projects, teamwork and ethics projects: work breakdown structure scope of work budget schedule...
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Projects, teamwork and ethics
Projects: Work breakdown structure Scope of work Budget Schedule
Teamwork Elements of a team Stages of development Teamwork Team rules
Ethics Professional responsibility State laws ASME Code of Ethics
How do we solve a design problem?
Design problem –FUNCTION(customer & company requirements)
Solution - FORM(manufacturing specifications)
Activities
(decision making processes)
Make a project plan
then execute the plan
Why should we plan a project?
WHAT ? ……...scope of work tasksWHEN ? ……...scheduleHOW MUCH?..budgetWHO?………...organization chart,
responsibilities table
Without a roadmap…..
how will you know where you are headed?
To plan a project we make decisions which answer the following questions
To plan a project we make decisions which answer the following questions
What is a project
Project – Unique sequence of activities (work tasks) undertaken ONCE to achieve a specific set of objectives.
costcostworkscope
workscope
performanceperformance
timetime
Changing the length of any leg of the project triangle affects the other legs!
Changing the length of any leg of the project triangle affects the other legs!
s ite vis itQ F D /H o QE ng. C ha ra c te ris tic sC o ns tra intsS a is fa c tio n c urve sS e le c t s tra te gyD e ve lo p p la nD e s ign re vie w m e e ting
P ro b le m F o rm ula tio n
G e ne ra te a lte rna tive c o nc e p tsA na lyze a lte rna tive sE va lua te a lte rna tiveR e fineD e s ign re vie w m e e ting
C o nc e p t D e s ign
D e ve lo p a rc hite c tureG e ne ra te c o nfigura tio ns
D F AD F M
A na lyze
E va lua teR e fineD e s in re vie w m e e ting
C o nfigura tio n D e s ign
P a ra m e tric p ro b le m fo rm ula tio nG e ne ra te a lte rna tive s
F M E AF a ult tre e sF ishb o ne d ia gra m s
A na lyze a lte rna tive s
E va lua te a lte rna tive sO p tim iza tio nM ulti- a ttrib ute o p t.D e s ign re vie w m e e ting
P a ra m e tric D e s ign
D e ta il d ra w ingsA sse m b ly d ra w ingsIllus tra tio nsP ro je c t R e p o rtP ro to typ e te s t re p o rtsO ra l p re se nta tio nsD e s ign re vie w m e e ting
D e ta il D e s ign
W id ge tD e s ign
Quick, 1 page graphic
Work breakdown structure
1.0 Design Problem Formulation1.1 Visit Site,
Meet with customers, determine desired attributes and parameters1.2 Complete QFD/HOQ
Determine requirements, engineering characteristics1.3 Satisfaction Curves,
Determine the satisfaction curves for each engineering characteristic.1.4 Create EDS
List in-use purposes for the productList product performance requirements
1.5 Conduct BenchmarkingResearch existing products that are currently availableContact manufacturers and request brochuresAnalyze the competition for functionality and performance
Scope of work (partial) Narrative
description
Project Name Date
Task Smith Johnson Tully Hughs Person n Hours1.1 6 R 1 1 2 2 121.2 3 3 R 2 3 3 141.3 1 2 3 6 6 R 181.4 2 1 2 R 2 4 111.5 4 1 1 3 R 5 141.6 3 2 2 R 2 2 111.7 2 1 2 5 R 3 13
m-th task
Total hours 21 11 13 23 25 93
R - Resposible engineer, in-charge
Responsibilities table
Who does whatassist
responsible
Identification SheetProject name, Team member name, Telephone/email addresses
Design problem formulationEngineering Design Specifications, customer notes, QFD, HoQ, Prior art (library research, web) /benchmarks
Alternative generation, analyses & evaluationAnalysis Plan, computations, experimentsCitations for equations, data, spreadsheets, sketches, figures, Schematics, drawings, Evaluations References / Bibliography
Project EngineeringScope of work, Project schedule & updatesBudget, Earned Value Analyses, Risk AssessmentsTime sheet - Log of work/team mtg hoursPunch lists of things to be done
Vendor InformationTelephone numbers, addressesPhone conversations notesWeb site printoutsProduct/vendor literature
Project notebook
Mechanical Engineering
Sara Hughs
CivilEngineering
Dave Hart
Mfg. & IndustrialEngineering
Sue Grant
SalesMarketing
Bob Johnson
Project Manager
John Smith
Industrial Design
Stan Tully
ElectricalEngineering
Jim Parsons
Purchasing
Jack Driggs
Organization chart for a design project
Key players
Project Teams
Definition of a “team” Elements that describe a “team” How teams change during the project How to have effective team meetings Setting “Team Rules”
What defines a “team”
A team - is a group of people that:• have complementary skills and
knowledge• work together toward common goals• hold each other mutually
accountable.
