promise of giant micro-photonics for...

Promise of Giant Micro-photonics for Energy - Ubiquitous High Power Lasers -

Takunori TAIRA [email protected]

Institute for Molecular ScienceFellow of OSA, SPIE, and IEEE

Micro Solid-State Photonics

Interaction between Light and Matter

・Light control by domain・Coherence length building block・Enhance optical function

Dipole momentum ! Polarization

P(t) = !0"(1)E(t)+!0"

(2)E2 (t)+!0"(3)E 3(t)+ ...

PNL (t)：Nonlinear term

! (1) = "!e # i ""!e

Emission/Absorption

Nonlinear wavelength conv.

SHG/OPG/DFG...Order the micro-domains to enhance its optical functions

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! Gibbs Free Energy

Crystal growth

(traditional)

Grain growth

Stress control

Electric control

Magnetic control

Nd:YVO4 Yb:YAG

T. Taira et al., Opt. Lett.16, 1955 (1991).

Gibbs Free Energy

T. Taira et al., Opt. Lett.

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T. Taira et al.JSAP 21aE7, 893 (1994),

IEEE JSTQE. 3, 100 (1997)

T. Taira et al.

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T. Taira et al., OSA TOPS 19, 430 (1998),

I. Shoji et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 939 (2000).

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S. Kurimura et al., OYOBUTURI, 69, 548 (2000),

M. Harada et al., J. Materi. Res. 19, 969 (2004).

growthgrowth��

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H. Ishizuki et al., Appl. Phys. Lett.82, 4062 (2003).

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J. Akiyama et al., Opt. Lett. 35, 3598 (2010).

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dG = !SdT + µidNii" ! Vi!GBd 1

ri

#

$%&

'(

i" +V eijd" ij !P )dE!M )dB

i, j"

● Laser Ignition for Engine✴ Energy saving

● New Material for Fusion Driver✴ New energy

Outline

��Ref.：総合研究開発機構「エネルギーを考える」

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Fire Wood, water, window, and Horsepower energy

Livestockenergy

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Tr

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tion

Tran

spor

tatio

nTr

ansp

orta

tionRenoir Engine (1860)

Ref.：総合研究開発機構「エネルギーを考える」

curv

e

Laser (Maiman) 1960

Electromagnetism

Quantum Electronics

Nat

ural

Ene

rgy

Wat

erm

illW

indm

ill

Despoliation: deforestation

Pomp works (Loss)

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! High pressure ! large !! Lean mixture ! large " Low temp. combustion

! low NOx

! High pressure ! large !

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! Large EGR ! High-efficiency! low NOx

Adiabatic process

Adiabatic process

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Isochoric process

Isochoric process

QH

QC

Combustion works (Power)

V

P

BDC(Bottom dead center)

TDC(Top dead center)

Ignition is difficult !

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ε: compression ratio

κ: ratio of specific heat!th =

WQH

=1! TC

TH

=1! 1"#!1

PistonCylinder

TDC

BDC

" Admission # Compression $ Combustion/ Expansion % Exhaustion

Nikolaus August Otto, 1832-1891 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_cycle

http://www.naoj.org/Pressrelease/2009/01/22/fig01_l.jpgSpiral Galaxy M33 (Messier 33)

= 30,000 Kh!

Temperature of single photon (~500nm)

* Unit photon energy (VIS.): E = h! ~ 2.5 eV* Unit thermal energy (300K): E = kT ~ 0.025 eV

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e-

E

e-

+

e-

e-

-20~30kV

Electron avalanche

Ignition Time = ~1ms

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Whence the first electron?

+

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Ignition Time = 0.5~10ns

Electromagnetism Quantum Electronics

��E

~100GW/cm2

Electron avalanche+

e-

e-

+

e- e-

e-

+e- e-

+

3rd Laser Ignition Conference at USA! T3A.1 The First Laser Ignition Engine Experiment (c.a. 1976)

J. D. Dale and P. R. SmyUniversity of Alberta, Canada

Abstract: The first use of a focused laser beam acting as the ignition source for an I.C. engine is described.Experimental results show faster combustion, higher efficiency and extended A/F operation compared with a conventional ignition system.

