pronunciation: reductions - bow valley college · •to decrease or shorten •a lack of stress, a...
TRANSCRIPT
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Pronunciation: Reductions
Presented by:Carol Carr
November 1, 2016
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Welcome!
Agenda:• Introductions• Reductions: What are they? Consequences?
Why teach them? Goals?• Typical lesson order• Content vs. function words• Common ones• Practice exercises• Strategies• Questions and discussion
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What’s your passion?
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What does reduction mean?
• to decrease or shorten• a lack of stress, a weaker sound • changed or dropped vowels and/or consonants• example: going to becomes “gonnƏ”
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What is this reduced sound?
o O o
bananaƏ Ə
schwa = /Ə/
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Result of reduction?
• quicker• easier• vowels and words sound different: schwa /Ə/• changes the rhythm • can be confusing to learners
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Why teach reductions?
• not bad English, most common form• approach a native-speaker-like rhythm• increase ability to be understood by others• increase ability to understand others• improve listening skills and self-awareness
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Common Ones
• function words • gonna, wanna, hafta
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Strategy: teach smaller units first and then move to larger ones.sounds
↓words
↓phrases
↓short sentences
↓longer sentences
↓dialogues
↓real world tasks
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boy ran quickly store get milk bread mother.
Content: nouns, main verbs, adverbs, adjectives, wh-words, not contractionsFunction: articles, small prepositions, small conjunctions, helping (aux.) verbs, to be verbs, pronouns
The to the to some and for his .
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Content vs. Function Words
Content words• important content or meaning• stressed• full form
Function words• small, unimportant • hold sentence together• unstressed or reduced form
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CONTENT WORDSInstructions: add a few more words to each column.
nouns main verbs adverbs adjectives wh-words Notcontractions
book sing quickly small what can’t
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FUNCTION WORDSInstructions: add a few more words to each column.
articles small prepositions
smallconjunctions
helping(aux.) verbs
to beverbs
pronouns
a of and can is she
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Full Form Reduced Form Example
a
an
to
and
Ə
Ən
tƏ
Ən or n
made a mistake
an apple
close to home
toast and jam
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Phrases
O o O/tƏ/ gone to lunch
wait to seeback to workfive to two
/fƏr/ wait for mestay for dinnercall for yougo for lunch
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Sentences
1. It’s five to two.
2. This is your pen.
3. The drink is for you.
4. I love bacon and eggs.
5. Do you want nine or ten?
6. You can come to my house.
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tƏ
1. It’s five to two.yƏr
2. This is your pen.fƏr
3. The drink is for you.Ən
4. I love bacon and eggs. Ər
5. Do you want nine or ten?cƏn tƏ
6. You can come to my house.
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Listening: Full or reduced form?
____ 1. She’s _______________ have dinner late tonight.
____ 2. He’s________________ the bank after work.
____ 3. My school is close _________ my house.
____ 4. There are _________ schools in my neighbourhood.
____ 5. I’m hungry. I _____________________ eaten more food for breakfast.
____ 6. I ___________________ something to eat.
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Dialoguescan = /kƏn/
A: I can play the piano, but I can’t sing.B: Really? I can sing, but I can’t play the piano.A: Can you play soccer?B: No, I can’t. But I can swim pretty well.A: Oh, I can’t. But I can run really fast.B: You know what? You can speak English very well.
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Activities
Substitution Exercises
Topic: fruit
A.What__(fruit) do you like? B.I like ______________ and _______________. How about you?
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Real World Tasks
Going to: to describe future plansTask: Ls engage in small talk and ask about their weekend plans.Example: So, what are you going to do this weekend?
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Thank you!