128

    ## 8""%,2-)#=3/$%)0%N,22,-%&'%8/,+A23+"#X*'#Q&,!*"#N)cNP#H!*P*I#H>6=62;9#6@=6Y

    =#426C#4%5E8#3=62%;=EEC#2A:#=;#=9:#=;8#62A:#3:>632462%;#%;#8=;4:#@=EE>"#:K:;#2G#26@=8#;%6#2A:8#>2A2E=3#3:>632462%;>#%;#%6@:3#:>#?@:3:#6::;=9:3>#=;8#=85E6>

    4%;93:9=6:8#6%9:6@:3M#=395A:;6>#G%45>2;9#%;#6@:#2;4%;>2>6:;4C#L:6?::;#6@:

    4E=>>2G24=62%;#=;8#6@:#T2;6:3:>6>#=;8#%LB:462K:>U#%G#6@:#426C#TA2>=#>43562;CUI'#

    NV

    /@:##=395:#=L%56#?@:6@:3#6@2>#=;=EC>2>#>5LB:46>#J3%262%;#P#6%

    @:29@6:;:8#>43562;C#3=6@:3#6@=;#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#3:K2:?#.;#AC#K2:?"#?@2E:#JE=2;62GG>

    A=C#92K:#=#4%33:46#=44%5;62;9#%G#1=E2G%3;2=#E=?"#26#8%:>#;%6#;:4:>>=32EC#G%EE%?#6@=6

    6@:#%6"#L:4=5>:#26

    4%;63=8246>#:]2>62;9#E=?>#%;#"#:K:;#2G#1=E2G%3;2=D>#E:92>E=653:#EC#3:B:46:8#6@:Y

    %#2;4%;>2>6:;6

    ?26@#26>#>6=656%3C#>4@:A:I"#6@=6#8%:>#;%6#

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    117/128

    NP

    .;#9"22"#"#6@:#,56=6:8#6@=6#TE:92>E=62K:#4@%24:#2>#;%6#>5LB:46#6%

    4%5363%%A#G=46G2;82;9#=;8#A=C#L:#L=>:8#%;#3=62%;=E#>5#6@:#L538:;#6%#T;:9=62K:

    :K:3C#4%;4:2K=LE:#L=>2>#?@24@#A29@6#>5#L538:;"#JE=2;62GG>#@=K:#%GG:3:8#A=;C#>:4%;8=3C#=56@%3262:>#6%#>5#;%6#=;#:;8#6@=6#6@:#,6=6:

    3=62%;=EEC#4%5E8#=8%#26>#%?;#=;8#6@:3:G%3:#4=;;%6#>5>6=2;#J3%262%;#P&U#

    \E6@%59@#J3%#?:3:#;%6#3:[523:8#6%#2>#3:K2:?"#6@:C#=E>%#@%?>#6@=6#A=332:8#L2%E%924=E##=3:#6@:#%

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    118/128

    ##.;#J,*#"+4"%&'%K"L,-"#YW*#Q&,YYP"#75>624:#ZD1%;;%3#3:E2:8#%;#6@:)

    ^%536::;6@#\A:;8A:;6D>#h[5=E#J3%6:462%;#1E=5>:#6%#2;K=E28=6:#=#>6=6:#E=?

    432A2;=E2R2;9#@%A%>:]5=E#>%8%AC#.;#@:3#4%;45332;9#%:;>5=E#4%;8546#2>

    5;4%;>626562%;=E#5;8:3#6@:#h[5=E#J3%6:462%;#1E=5>:#8%:>#;%6#A:=;#6@=6

    %6@:3#E=?>#82>62;952>@2;9#L:6?::;#@:6:3%>:]5=E>#=;8#@%A%>:]5=E>

    ?%5E8#>2A2E=3EC#G=2E#5;8:3#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#3:K2:?#/:]=>#4=;;%6#=>>:36