! 1J, 50ns, 10Hz, 14ft. long CO2laser

! 1.5 kW of electrical power

Ref. SAE Paper 780329, “Laser Ignited Internal Combustion Engine – an Experimental Study”, Trans. SAE, 1978, pp 1539-1548

! Much faster combustion! More engine power and better

thermal efficiency! Higher NO (higher cylinder

temp. by faster combustion)! Require E.G.R.

Engine

Laser

��

Piston

10% for electrode

Spark plug

50% for grand electrode

40% for combustion

Quenching by cold cylinder wall

Piston

Laser beamWindow / optics

! Fast and Intense Ignition! Flexible Position Ignition (Optimization)! Multi Points and Multi Pulses Ignition! Reduced Electrode Loss and Quenching Ignition! Benefit for High Pressure Ignition

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��! 4f electron: not full! Outer (5s25p6) : full

RE3+ properties as laser4fn : forbidden transition

! Sharp and strong emission! Long lifetime! Broad emission bandwidth! Highly emission efficiency! Isolated from crystal field

Shilded by outerlying 5s25p6 electrons

Radia

l dis

trib

ution function

Spatial distribution of 4f, 5s,5p,5d,6s electrons**Science of rare earths, Kagaku-dojin p.5 (1999) in Japanese

Radius (!)

Natural Quantum Box

Energy storage ! Q-sw.! Giant-pulse generationGiant-pulse generationGiant-pulse generation

200µs = 2x10-4s 200ps = 2x10-10s

x106

Sun’s temperature：TB = 6,000 K

1016 times higher than the Sun

! Pulse energy: 0.96 mJ! Pulse width: 480ps! Peak power: 1.7 MW! Transverse mode : M2 = 1.05! Linewidth: < 5.1 pm! Electrical Power: <20 mW/pulse

Brightness temperature of micro-laser：TB = ~2 x 1020 K

B = 115kW/sr-cm2

B = 140TW/sr-cm2

Ref. N. Pavel, T. Taira, et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 40(3A), 1253 (2001). H. Sakai, H. Kan, T. Taira, Opt. Express, 16(24), 19891 (2008)

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! ��

- Microchip: Short cavity, Wide beam area- Intense, short period pump (qCW): High-efficiency, high-peak power: Energy-saving, low-thermal problem

Ref. Taira et al., US6950449, US6931047 (2001)

B =P

S!=

PM 2"( )2

Brightness:

Power/(Area x Solid angle)

BL(!) = B ! 1000"!

Brilliance:

… per wavelength！

! Giant-pulse Nd:YAG micro-laser! 1mJ, 500ps, 1.06 μm" Brightness, B=1.7 x 1014 (W/sr•cm 2)" Brilliance, BL=1.93 x 1027 (photon/s•mm 2(mrad)2•0.1%b.w.)" Brightness temperature, TB=1.58 x 1020 (K)

Giant-pulse micro-laserBL=1.93 x 1027 (個/s•mm 2(mrad)2•0.1%b.w.)

Q-sw. マイクロチップレーザー

LD

P=30Wtp=200µsM2=200!"=3nm

P=2MWtp=0.5nsM2=1.02#$<5pm

B=0.11MW/sr.cm2

B=0.17PW/sr.cm2

#=17%

Giant-pulse micro-laser

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Power, P

Spectral purity, f("!)

BrightnessBrightness Temperature

TB

Temporal coherence

Spatial coherenceBeam quality, f(M2)

B =P

M 2!( )2

TB =P

M 2( )2kB!"

Maximum temperature of black body by absorption

Luminance of light source

for unit aria and solid angle

Equivalent black body temperature for limited area and spectrum.

Luminance at focus point

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! Constant volume combustion chamber (no flow)! Air fuel (C3H8) ratio 15.3 (stoichiometric mixture)! Atmospheric pressure and room temperature

35mJ 2.7 x 4 mJ

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slow motion：x1000

Nature photonics, 2 (9), 515 (2008).

Ref OSA Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Photonics, Nara, Japan, January 27-30, MB4 (2008)

PERFORMANCE OF LASER IGNITION FOR STOICHIOMETRIC MIXTURE

Micro LaserSpark Plug

Measured by schlieren optical system

Microchip Laser

Holding mirrors

Transmission lens (f=300mm)

Focus Lens (f=10mm)

Engine

Metal FlameOptical Path ~830mm

F r a m e g r o w t h w a s visualized by schlieren optical system through the transparent window

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・High speed camera: Flame rate 5000・Slow motion: x 1667

! 2.0L straight-4 piston engine with direct injection (bore and stroke are 86mm)

! A/F (Gasoline) = 14.5 (stoichiometric)! 1600rpm (ignition repetition rate is 13.3Hz)

Ref： 1) IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 46 (2), 277-284 (2010). 2) Advances in Solid-State Lasers: Development and Applications, (Book edited by: Mikhail Grishin, ISBN 978-953-7619-80-0, February 2010, INTECH, Croatia), Chapter 10, 195-212 (2010).

