Promoting Right to Health

Dr V Rukmini Rao

Current Status The health of Indian Women is linked to

their status in society There is a strong son preference High dowry cost for daughters Women have little autonomy and

decision-making over health related decisions

Poor health results in inadequate child care and affects economic well being of the household

Women’s Health determined by Fertility to a great extent

High levels of infant mortality combined with the strong son preference motivate women to bear high numbers of children

Numerous pregnancies and closely spaced births result in premature births, low birth weight babies, and also increase the health risk for mothers

Knowledge of Family Planning While knowledge is universal, only 36%

of married women aged 13 to 49 currently use modern contraceptives

Place of residence, education and religion are strongly related to both fertility and contraceptive use

Fertility rates for highly literate women are 2.2 children while for non literates it is 4

Knowledge of Family Planning

20% of married women in India either want to delay their next birth or have no more children, they are not able to space their pregnancies

Government programmes push female sterilization – 67%

Maternal Mortality Rate MMR 2004 – 2006 is 303 in Orissa

compared to 254 in India Developed countries – 4 to 7 These are preventable deaths Main cause lack of access to

health care 37% of all pregnant women

receive no prenatal care

Maternal Mortality Rate

50% of Illiterate women received no care compared to 13% of literate women

Women in rural areas less likely to receive care – 42%

Urban women – 18% Need to educate women about

the importance of health care for safe child births

NFHS Data – Child Births

Three quarters of all births took place at home

2/3rds of all births were not attended by trained medical person

Maternal Deaths related to easily treated problem One in five maternal deaths can be

treated easily Anemia can be inexpensively

treated by iron tablets 50 to 90% all pregnant women

suffer from anemia Sever anemia accounts for 20% of

all maternal deaths

Violence Against Women is a Health Problem Estimates for dowry deaths are

25,000 a year Increase in reported level of crimes Much of violence is faced at home Rapes go unreported 30% of all reported rapes happen

to girls who were aged 16 and younger

Reported number of incidents of torture increased dramatically

Alcoholism

Alcoholism is associated with increase in violence against women

Alcoholism socially accepted among adivasi community

Malnutrition Malnutrition is a serious problem among

Indian women This is made worse by heavy work

demands, child bearing and rearing Increased susceptibility to illness and

consequent higher mortality More than 53% of all girls and boys

under 4 years were malnourished - 1996

HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS epidemic is spreading rapidly and will increasing affect women’s health

Action Steps

Basis of good health is good food Ensure household food security Community grain banks Access to government schemes Access to PDS, organizing to monitor Access to NREGA Access to ICDS services

Action Steps

Organize at district and state level to access and improve services

Self Help Groups to initiate health care mechanisms