promote gender equality and empower women women, the engine of the world daniela bellucci maria edo...
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Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Women, the engine of the World
Daniela BellucciMaria Edo
Alessandro RomeoMiriam Ruscio
Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
“Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women”
the ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education
the ratio of literate women to men in the 15-to 24-year-old age group
the share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector
the proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments
THE TARGET
“Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education
no later than 2015”
THE GOAL
An overview
The indicators
Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Sub-Saharan Africa: 54% will never enter primary school
70% of the world illiterate are women
Chronic hunger, lack of income education and nutrition is overwhelmingly a condition of women
¾ of world refugees are women
585.000 women – one every minute – die each year from pregnancy-related causes
An overview
….some examples
Statistics…
Girls to boys ratio in primary and
secondary education
Ratio of literate woman to men (15-24 group)
Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector (% of total
non agricultural employment)Proportion of seats held by woman in
national parliaments
East Asia & Pacific 99,1 ... 41 17,4
Europe & Central Asia 96,3 ... 48 12,9
Latin America & Caribbean 101,8 ... 46 18,6
Middle East & North Africa 92,4 ... 18 6,4
South Asia 87,5 ... 18 11,3
Sub-saharan Africa 85,6 ... ... 16,2
Average 93,78 ... 34,2 13,8
Gender Goal Indicators - By region
WORLD BANK DATA
Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Gender and the MDGs
70% of the poorest population is female
70% of the illiterate world is female
- Boys are favoured over girls in health care - High Infant Mortality Rate - education/income levels of mother
Women’s inability to make health-related decisions: cause of maternal mortality
61% of people living with HIV are women
““Gender equality is more than a goal in itself. It is a precondition for
meeting the challenge of reducing poverty, promoting sustainable
development and building good governance.” ”- Kofi Annan -
X X
Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Countries’ profile
UgandaSenegal
Benin
Burkina Faso
MalawiGhana
Poses innumerable challenges for modern economic development like: diseases, prolonged droughts, and distance from world markets
HISTORY
Three centuries of slave trade (1500-1800)
Another century of brutal colonial rule
In the 60´s most of the countries became independent
Sub-Saharan Africa became a puppet in the cold war
From the 60´s until these days sub- Saharan Africa has been in a poverty trap
POLITICS
Well-governed countries. However they failed to prosper
All of them are part of a democratic system of government.
GEOGRAPHY
Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Countries’ profileSTATISTICS
Ch
alla
ng
es
These macroeconomic gains aren’t translated into improved social indicators
Economic isolation and lack of basic infrastructure in rural households deepen the hunger, diseases and poverty
It is urgent to achieve more sustainable production systems and outlines incentives to protect the environment
Under-recognized potential of millions of women who play a dominant role in farming
2005 5%2006 5% 48,50 3% 27% 19%2007 5% 0,37 40%
2005 5%2006 5% 56,50 2% 41% 42%2007 5% 0,50
2005 6%2006 5% 50,00 4% 71% 31%2007 6% 0,51
2005 6%2006 6% 57,50 2% 66% 49% 28%2007 7% 0,55
2005 3%2006 4% 55,00 3% 33% 41% 40%2007 5% 0,44
2005 3% 54%2006 6% 40,50 2% 54% 18%2007 6% 0,44
2005 5%2006 5% 51,33 3% 49% 34%2007 6% 0,47
Burkina Faso
Malawi
Benin
PopulationGrowth
(% )
Senegal
Average
Life Expectancy
(years)HDI
GDP Growth
(% )
Poverty(% of
household)
Urbanpopulation(% of pop)
Literacyrate
(youth female 15-24)
Uganda
Ghana
Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Countries’ profileSTATISTICS: Gender Goal Indicators
Girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary education
Ratio of literate woman to men (15-24 group)
Share of women in wage employment in the non-
agricultural sector (% of total non agricultural employment)
Proportion of seats held by woman in
national parliaments
Burkina Faso 76,8 ... 15 11,7Senegal 89,6 ... ... 19,2Uganda ... ... ...Ghana 90,8 ... ... 10,9Benin 72,5 ... ... 7,2Malawi 97,90 ... 12 13,6Average 85,52 ... 13,5 12,52
WORLD BANK DATA
Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Project: General Overview
North-american NGO
Case study: Benin, Burkina Faso, Malawi, Senegal, Uganda, GhanaGoal:
Sustainable End of World
Hunger
“An epicenter is defined as a cluster of 10 to 15 villages within a 10km radius, with a population of approximately 10,000 people, that come together to meet basic needs.The centerpiece of the strategy is an L-shaped epicenter building that houses the community’s programs for health, education, food security and economic development. The community elects an overall epicenter committee and forms subcommittees to manage each program”.