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(ignition repetition rate is 13.3Hz)

Advances in Solid-State Lasers: Development and Applications, (Book edited by: Mikhail Grishin, ISBN 978-953-7619-80-0, February 2010, INTECH, Croatia), Chapter 10, 195-212 (2010).

Spark Plug Microchip Laser40!s

600!s

1000!s

1800!s

35mJ 2mJ

! Advantages of ceramics# Faster production times# Solid solution allowing the fabrication of

multi-phase-transition materials# Highly homogeneous materials# Flexibility of doping elements and levels # Ability to engineered profiles and

structures before sintering

Scattering sources in ceramics

Pores

Surfaceroughness

Birefringence

2nd phase

•Isotropic cubic material•Sintering aid

Solution

A.C. 1998, JFCC/IMS, Japanhttp://www.pref.aichi.jp/touji/index.htmlB.C. 3000, Japan

Unsuitable for laser due to scattering

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! Composite, all-ceramics, high-peak power Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG monolithic micro-laser with multiple-beam output for engine ignition・N. Pavel, M. Tsunekane and T. Taira, "Composite, all-ceramics, high-peak power Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG monolithic micro-laser with multiple-beam output for engine ignition," Opt. Express, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 9378-9384 (2011)

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・T. Taira, "Domain-controlled laser ceramics toward giant micro-photonics [Invited]," Opt. Mater. Express, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 1040-1050 (2011). DOI: 10.1364/OME.1.001040

:YAG monolithic micro-laser with multiple-beam output for engine ignition

:YAG monolithic micro-laser with multiple-beam output for engine ignition," Opt. Express, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 9378-9384 (2011)

T. Taira, "Domain-controlled laser ceramics toward giant micro-photonics [Invited]," Opt. Mater. Express, vol. 1,

:YAG monolithic micro-laser with multiple-beam output for engine ignition

:YAG monolithic micro-laser with multiple-beam output for engine ignition," Opt. Express, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 9378-9384 (2011)

T. Taira, "Domain-controlled laser ceramics toward giant micro-photonics [Invited]," Opt. Mater. Express, vol. 1, T. Taira, "Domain-controlled laser ceramics toward giant micro-photonics [Invited]," Opt. Mater. Express, vol. 1, T. Taira, "Domain-controlled laser ceramics toward giant micro-photonics [Invited]," Opt. Mater. Express, vol. 1,

CLEO Press ReleaseApril 20 - May 18

Web Total: > 360

http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/cc7aa4ef#/cc7aa4ef/50

! LIC3-1 World First Laser Ignited Gasoline Engine Vehicle

T. Taira,1) S. Morishima,2) K. Kanehara, 2) N. Taguchi,3) A. Sugiura 3), and M. Tsunekane 1) ; 1) Institute for Molecular Science, 2) Nippon Soken,Inc., 3) DENSO CORPORATION

Abstract: The world first micro-laser ignited self-consisted gasoline engine vehicle has been operated by “Giant Micro-Photonics”. Advantages of lean-mixture combustion should also show benefits in realization of an efficient and clean electric power cogeneration system.

-Engine room-

Cooling tube

Optical fiber

Laser Ignition Plug

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International Energy Agency (IEA), “World Energy Outlook 2013,” ISBN 978-92-64-20130-9.