    =;C#E:9262A=6:#>6=6:#2;6:3:>6#@:3:"#>54@#=>#;=62%;=E#>:45326C#%3:3K2;9#6@:#63=8262%;=E#2;>626562%;#%G#A=332=9:#Q;E2S:#6@:#A%3=E

    82>=:]#3:E=62%;>j6@:#=>>:36:8#>6=6:#2;6:3:>6#2;#6@2>

    4=>:j%6@:3#3:=>%;>#:]2>6#6%#626562%;#%G#A=332=9:

    L:C%;8#A:3:#A%3=E#82>=:]##/@5>"

    JE=2;62GG>#@=K:#G=2E:8#6%#5;8:3A2;:"#E:6#=E%;:#3:A%K:#fG3%A#8:L=6:"D#6@:#>6582:>

    >@%?2;9#6@=6#A=332:8#L2%E%924=E##6#>6354653:#G%3#3=2>2;9

    4@2E83:;&U

    \G6:3#3:K2:?"#L%6@#>28:>#%GG:3#:K28:;4:#2;#>528:>

    =E>%#%GG:3#:K28:;4:#6%#5;8:3A2;:#6@:#:K28:;4:#:;6:8#LC#6@:23#%28:32;9#T6@:#[5:>62%;#2>#=6#E:=>6#8:L=6=LE:"U

    37'#=6#WN)#H2;6:3;=E#[5%6=62%;#A=3S>#%A266:8I"#6@:#%

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    119/128

    D7'#=6#YPY#HZD1%;;%3"#7&"#4%;45332;9I&

    ##\>#:]>2G24=62%;#=6#2>>5:#;::8#;%6#L:#4%33:E=6:8#2;#G=46"#:K:;#2;#3:E=62%;#6%#=;#=>>5A:8

    S=#@=8#:;=46:8

    =#4%;>626562%;=E#=A:;8A:;6##LC#>=A:(>:]

    4%5#=;8#%6@:3#%GG242=E#>=A:(>:]#3:E=62%;>@2g

    /@:#,6=6:#=395:>#6@=6#6@:#A=;C#E=?>#8:G2;2;9#A=332=9:#=>#6@:#5;2%;#%G

    %;:#A=;#=;8#%;:#?%A=;#=;8#:]6:;82;9#=#K=32:6C#%G#L:;:G26>#6%

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 119 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    120/128

    W!

    A=332:8#4%5#=3:#3=62%;=EEC#3:E=6:8#6%#6@:#9%K:3;A:;6#2;6:3:>6#2;

    T>6::32;9#S:6#%G#329@6>#=;8#L:;:G26>#6%#A=332:8#@:6:3%>:]5=E#4%5"

    >54@#E=?>#T:;4%53=9:##L:>6#>265=6:8#G%3#3=2>2;9#4@2E83:;&U###/@:

    =395A:;6#2>#L=>:8#2;#:]5=E>#=3:#6@:#%:#

    3:9=382;9#6@2>#%42%E%924=E#8:L=6:"#?:#4=;;%6#4%;4E58:

    6@=6#6@:#,6=6:D>#B5>62G24=62%;#TE=4S>#=#3=62%;=E#3:E=62%;>@26=6:#2;6:3:>6>&U

    XYY#^&W8#=6#P)Vc)P#H426=62%;>#%A266:8I&

    /@:#G=465=E#4%;6:]6#2;#1=E2G%3;2=#2>#82>62;952>@=LE:#G3%A#6@:#%;:#6@:#h29@6@

    1234526#G=4:8#2;#$:L3=>S=#Q;E2S:#6@:#$:L3=>S=#4%;>626562%;=E#=A:;8A:;6"#?@24@

    #LC#>=A:(>:]#4%5#=;8#%6@:3#>=A:(

    >:]#3:E=62%;>@2"#J3%262%;#P#E:G6#1=E2G%3;2=D>#:]2>62;9#8%A:>624#@2

    2;6=46#.;#1=E2G%3;2="#>=A:(>:]#4%5#2;#8%A:>624#@2#>62EE#:;B%C#6@:

