promoting anaerobic digestion of … landfill, singosari (open dumping) b. talangagung landfill,...
TRANSCRIPT
PROMOTING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN INDONESIA
Mohammad Helmy Senior Adviser, Indonesia Solid Waste Association (InSWA)
8 September 2015
The Archipelago of Indonesia
http://www.ceritaindonesia.web.id
• 255 million population in 1.9 million km2
• 34 provinces, 511 Cities + Regencies, 17,000 islands
• Almost 60% of the population in Java Island
Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics and Handling
58%
14%
9%
2%
17%
Organic
Plastic
Paper
Metal
Woods, Glass, Rubber, Fabric, Sand, Other
Source: Indonesia Domestic Solid Waste Statistics, MoE, 2008
69%
14%
14%
3%
Transported to Landfill
Buried, Burnt
Composted, other
Disposed
Waste Handling
Waste Composition
Policy framework: Law No 18/2008 on MSW Management
Central Government authority:
• Policy and strategy formulation
• Formulate national standards, procedure and guidelines
• Conduct capacity building, coordination and facilitation
MSW Management Policy:
• Minimization 3R & EPR; Handling collecting, segregation, transportation, landfill and final processing
• Close open dumping practices and shift to sanitary landfilling / W2E / other methods
• Enhance local government’s services to the community
City and District authority:
• Responsible for the implementation of MSW management policies
• Carry out monitoring, evaluation and control
Anaerobic digestion of MSW as an alternative energy source
• Indonesia has a long experience in the application of AD for micro / small food industries (e.g. tofu, cassava flour) and the utilization of animal manure in animal husbandry in rural areas;
• Energy is generated from waste, which would otherwise be dumped or landfilled, with savings in transport costs, and a decrease of air, soil and water pollution;
• AD development shall complement the activity of waste banks, which have been very successful in Indonesia in the recycling of inorganics (e.g. paper, plastics, etc.);
• Given the high shares of organic waste that are left untreated, there is an enormous untapped potential to generate energy from waste through AD conversion in Indonesia.
Policy framework in Indonesia for waste-to-energy
No. Energy Capacity Electricity Tariff Note
Medium Voltage
1. Biomass until 10 MW IDR 1.150,- / kWh X F ($ 8 cents)
2. Biogas until 10 MW IDR 1.050,- / kWh X F ($ 7 cents) Non Municipal Solid Waste
3. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) until 10 MW IDR 1.450,- / kWh ($ 11 cents) Zero waste
4. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) until 10 MW IDR 1.250,- / kWh ($ 9 cents) Sanitary Landfill
Low Voltage
1 Biomass until 10 MW IDR 1.500,- / kWh X F ($ 11 cents)
2 Biogas until 10 MW IDR 1.400,- / kWh X F ($ 10 cents) Non Municipal Solid Waste
3 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) until 10 MW IDR 1.798,- / kWh ($ 13 cents) Zero waste
4 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) until 10 MW IDR 1.598,- / kWh ($ 15 cents) Sanitary Landfill
*F is an incentive factor based on the region where the power plant installed
A Feed-in tariff system for bioenergy-based power generation is in place in Indonesia through Regulation No. 19 (2013) and No. 27 (2014) of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources:
Piloting the anaerobic digestion conversion of municipal solid waste in Jambi City (South Sumatra) and Malang Regency (East Java)
Overview of Jambi City
Population 681,616 inhabitants
Area 205.40 km2
Daily waste generation 362.5 tons/day
Waste generation rate 0.53 kg/capita/day
Waste collection rate (waste transported to the landfill)
72%
Institution responsible for waste management Sanitation, Landscaping, and Cemetery Agency
Coverage area of waste management services 100%
Final Disposal Talang Gulo Landfill (15 km from the city centre). Semi-controlled landfill.