・ Gasoline Engine for Car　（Lean burn, Highly efficiency）・ Cogeneration

Gas Engine　（Long lifetime, Fast Ignition ）

Innovation of Ignition

Contribution for HCCINew Application

Microchip Laser

Pump DiodeFiber

Automobile

Ship Aircraft

Gas CogenerationBenefits of Laser Ignition! Multi Points Ignition! Multi Pulses Ignition! High Energy Ignition! Flexible Position Ignition

OSA News Releasehttp://www.osa.org/about_osa/newsroom/news_releases/releases/04.2011/lasersparksrevolution.aspx

BBC Newshttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13160950

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Space, RocketSpace,

Highly Fuel Efficiency

CO2 10-30%NOx Reduction・high pressure・lean mixture

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13160950http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13160950

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! Are there any interesting phenomenas?! Are there any giant-pulse lasers to bridge?

fs ps ns µsTime

Mode Lock Ti:S Laser

MicrochipMicrochipQ-sw. Laser

NormalQ-sw. Laser

OPCPA+ HHG

“Pulse-Gap”

OPCPAMid-IR based HHG

• Material process

• Photo ionization• Wavelength conversion

• Plasma interaction

!! !t " 0.441

Fourier Limit

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Conversion efficiency SHG

efficiency:

85%

FHG

efficiency:

51%

FHG

efficiency:

60%

118 nm

VUV

generation

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EB for taget selection

EB for cutting

UV l

FIB

FIB for spattering

��

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Ionization by UV microchip lasers

IC card imaging Illegal drags imaging

THz wave imaging -No exposure, safety -Transparency (paper, plastics, etc.) -Sub millimeter resolution -Finger print spectrum

-Security, biomedical application!Kawase G. web page; http://www.riken.jp/lab-www/THz/jp/index.html

Problem: pump source!

Imaging System by using THz Parametric Oscillator

IC card imagingIC card imaging

THz wave imaging THz wave imaging -No exposure, safety -Transparency (paper, plastics, etc.) -Sub millimeter resolution -Finger print spectrum

! Flash lamp pumped SSL! Pulse duration: 15 ns! Output power: 45 mJ/pulse (3MW)! Size: 1470 x 390 x 170 mm3

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Security, biomedical application!http://www.riken.jp/lab-www/THz/jp/index.html

IC card imaging

Security, biomedical application!Kawase G. web page; http://www.riken.jp/lab-www/THz/jp/index.html

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Pumping energy： 0.6 mJ/pulseSeeding power: 80 mW

Max. output ~ 10 W (peak)


Max. output : up to 50 kW

Pumping energy： 12 mJ/pulseSeeding power: 80 mW

Pumping energy： 12 mJ/pulseSeeding power: 500 mW

Opt. Express, 20 (3), 2811 (2012), INVITED

J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves, 35 (1), 25 (2014)


Max. output ~ 120 W (peak)Opt. Express, 20 (3), 2811 (2012),



Opt. Express, 20 (3), 2811 (2012),

Ref. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS | 4 : 5045 | DOI: 10.1038/srep05045URL: www.nature.com/scientificreports

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��By down sizing, THz power up to 100kW from 200mW！

!��!��

! ��!��

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103271062410930

N2

F25/2

fb

915

nm94

196

8

1048

1029

1024

785612565

0 cmN1

F27/2

-1

965

969

986

994

999

1016

fa

! no ESA/ETU! low quantum defect! no concentration Yb3+-doping! broad absorption/emission spectrum! long upper state lifetime! large reabsorption loss! small cross-section (fatal issue)

Ref. T. Taira et al., Appl. Opt., 36(9), 1867 (1997), 55th Autumn Meeting for Jpn. Society of Appl. Phys., 21a-E-7, p.893 (1994.9)

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2

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! no ESA/ETU! low quantum defect! no concentration Yb! broad absorption/emission spectrum! long upper state lifetime

1,000,000 times improvement !LLNL <https://str.llnl.gov/AprMay09/moses.html>

! Lasers for 2.2MJ 3ω generation

Ref. OMEx, 1(7) 1341 (2011).

��Cryogenic cooled Yb:YAG ceramics vs. RT Yb:S-FAP single crystal？

! Nd:glasses：1 or few shot/day ! Power generator：10Hz

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! Yb:YAG ceramics : scalable, but cryogenic cool! Yb:FAP single crystal : room temp., but small size

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!! Lasers for 2.2MJ 3ω generation

Cryogenic cooled Yb:YAG ceramics vs. RT Yb:S-FAP single crystal

LLNL < < <https://str.llnl.gov/AprMay09/moses.htmlhttps://str.llnl.gov/AprMay09/moses.htmlhttps://str.llnl.gov/AprMay09/moses.htmlhttps://str.llnl.gov/AprMay09/moses.html>

! Nd:glasses：1 or few shot/day ! Power generator：10Hz

��

TransparentCeramics

Large DiameterYb:S-FAP

Future Materials

14.0 cm

! Advantages of ceramics# Faster production times# Solid solution allowing the fabrication of

multi-phase-transition materials# Highly homogeneous materials# Flexibility of doping elements and levels # Ability to engineered profiles and

structures before sinteringScattering sources in ceramics

Birefringence

•Isotropic cubic material•Sintering aid

Solution

http://www.pref.aichi.jp/touji/index.htmlB.C. 3000, Japan

Unsuitable for laser due to scattering

Ref Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 36, 397 (2006)

Photo: 1998 in Taira G.