    >=A:#>5L>6=;62K:#329@6>#=;8#L:;:G26>#=>#%:]#4%5#2;#A=332=9:>#/@5>"#26

    4=;;%6#L:#>=28#6@=6#J3%262%;#P#T4%;G:3a>b#6@:#2;854:A:;6>#%G#A=326=E#L:;:G26>

    %;#%:]#4%5#"#L56#;%6#%;#>=A:(>:]#4%5#&U##8""#37'#=6#P)V

    0%?:K:3"#6@2>#82>62;462%;#A=C#;%6#L:#82>262K:"#L:4=5>:#6@:#h29@6@#1234526#?=>

    4%;>28:32;9#L%6@#6@:#>5L>6=;62K:#E:9=E#L:;:G26>#=>#?:EE#=>#6@:#8:>29;=62%;#%G

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 120 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    121/128

    WN

    A=332=9:&

    )"

    /@=6#E:=K:>#6@:#[5:>62%;#%G#?@:6@:3#?26@83=?2;9#G3%A#>=A:(>:]#4%5#6@:

    329@6#6%#=44:>>#6@:#8:>29;=62%;#%G#A=332=9:"#=E%;:"#3=62%;=EEC#3:E=6:>#6%#6@:

    3:>2LE:##=395:#6@=6

    J3%#>599:>6#;%#3:=>%;#6%#L:E2:K:#=A:(>:]#4%5#G3%A

    :;6:32;9#3:E=62%;>@2#8:>29;=6:8#TA=332=9:U#?2EE#A=S:#26#A%3:#E2S:EC#6@=6#%:]#4%5#2;#1=E2G%3;2=#?2EE#A=33C#J56#82GG:3:;6EC"#JE=2;62GG>#=395:#6@=6"#L:4=5>:

    J3%262%;#P#8%:>#;%6#L:>6%?%=;#@%;%3#%;#%:]#4%5#L56#2;>6:=8

    ?26@83=?>%=;#@%;%3#G3%A#>=A:(>:]#4%5"#6@:#3:>2LE:##3=62%;=E#6%#L:E2:K:#6@=6#%:]#4%5#?2EE#L:

    E:>>#E2S:EC#6%#3=2>:#4@2E83:;#2;#=#A=326=E#G=A2EC#2G#6@:#>6=653:#%G#A=332=9:#2>#=E>%

    =K=2E=LE:#6%#>=A:(>:]#4%5#^536@:3"#JE=2;62GG>#=395:#6@=6#J3%D#G=2E53:#6%

    8:>432L:#@%?#J3%262%;#P#3=62%;=EEC#3:E=6:>#6%#6@:#3:>2LE:##6@=6#6@:#3=62%;=E:#E=4S>#6@:#3:[523:8#TG%%62;9#2;#6@:#3:=E262:>#%G

    6@:#>5LB:46#=883:>>:8#LC#6@:#E:92>E=62%;&U##9"22"#"#Y'*#Q&,=6#WN!&

    .;#3:>:"#J3%#=395:#6@=6"#TaLb:4=5>:#%;EC#>:]5=E#3:E=62%;>@2

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 121 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    122/128

    WW

    L:6?::;#A:;#=;8#?%A=;#4=;##6@=6#6@:#4%AA%;>:;>:#82>62;462%;#6@=6#%53

    E=?#@=>#=E?=C>#83=?;#L:6?::;#%:]#4%5"#%;#6@:#%;:#@=;8"#=;8#=EE#%6@:3

    6C#%G#3:E=62%;>@2j2;4E582;9#>=A:(>:]#4%5j%;#6@:#%6@:3#@=;8"##=#3=62%;=E#3:E=62%;>@26#2;#>6::32;9#:#26#T:>6=LE2>@:>#=#;:?#>5L>6=;62K:#>6=6:#4%;>626562%;=E#35E:#6@=6

