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Page 1: Promoting Research and Education for Alaskans in ...acat.org/wp-content/uploads/2016_Jason_collins_Solar-Presentation.… · Art&Danielle’s Solar Array –3kw •System Size: 12

Local Solar PV Systems Update

Promoting Research and Education forAlaskans in Sustainable Development

acat.org

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Getting to Net Zero Energy

26kwh $1800

NZE0 kwh $68

Step 5:Solar Panels

Step 1:Phantom Loads

26kwh $1800

NZE0 kwh $68

24kwh $168426kwh $1800

NZE0 kwh $68

17kwh $1201

Step 2:Lighting

26kwh $1800

NZE0 kwh $68

11kwh $742

Step 3:Appliances

26kwh $1800

NZE0 kwh $68

7kwh $554

Step 4:HVAC Equipment

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PASSIVE SOLAR vs. HEATING DEGREE DAYS

See UAF Co‐Ops  Alaska Solar Guide.

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Solar – PV Watts2

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Solar – PV Watts2

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Solar PV seasonal site angles

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Jason’s Solar PV Array – 3.65kw

•System Size: 13 x 280w panels = 3.65kw

•System Type: Central Inverter(Power Optimizers to control voltage)

•Mounting: Roof, 60&30 degrees

•Annual kwh: 2890kwh (estimated)

•Installed Cost: $7000 / $4900 w/ Credit

•Payback 12‐15 years, DIY with Tax Credit5% (simple) Return on Investment

•Special Notes: NZE for electrical only for year?Frost still sticks at 60 degreesEdge of cloud effect

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Solar PV Array

At the end of the year, any remaining additional production is paid out for a zero balance.

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Paul& Julie’s Solar PV Array – 3kw

•System Size: 12 x 255w panels = 3kw

•System Type: Central inverters

•Mounting: Ground racking, 45 degreesUnistrut racking

•Annual kwh: 2200kwh 

•Installed Cost: $7,000 / $4,900 w/ Credit

•Payback: 12‐15 years, DIY5% Return on Investment

•Special Notes: Cleaning is important, 3‐4x per year.Love their setup, glad they did it.

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Art&Danielle’s Solar Array – 3kw

•System Size: 12 x 255w panels = 3kw

•System Type: Central inverter

•Mounting: Ground racking, 45 degreesUnistrut racking

•Annual kwh: 2500kwh 

•Installed Cost: $5,500 / $3850 w/ Credit

•Payback: 8‐12 years, DIY5% Return on Investment

•Special Notes: Less surrounding trees and shadingShorter distance to electrical panel

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Alan’s Solar PV Array ‐ 2.85kw

•System Size: 10 x 285w panels = 2.85kw

•System Type: Enphase microinverters

•Mounting: Roof racking, 45 degrees

•Annual kwh: 2500kwh (estimated)

•Installed Cost: $12,100 / $8,470 w/ Credit

•Payback: 20 years5.2% Return on Investment

•Special Notes: Make sure you are aware of your utility’s requirements for permits. Delayed interconnect 4 months.Snow cleared at 45 deg with some sun.

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Palmer Solar PV Array ‐ 2kw

•System Size: 8 x 250w panels = 2kw

•System Type: Enphase microinverters

•Mounting: Ground racking, 45 degrees

•Annual kwh: 2000kwh

•Installed Cost: $5,000 / $3,500 w/ Credit

•Payback: 20 years5.2% Return on Investment

•Special Notes: Originally had Enphase microinverters but problems with cold 20F.•Sent 1740 kWh to grid•Total used in house 1190 kWh•Used 930 kWh from grid•Produced extra from March - October

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Agate Solar PV Array ‐ 48kw

•System Size: 8 x 250w panels = 2kw

•System Type: Central Inverter

•Mounting: Building mount, 45&60 deg.

•Annual kwh: 12,000kwh (estimated)

•Installed Cost: $36,000/$25,000 w. Credit• $3/watt w/ “local” labor

•Payback: 11 years9% Return on Investment

•Special Notes: Powering multiple buildings•3 houses and 2 apartment buildings•Meter buildings separately, bill combined•Electric bill ~ $94 for all 5 buildings 3/2015•Bills show credit for 2 apartments in March

6 KW array

6 KW array

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Economic Assessment

ACAT Annual MeetingNov. 12, 2016

Masteller PV System

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System Info

• 3705 kW rated power• 13 285‐watt panels with DC power optimizers • 60‐deg tilt angle; oriented to true south• 5000W string inverter• IronRidge racking• $7700 total cost = $2.08/watt• After 30% tax credit; system cost $5400

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Economic Analysis

Two relatively simple methods:•Cost of Electricity Comparison•Return on Investment

Another more complicated method•Total Cost of Ownership

– Typically used for large investments– Includes time value of money, loan interest, energy inflation rates, etc. 