Key features underpinning all their programmes:
Bottom Up Approach
Gender focused
Local DemocracyFunding
Individual voluntary donations
Methodology: Epicentre Strategy
African Women Food Farmer Initiative
Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
AWFFI - AFRICAN WOMEN FOOD FARMER INTIATIVE -
Agriculture is the key to Sub-Saharan Africa progress
80% of the food is grown by women
10% of the credits are destined to women
AWFFI arises to fill in this vital missing link
1% of the land is own by women
Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
AWFFI - AFRICAN WOMEN FOOD FARMER INTIATIVE -
THE GOALAWFFI economically empowers women through a program of credit, savings and training. Within five years, the women at the epicenter establish and run their own
government-recognized rural bank
The strategy
i. Prior to the creation of a women-led bank, AWFFI operates as a direct credit program:
Solidarity groups of 10-15 women. Income generating activities. Annual Rate of interest. No credit obligations elsewhere. Minimum savings required. Literacy classes. Daughters.
ii. Official Recognition of the Women Led Bank. Conditions:
Participation:
Savings
Training and Exams
Recognition
Milestone event. Signals the transition into self-reliance
Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Project StatusFinancial Data - 2007
AWFFI – Project Status
Recognized Banks
Scale up
CountryValue of
Loans Disbursed
Number ofLoans
Disbursed
Number of Partners Who
Received Loans
Average Loan Sizege
Cumulative RepaymentRate at End
Cumulativesavings
Benin $49,564 45 698 $71 91.14% $32,876
Burkina Faso $63,677 193 904 $70 84.07% $63,933
Ghana $41,576 58 544 $76 75.32% $20,708
Malawi $4,430 9 81 $55 77.71% $893
Senegal $3,700 4 29 $128 97.07% $59,579
Uganda $4,686 3 35 $134 97,00% $13,314
TOTAL $167,633 312 2291 $89 87.05% $191,303
Pilot project to scale upthe AWFFI
Country EpicenterDate of Official
Government Recognition
Avlamé December 2005Dekpo 39173
Nagréongo May 2002 Zincko May 2002 Loaga December 2004 Toulfé December 2004
Nongfaire December 2004Atuobikrom May 2005
Nsuta-Aweregya May 2005 Matsekope December 2006
Malawi Nsondole November 2005Mpal October 2000 Dahra September 2001 Coki December 2005
July 2004January 2006January 2007
Benin
Burkina Faso
Ghana
Senegal
UgandaWakiso Mpigi
Kiboga
Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
AWFFI – SWOT Analysis
Capacity building Women empowerment Economic and environmental
sustainability Multisectorial Approach Transparency criteria through US
rating agencies
Strengths
No true replicability (preconditions) Overlapping with other agencies
and government activities Lack of “historical” data regarding
the project performance
Weaknesses
Scale up Positive externalities
Oppurtunities
Risk of instability Status quo in the land ownership
system Diseases Risk of climate disaster Food commodity prices recently
have soared. Pillaging could occurred against lands involved in the project
Threats
Recomendation: increase cooperation with other agencies to take advantage of all the project’s potential.
Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
AWFFI and the MDG’s
Gender Equality
Women empowerment: it contributes to the 3rd Goal by empowering women who become economic and community leaders
EducationSpecial relationship (which in fact is its target!)
Training Literacy Daughters Informal education
All other MDGs
Gender: precondition for all goals
Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
WHY AWFFI ?
Another microcredit project…. Why choose this one?
Principles that underpin the project make it powerful and sustainable:
Capacity building, environmental and economical sustainability, human empowerment…local people as agents of change
Sustainable and scalable
Respectful of the essential values underlying the MDGs
Inspired on a “development as freedom” approach
Involvement of private international investors in fair financing process
Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
“Forget about China and India……
women are the next engine of growth!”
Conclusions
Or…
What future do you prefer?!
“There is no time to loose if we are to reach the MDGs by target date of 2015.
Only by investing in the world’s women can we expect to get there”
Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
ReferencesLINKShttp://www.undp.org/women/http://web.worldbank.orghttp://devdata.worldbank.org/genderstats/genderRpt.asp?rpt=profile&cty=UGA,Uganda&hm=homehttp://www.who.int/gender/en/http://www.unfpa.org/swp/2005/presskit/factsheets/facts_gender.htmwww.thp.orghttp://www.doingbusiness.org/features/women.aspx http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/CustomQuery
Books and Papers“Millennium Development Goals, a look through a gender lens”, UNDP National Reports, 2003”Seven women entrepreneurs”, Report from World Bank“The End of Poverty”, Jeffrey D. Sachs
Imageswww.idrc.ca/.../067-5/img/gender_pove_38_0.jpghttp://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol20no2/african-women.jpg