TELANAIPURADISTRICT
PELAYANGANDISTRICT
DANAUTELUK
DISTRICT EASTJAMBIDISTRICT
SOUTHJAMBIDISTRICT
JELUTUNGDISTRICT
KOTABARUDISTRICT
PASARJAMBIDISTRICT
Jambi
=MaterialRecoveryFacility=Landfill=WasteBank
TalangGuloLandfill
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10
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B
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G
F
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Jambi City
Opportunities for waste-to-energy in Jambi
• Ongoing practice in Jambi: collection – transportation – final disposal of waste
• Waste-to-energy pilot (Anaerobic Digestion) to treat market waste at Angso Duo market is being developed by ESCAP, in partnership with the Jambi local government authority and UCLG ASPAC
• At Angso Duo market, > 65% of waste composition is suitable for AD conversion (vegetables 56%, fruits 11%)
Waste generation and collection in the Angso Duo market
Overview of Malang Regency
Population 2,466,277 inhabitants
Area 3,238 km2
Daily waste generation 1603 ton/day
Waste generation rate 0.65 kg/cap/day
Waste collection rate (waste transported to the landfill)
4.7%
Institution responsible for waste management
The Human Settlements and Spatial Planning Agency
Coverage area of waste management services
76%
Final Disposal
a. Randuagung Landfill, Singosari (open dumping) b. Talangagung Landfill, Kepanjen (semi-controlled landfill) c. Paras Landfill, Poncokusumo (semi-controlled landfill) d. Rejosari Landfill, Bantur (open dumping)
KasembonDistrict
NgantangDistrict
PujonDistrict Karangploso District Singosari
District
LawangDistrict
PakisDistrict JabungDistrict
TumpangDistrict
DauDistrict
WagirDistrict
Ngajum District
WonosariDistrict
KromanganDistrict
SumberpucungDistrict
Kepanjen District
Pakisaji District
TajinanDistrict
BululawangDistrict
GondanglegiDistrict
PlaranDistrict
Turen District
WajakDistrict
PancokusumoDistrict
Ampelgading District
TirtoyudoDistrict
DampitDistrict
SumbermanjingWetanDistrict Gedangan
District
BanturDistrict
Pagak District
KalipareDistrict
DonomulyoDistrict
MalangRegency
=MaterialRecoveryFacility=Landfill=WasteBank
PujonLandfill RanduagungLandfill
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6ParasLandfill
BululawangLandfillTalangAgung
Landfill
PagakLandfill RejosariLandfill 9
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Malang Regency
Opportunities for waste-to-energy in Malang Regency
• Malang Regency is mostly composed of peri-urban areas, with extensive areas for plantation, agriculture and animal breeding;
• A 2 ton per day waste-to-energy pilot will be developed by ESCAP, in partnership with Malang Regency, the local community and UCLG ASPAC, to treat waste from the Mantung market, as well as the organic waste from other smaller markets nearby and animal husbandry waste;
• Ongoing practice in Mantung are: waste collection and disposal to the nearest dumping site or river without any further treatment. Additionally, the animal waste from husbandry is simply dumped into the river and no treatment occurs.
Mantung market, Malang Regency
Expected Results and Challenges
Waste-to-energy plants for treating organic waste in Jambi and Malang Regency operate in a financially sustainable manner and provide energy to the surrounding communities in the form of heat and/or electricity
Reduction in the waste transported and disposed into landfills, thereby saving landfill area and reducing waste transportation costs
The model is replicated to other cities in Indonesia
Segregation of waste at source is typically not practiced or enforced in Indonesia
Tipping fees are traditionally not paid by municipalities
Low budget allocations to MSW Management can be an issue for ensuring the financial sustainability of “waste-to-resource” initiatives, especially AD and composting
Technical issues are likely in handling a “new” waste conversion approach, and therefore the a need for capacity building of plant managers and operators
Expected results:
Challenges:
Thank You. Terima Kasih
Indonesia Solid Waste Association (InSWA)
Secretariat: Jl. Krekot Bunder IV Blok H No 19, Pasar Baru, Jakarta-Pusat [email protected], [email protected] http://inswa.or.id Field Office: TPS 3R RAWASARI Jl. Rawa Kerbau 5A- Rawasari Selatan, Cempaka Putih Timur, Jakarta Pusat 10510 Telp: (+62-21) 4627 1206 Fax :(+62-21) 4627 1207