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Estimating Energy Production

All methods require estimate of energy produced (kWh) over some period of time

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Estimating Annual Production 

Using online PVWatts calculator (pvwatts.nrel.gov/)

Data Inputs• 3705 Watt array at 60‐degree tilt angle, true south 

orientation• Using Palmer airport solar insolation data• Price of kWh from utility ($0.19)

Estimated annual production =  3,145 kWh

Estimated annual energy value = $600

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Annual Production – PVWatts

491

421

347

262

ActualProduction

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Method 1 ‐ Cost of Electricity Comparison

Compare, over 30 yrs:

•cost of kWh from PV systemto

•cost from conventional source (e.g. utility)

Economic Analysis

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Cost of Electricity Comparison

3.705 kW system near Palmer; producing 3145 kWh/year; system cost after tax credit ‐ $5400

Now, to compare with buying from utility:Calculate total energy value over 30 yrs:• 3145 kWh/year for 30 years = 94,350 kWh 

• 94,350 kWh x $0.19/kWh = $17,926 over 30 years

Economic Analysis – Method 1

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Method 2 ‐ Return on Investment

Another relatively simple method•An estimate of the rate of return on your investment

•Savings generated by investment in RE system are expressed as percentage of investment

Economic Analysis

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Return on InvestmentDivide annual dollar value of energy generated by total system cost 

• Annual Electricity value: • 3145 kWh/year x $0.19/kWh = $597/year 

• Rounding: $600 divided by $5,400 = 0.111

• 0.111 x 100 = 11.1 percent ROI

Economic Analysis – Method 2

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Weaknesses – Cost of Electricity and ROI Methods

These simple tools typically ignore:• Interest payments on loans • Rising cost of electricity (aka “energy inflation 

rate”)• Different rate you pay for kWh versus what you get 

paid when it goes on grid• “Opportunity costs” – lost income from other 

things you could have done with the money…

Economic Analysis

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Energy Inflation RateExample ‐ Cook Inlet Natural Gas

20‐year period 1993‐2012150% increase totalAverage 7.5% per year

6‐year period 2004‐2009140% increase totalAverage 23% per year

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Cost depends on manyfactors, including•Size of system•Complexity•Using installer?  DIY?•Distance installer must travel•Type of installation•Difficulty of installation•Etc.

Review ‐ Reminder

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Misleading Method ‐ Simple Payback• Common term, and frequent question

• Defined – time needed to pay back system cost

• Easy to understand, but “misleading” (Chiras)

• Do we routinely apply this concept to anything else?  Any energy‐related device in our home?

• Simple payback more appropriate for energy conservation/efficiency measures 

Economic Analysis

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IncentivesFederal, state and local incentives can make a HUGE difference

If you want to know incentives:

•www.dsireusa.org

•Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency

What’s OUR role in incentives??  Policy‐making??

Economic Analysis

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NET ZERO ELECTRICAL METERING

NET METERING – energy produced and energy used are measured at the building location. Equal utility rates?

• MEA Rates for power purchase vary quarterly.• Power sold back into grid = $0.0825 / kwh• Power purchased from grid = $0.11455 / kwh plus tariffs

$0.191174 / kwh with tariffs• Difference in bought – sold = $0.10 /kwh

What does this mean? If you are using the grid as a “battery” and trying to pay for your winter/evening energy usage with summer/daytime production, you’ll need to produce more than energy than you use.

FEES AND TARIFFS – utility providers have fees and tariffs isolated from actual usage cost. Even if you make as much energy as you use, you will still have a utility bill.

• MEA Monthly fee = $5.65• Annually = $67.80

26kwh $1800

NZE0 kwh $68

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PATH TO NET ZERO WORKSHOP SERIESNon-profit education outreach for Net Zero Energy

Register Online: www.ACAT.org

Full Day Workshops• $80 -160 General Admission• $40-80 Students and members• $225+ w/ Continuing Ed. Certificate

Lectures, Shorter Workshops• $20 General Admission • $10 Student* • $75 w/ Cont. Ed. Certificate

*Scholarships Available