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! 4f electron: not full! Outer (5s25p6) : full

+-eelectron

Spin

Orbit

! Electron $ Magnetic moment! Spin– orbit interaction! Crystal field (micro-domain)! Magnetic anisotropy of micro-domain! Magnetic momentum of micro-domain Bohr model

Emission and absorption

H

Current

Magnetic field

RE3+ assisted magnetic orientation method based on its Giant magnetic anisotropy enhancement effect for anisotropic laser ceramics

4f-electrons is shielded by (5s5p)-electron under < 1/10 nm

!

Forgotten other property

RE3+ properties as laser

��

Enhancement of magnetic anisotropy by rare-earth dopingRE3+ Assisted Magnetic Orientation Method

Shape of electron density distribution

● Evaluation of magnetic anisotropy

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First Laser in Anisotropic Ceramics - 2011

Yb:(S-)FAP*2

High energyNd:YVO4

Highly efficiencyRef Opt. Lett., 16, 1955 (1991)

Appl. Opt. Lett., 82(6), 844 (2003)Opt. Express, 14(22), 10528 (2006)

Power scalable, high gain and multi-function laser

Nd:YAGTypical solid-state laser*1

%Yb:YAG

��Ref IEEE JSTQE., 3, 100 (1997)

Collected in SPIE Milestone Series 173 (2002)Appl. Opt., 36(9), 1867 (1997)

Nd:YAG CeramicsYb:YAG Ceramics

High power, Multi functionRef IEEE JSTQE., 13, 798 (2007)

Invited Paper

Single Crystal Ceramics

Scale merit

Gain m

erit

Anis

otro

pic

Isot

ropi

c

*1 DPSSL : R.L. Byer, Science 239, 742 (1988). *2 Research at LLNL in Mercury Project.

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Anisotropic Laser CeramicsNew frontier of laserex. Yb:FAP Ceramics

fusion driver, particle acceleration,high energy physics, vacuum collapse

J.Ref

Opt. Lett, 35(21), 3598 (2010)Appl. Phys. Express, 4 (2011) 022703

Opt. Mater. Express, 1(5) 1040 (2010) INVITED

Giant Power Laser

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Anisotropic Laser CeramicsNew frontier of laserex. Yb:FAP Ceramics


J.Ref

Opt. Lett, 35(21), 3598 (2010)Appl. Phys. Express, 4 (2011) 022703

Opt. Mater. Express, 1(5) 1040 (2010) INVITED

Giant Power Laser

ex. Yb:FAP Ceramicsfusion driver, particle acceleration,

high energy physics, vacuum collapseJ.

Ref Opt. Lett, 35(21), 3598 (2010)

Appl. Phys. Express, 4 (2011) 022703Opt. Mater. Express, 1(5) 1040 (2010)

http://image.search.yahoo.co.jp/search?rkf=2&ei=UTF-8&p=エメリウム光線


Ref Opt. Lett, 35(21), 3598 (2010)

Appl. Phys. Express, 4 (2011) 022703Opt. Mater. Express, 1(5) 1040 (2010) INVITED

http://image.search.yahoo.co.jp/search?rkf=2&ei=UTF-8&p=ウルトラマン+スペシウム光線

Giant Micro-photonics

CW400W Microchip Laser(Density=0.19MW/cm3)

PPMgLN/IR-OPCPA/HHG: ~5nm PPMgLN/OPO-ZGP/DFG: "= 2~11µm 50kW THz Generation: "= 100 ~300µm

"=266nm，Pp=4.3MW，$=150ps, Ep=650µJ，frep=100 Hz, Air cool

TB > 2x1020 KOrientation Control

(Micro-Domain Control)! 118nm VUV generation

Ref. Opt. Lett., 37(23), 4973 (2012). Ref. Opt. Lett., 33(15) 1699 (2008). Ref. Scientific Reports, 4:5045 (2014).