    L:4=A:#:GG:462K:#%;4:#J3%262%;#P#?=>#=:>#82>45>>2;9#6@:#329@6#6%#A=33Cj=;8#28:;62GC2;9

    6@2>#329@6#=>#%;:#%G#6@:#G5;8=A:;6=E#:E:A:;6>#%G#%;=E#=56%;%AC=;8#E2L:36C#626562%;j4%;6=2;>#=;C#>599:>62%;

    6@=6#6@:#4%;>626562%;=E#329@6#6%#A=33C#2>#>:>>:8#%;EC#LC#2;82K285=E>

    ?@%#=3:#=6#32>S#%G##6:=8#%G#4%;62;52;9#=#T82>62;462%;#6@=6

    a1=E2G%3;2=b#E=?#@=>#=E?=C>#83=?;"U#?:=S:;>#J3%D#=395A:;6#6@=6

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 122 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    123/128

    WX

    J3%262%;#P#T#=#3=62%;=E#3:E=62%;>@22LE:##=395:#6@=6"#L:4=5>:

    J3%262%;#P#8%:>#;%6#4@=;9:#1=E2G%3;2=D>#>5L>6=;62K:#E=?>#9%K:3;2;9

    4@2E83=2>2;9"#2;9E:>#%56

    9=C>#=;8#E:>L2=;>"#=>#=#93%56=;8=38#G%3#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#3:K2:?#8%:>#;%6#3:[523:#6@:

    4E=>>2G24=62%;#L:#>5L>6=;62=EEC#3:E=6:8#6%#=;#2A6

    .;>6:=8"#G%3#3=62%;=E#L=>2>#3:K2:?"#6@:#4E=>>2G24=62%;#A5>6#%;EC#H!I#>:3K:#>%A:

    4%;4:2K=LE:#9%K:3;A:;6=E#2;6:3:>6M#HNI#@=K:#=#2LE:#3:=>%;#G%3#6@:#:;=46A:;6M

    HWI#3:A=2;#8:L=6=LE:M#=;8#HXI#;%6#L:#6%6=EEC#=3L263=3C#/@:23#=395A:;6#4%;62;5:>

    6@=6"#2;#1=E2G%3;2=D>#5;2[5:#4%;6:]6"#J3%262%;#P#%;EC#8:=E>#?26@#6@:#8:>29;=62%;

    %G#6@:#6:3A#TA=332=9:U#L56#E:=K:>#5;82>653L:8#=EE#%G#6@:#%6@:3#>29;2G24=;6

    >5L>6=;62K:#=>#%G#3:4%9;2R:8#=;8#@2J3%D

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 123 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    124/128

    WY

    6@:%3C#%;EC#2;43:=>:>#6@:#E2S:E2@%%8#6@=6#4@2E83:;#=3:#L%3;#=;8#3=2>:8#2;#=#G=A2EC

    >6354653:#%G#L2%E%924=E##LC#:;4%53=92;9#>54@##6%#A=33CM#6@:

    8:>29;=62%;#%G#A=332=9:#G%3#%;EC#6@=6#5;2%;#?%5E8#A=S:#26#A%3:#E2S:EC#6@=6

    %:]#4%5#?2EE#?=;6#6%#:;6:3#2;6%#A=332=9:#=;8#6@:;#>5L>:[5:;6EC#3=2>:

    6@:23#%?;#L2%E%924=E#%GG>:;>:#L:E2:G#6@=6#A=332:8#L2%E%924=E#

    6EC"#6@:C#=395:#6@:3:#4=;

