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The conditionals in the English language

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Page 1: Projekt Anglisht

The conditionals in the English language

Page 2: Projekt Anglisht

The zero conditional (always true) If X happens, Y happens.

• If you go , I come with you.

• When I was a child, if you didn’t have money for something, you couldn’t buy it.

• If you press the switch, the light comes on.

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•OTHER EXAMPLES:

•IF YOU HEAT WATER, IT BOILS.

• IF YOU BOIL WATER, IT TURNS INTO STREAM.

• IF YOU COOL THE STEAM , IT TURNS BACK TO THE PRIMARY MODE.

• IF YOU HEAT A PIECE OF METAL, IT EXPANDS.

• IF YOU FREEZE A PIECE OF METAL, IT CONTRACTS.

• IF YOU FREEZE WATER, IT EXPANDS.

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IF

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EXAMPLES:

• IF EVERYONE RECYCLES PAPER, COMPANIES WON’T CUT DOWN SO TREES.

• IF EVERYONE RECYCLES METAL AND GLASS, WE WON’T WASTE VALUABLE RESOURCES.

• IF EVERYONE RECYCLES PAPER ,METAL AND GLASS , WE WON’T PRODUCE SO MUCH RUBBISH.

• IF EVERYONE TURNS OFF UNWANTED LIGHTS, WE WILL SAVE A LOT OF ELECTRICITY.

• IF EVERYONE WALKS OR CYCLES, WE WON’T WASTE SO MUCH OIL AND PETROL.

• IF COUNTRIES USE POWER STATIONS LESS , IT WILL CAUSE LESS AIR POLLUTION.

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UNLESS , IN CASE, PROVIDED, AS LONG AS.

UNLESS AND IN CASE + PRESENT SIMPLE• UNLESS MEANS :”IF NOT”. WE USE

IT WHEN WE SAY THAT IF SOMETHING DOES NOT HAPPEN, SOMETHING ELSE WILL HAPPENT.

• EX. UNLESS WE DEAL WITH THE GLOBAL WARMING PROBLEM, AVERANGE TEMPERATURES WILL RISE.

• “IN CASE” DESCRIBES A POSSIBLE SITUATION WE WANT TO BE PERPARED FOR.

• EX. TAKE AN UMBRELLA IN CASE IT RAINS.

• TAKE A PAIR OF RUNNING SHOES IN CASE YOU NEED THEM.

PROVIDED, AS LONG AS + PRESENT SIMPLE

• PROVIDED AND AS LONG AS MEAN ONLY IF.

• EX. PROVIDED WE REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION, WE CAN SLOW DOWN GLOBAL WARMING. OR

• EX. AS LONG AS WE REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION, WE CAN SLOW DOWN GLOBAL WARMING.

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• Examples:

• What would happen if the Earth stopped turning?

• If the Earth didn’t have a Moon, there wouldn’t be any tides.

• If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.

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Examples

• If you were a horse, you would see everything in black and white.

• If you looked inside your own eye at the images there, they would be upside down, and they would be moving.

• The world’s oceans contain huge amounts of salt. In fact , if you removed all the salt from the oceans , you would be able to use it to build a wall about 300 km wide and a km tall all around the Earth.

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• If I’d seen you, I would have said hello.

• If Alexander the Great had marched west instead of east, he would have conquered the whole of Europe.

• If more Vikings had gone to North America, the Viking settlements would have succeed.

• If Columbus had sailed east in 1492, he would have reached China or Japan.

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OTHER EXAMPLES

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EXAMPLES

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WISHES

• About the present:• When we use “wish” to make a

wish about the present present, we use the unreal past simple, as in an unreal conditional sentence.

• I wish I knew more about European history.

• Wishes about the past.• When we use “wish” to make a

wish about the past, we use the past perfect, as in an impossible past conditional sentence.

• I wish I had been present at the battle of Waterloo.

• Wishes with would• We also use “wish” with would

when we want someone to do something or not to do something. This is often because we think it is a bad habit.

• I wish you wouldn’t keep staring at me!

• I wish Pete would phone.• If only • We can use “if only” to make a

stronger kind of wish about the present or the past.

• If only I knew more about European history!

• If only I had studied harder!

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• If X had happened, Y would be different.• We often think about past events, and their effects on the

present.• If Chris hadn’t gone to the hospital, he wouldn’t be alive

today.• If I hadn’t brought a map we would be lost!• If we hadn’t gone to the

theatre last night he would be alive today.

• If I hadn’t invated Russia, perhaps I still would be Emperor.

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The summary of all conditionals

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Thank you!