Highly Brightness Microchip Lasers by Micro-Domain Controlling (Ceramics etc.)

Highly Performance Nonlinear Optics by Micro-Domain Controlling (QPM etc.)

Ref. IEEE JSTQE., 13(3), 798 (2007).

Ref. Opt. Exp., 21 (23) 28849 (2013).

Ref. Opt. Mater. Express, 1(5), 1040 (2011). Ref. Opt. Eng., 52(7), 076102 (2013).

Sub-micron periodic structure

(Orientation controlled laser ceramics and NLO devices)

Undope material

RE3+doped

Absorber

New optical function for highly performance

New high-brightness micro-laser

(Orientation controlled nonlinear optics)

Signal High peak power pulse train

Optical switch

Micro-laser

��toward innovation of energy conversion

P(t) = !0"(1)E(t)+!0"

(2)E2 (t)+!0"(3)E 3(t)+ ...

PNL (t)：Nonlinear term

! (1) = "!e # j ""!e

Emission/Absorption

Nonlinear wavelength conv.SHG/OPG/DFG...

Opt. Mater. Express, 1(5) 1040 (2011) INVITEDOpt. Mater. Express, 1(7) 1376 (2011) INVITED! Interaction of Photon with Matter：Polarity

! Micro domain control : Gibbs free energy

Grain Stress Electric Field

Magnetic Field

dG = !SdT + µidNii" ! Vi!GBd 1

ri

#

$%&

'(

i" +V eijd" ij !P )dE!M )dB

i, j" Micro-domain control for

Giant-Effects in Photonics

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Eniac.jpg?uselang=ja

From vacuum tube to LSI(Solid-State Integrated Circuit)

Power Lasers to the Home

Solid-State Laser " Giant pulses by Q-switching" Ultra short pulses by Mode-locking

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Eniac.jpg?uselang=ja

Giant Micro-photonicsGiant Micro-photonics- Ubiquitous High Power Lasers -

photo photo acousticIgnition

peening

3D-printerForming

drilling/drilling/drilling/cutting

THz TattooTattoo-TattooTattooremoving

downsizing

cuttingcost-cut

mobile/umobile/ubiquitous maintenance free

stablereliableefficient

Process control Seamless IoT

Space/SeaMedicalSSocial infrastructureMManufacturing floor

Power lasers to the home

Giant Micro-photonicsGiant Micro-photonics- Ubiquitous High Power Lasers -

JSPS, JST, MEXT, NEDO, ImPACT

��

StaffHideki ISHIZUKI (Assistant Professor)

+81-564-55-7246 [email protected]

ResearcherYoichi SATO (Genesis Research Inst.)

+81-564-55-7342 [email protected]

Arvydas KAUSAS (C-PhoST) +81-564-55-7246, [email protected]

Lihe ZHENG (JST Sentan-Keisoku) +81-564-55-7246, [email protected]

Vincent YAHIA (ImPACT) +81-564-55-7246, [email protected]

Hwan Hong LIM (NEDO)+81-564-557246 [email protected]

Past Research AssociateSunao KURIMURA (NIMS) (1999.3.1~2001.8.31)

Ichiro SHOJI (Chuo Univ., ) (2002.4.1~2004.3.31)

Past ResearcherTraian DASCALU (Romania)Nicolaie PAVEL (Romania) Jiro SAIKAWA (Shimazu Co.) Yu OISHI (KEK) Tomonori MATSUSHITA (Tokyo Univ.) Jun AKIYAMA (AGC)Rakesh BHANDARI (Shimazu Co.)Mikayel Arzakantsyan (France)Masaki TSUNEKANE (Kanare Elec.Co.)

Member and Collaborator

Invited ProfessorVoicu LUPEI (Romania)Gerard AKA (ENSCP, France)Benoît BOLANGER (l'Institut Néel, France)

http://www.naoj.org/Pressrelease/2009/01/22/fig01_l.jpgSpiral Galaxy M33 (Messier 33)

Giant Micro Photonicshttp://image.search.yahoo.co.jp/search?rkf=2&ei=UTF-8&p=エメリウム光線

Thank you for your attention

promise of giant micro-photonics for...

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