    L:#;%#3:[523:A:;6#%G#;=33%?#6=2E%32;9#?@:3:#6@:3:#?%5E8#L:#=#6#=;8#6@:#E=?#.G#6@:#>6=6:#8:;2:8#>=A:(>:]#4%5#>29;2G24=;6

    L:;:G26>#5;8:3#6@:#E=?"#6@:#E=?#?%5E8#L:#A%3:#E2S:EC#6%#G=2E#:[5=E##=3:#4%A2>#3:K2:?#6%#=44:E=653:D>

    9:;:3=E2R=62%;>#:K:;#?@:;#6@:3:#2>#=;#2A#=;8#:;8>&U#

    9"22"#"#Y'*#Q&,=6#WN!#0:3:"#6@:#:]#4%5#6@:#329@6#6%#=44:>>#6@:#8:>29;=62%;#%G#A=332=9:

    ?%5E8"#=395=LEC"#G536@:3#6@:#2;6:3:>6>#2;#2LE:#

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    125/128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    126/128

    WV

    +=6@:3"##6@=6#>54@#L2=>:>#2;K=E28=6:#=#A:=>53:#2G#6@:C#=3:#6@:

    %;EC#4%;4:2K=LE:#"+7-%G%3#6@:#A:=>53:#8"":%"'A'"#I)."#"#Y!V#Q&,=6#YWY#\9=2;"

    2;#8:6:3A2;2;9#?@:6@:3#6@:3:#2>#=#3=62%;=E#3:E=62%;>@2#%A266:8I&

    '"

    i2K:;#6@:#5A2>

    3:K2:?"#.#=A#;%6#4%;K2;4:8#6@=6#J3%262%;#P#E=4S>#=#3=62%;=E#3:E=62%;>@26=6:#2;6:3:>6>#J3:4:8:;6#:K28:;4:>#:]63:A:#B58242=E#3:>63=2;6#2;

    =#3:K2:?#6%#:[5=E#:>&

    Z;EC#LC#G=26@G5E#=8@:3:;4:#6%#6@2>#95282;9##26#>2LE:#6%#:3K:#6%#6@:#E:92>E=62K:#L3=;4@#26>

    329@6G5E#2;8:#=L2E26C#6%#G5;462%;#a+b:>63=2;6>#%;

    B58242=E#3:K2:?#@=K:#=88:8#G%34:#?@:3:#6@:#E:92>E=653:#A5>6

    ;:4:>>=32EC#:;9=9:#2;#=#>#%G#E2;:(83=?2;9#_:G2;2;9#6@:#4E=>>#%G

    %;>#>5LB:46#:K26=LEC#3:[523:>#6@=6#>%A:#%;>#?@%#@=K:#=;

    =EA%>6#:[5=EEC#>63%;9#4E=2A#6%#G=K%3:8#63:=6A:;6#L:#28:>#%G#6@:#E2;:"#=;8#6@:#G=46#6@=6#6@:#E2;:#A29@6#@=K:#L::;

    83=?;#82GG:3:;6EC#=6#>%A:##2>#=#A=66:3#G%3#E:92>E=62K:"#3=6@:3#6@=;

    B58242=E"#4%;>28:3=62%;&

    (",45%=)..4R+- "#Y'P#Q&,=6#W!Yc!)#H=E6:3=62%;"#426=62%;>"#=;8#2;6:3;=E#[5%6=62%;

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 126 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    127/128

    WP

    A=3S>#%A266:8I#/@5>"#6@:#B58242=3C#G=4:>#=#4%;>#E2A26#%;#%53#B58242=E#3%E:

    2;#="+-%0)#%?@6,2%!#)/"4/3)+"#XYY#^&W8#=6

    PV'g

    .;#6@:#;:=3EC#%;:#@5;83:8#=;8#G2G6C#C:=3>#>2;4:#6@:#^%536::;6@

    \A:;8A:;6#?=>#=8%#,5A2>>:8#TG%3#?=;6#%G#=#-6H-/,+/3,2

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 127 of 128

  • 8/3/2019 Prop 8 Opinion

    128/128

    G:8:3=E#[5:>62%;&U##/@:3:#2>#9%%8#3:=>%;#G%3#6@2>#3:>63=2;6&

    Case: 10-16696 02/07/2012 ID: 8059031 DktEntry: 398-1 Page: 128 of 128