Elements of a “team”
Communication – Listening, speaking, writing, drawing, etc
Seek first to understand before being understood Group Decision making
Handoff to management Voting majority versus minority, unanimous Consensus thorough discussion, some minor
compromises, command decision Collaboration – committed, cooperate, participate,
assistTeam is more important than individual desires
Self-management – (starts with a project plan, however)
Stages of Team Development
project initiationwild enthusiasmdisillusionment
chaossearch for the guilty
punishment of the innocentpromotion of the non-participants, and
definition of the project requirements (Lewis, 2002).Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing (Tuckman)
Team interaction is dynamic not static!
Effective team meetings
Agenda Effective execution
Start on time Practice effective listening skills
Facilitate the facilitator Come preparedDiscuss fact not fiction Take action Take minutesDraft next agenda
Turn-off cell phones
Team Rules
Commit to the goals of team Perform assigned tasks completely, accurately, on time. Respect the contributions of others Assist other team members when needed Ask for help before we get into trouble Follow guidelines for effective meetings Actively participate in team deliberations Focus on problems not people or personalities Constructively resolve conflicts or differences of opinion Comment clearly and constructively
Teamwork
Completes Individual tasks on timeCompletes Individual tasks thoroughly Assists other teammates Listens wellParticipates in team deliberations Keeps deliberations on track Respects individual differences (ethnicity,
gender etc.) Solves problems openly, authentically
What does it mean to be a good team player?
What is Professional Responsibility?
definition of responsibility1. The social force that binds you to
your obligations and the courses of action demanded by that force.
definition of profession1. The body of people in a learned occupation.2. An occupation requiring special education (especially in the liberal arts or sciences)
“obligated” …. to follow “courses of action.”
When should we be professionally responsible?
• Conflicts between individual worker and the company regarding the “public.” Whistle blowing!
1. manufacturing unsafe products2. illegal hazard waste dumping3. operating equipment dangerous to public
• Profits versus public safety
• Making decisions requiring evaluating ..... Whose values do we use? Company manager’s? Our own? Our profession’s?
Rules of Professional Responsibility
Four major sections in most state laws:
1. Responsibility to the Public
2. Competency for Assignments
3. Conflict of Interest
4. Improper Conduct
(State board of registration for PE’s and P. Land Surveyors)
What obligations do we (engineers) have?
State law!
ASME Code of Ethics – Fundamental Fundamental PrinciplesPrinciples
Engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor, and dignity of the Engineering profession by:
I. Using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare;
II. Being honest and impartial, and serving with fidelity the public, their employers and clients; and
III. Striving to increase the competence and prestige of the engineering profession.
ASME Code of EthicsFundamental Cannons 1-4
1. Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public in the performance of their professional duties.
2. Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence.
3. Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers and shall provide opportunities for the professional development of those engineers under their supervision.
4. Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees, and shall avoid conflicts of interest.
ASME Code of EthicsFundamental CannonsFundamental Cannons 5-8
5. Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services and shall not compete unfairly with others.
6. Engineers shall associate only with reputable persons or organizations.
7. Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.
8. Engineers shall consider environmental impact in the performance of their professional duties.
Guidelines for facilitating ethical problems
Step 1: Determine the facts in the situation - obtain all of the unbiased facts possible
Step 2: Define the Stakeholders - those with a vested interest in the outcome
Step 3: Assess the motivations of the Stakeholders - using effective communication techniques and personality assessment
Step 4: Formulate alternative solutions - based on most complete information available, using basic ethical core values as guide
Step 5: Evaluate proposed alternatives - short-list ethical solutions only; may be a potential choice between/among two or more totally ethical solutions
http://www.engr.washington.edu/~uw‑epp/Pepl/Ethics/ethics3.html
Guidelines for facilitating ethical problems
Step 6: Seek additional assistance, as appropriate - engineering codes of ethics, previous cases, peers, reliance on personal experience, prayer
Step 7: Select the best course of action - that which satisfies the highest core ethical values
Step 8: Implement the selected solution - take action as warranted
Step 9: Monitor and assess the outcome - note how to improve the next time
Summary
Design Project – decisions, teamwork, coordination
Project plan – scope of work, schedule, budget “Teamwork” requires: communication, group decision
making, collaboration, self–management Teams are dynamic… expect changes Hold “effective meetings” Set team rules… early in project Ethics
We are professionally responsibileObserve state lawsMemorize the ASME Code of Ethics