projected changes to coastal fisheries. based on
DESCRIPTION
Outline Main components of coastal fisheries Indirect effects of climate change Direct effects of climate change Projected changes to coastal fisheries production Priority management measuresTRANSCRIPT
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Projected changes to coastal fisheries
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Based on......
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Outline
• Main components of coastal fisheries• Indirect effects of climate change• Direct effects of climate change• Projected changes to coastal fisheries
production• Priority management measures
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Coastal fisheries – Vanuatu
540 tonnes/yr
Subsistence
Commercial
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What are coastal fisheries?• Demersal fish• Nearshore pelagics • Invertebrates
Species not considered • Deepwater snapper• Sharks
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Demersal fish
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Nearshore pelagic fish
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Invertebrates
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Coastal fisheries – Vanuatu
1,730 t/yr
755 t/yr
885 t/yr
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Indirect effects of climate change
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65% decline in abundance
and diversity of fishes
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Pro
porti
onal
cha
nge
Time after extensive coral loss (years)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
Macroalgae
Coral cover
Habitatcomplexity
Effects of habitat degradation
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Pro
porti
onal
cha
nge
Time after extensive coral loss (years)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
Coral reef fishes
Macroalgae
Coral cover
Habitatcomplexity
Effects of habitat degradation
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Coral associatedHighly vulnerable
Reef associatedVulnerable
GeneralistsNot vulnerable
Catch composition
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Fish composition – VanuatuPe
rcen
t
Catch
Species composition
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Importance of herbivorous fish
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Direct effects of climate change
Temperature
pH
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Temperature (oC)
Maximum growth28-30oC
Acanthochromis polyacanthus
Projected Projected increaseincrease
33ooC by 2100C by 2100
Effects of temperature
Zarco Perello and Pratchett 2012
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Maximum growth28-30oC
Effects of temperature
Fewer &smaller fishes
Declines in: growth lifespan reproduction
Projected Projected increaseincrease
33ooC by 2100C by 2100
Temperature (oC)
Zarco Perello and Pratchett 2012
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Effects of temperature
Nor
mal
spa
wni
ng te
mpe
ratu
re
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Effects of ocean acidificationAbalone
Byrne 2012
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Effects of ocean acidification
Munday et al 2012
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Projected coastal fisheries productionVanuatu
Fisheries % catch 2035 2050 2100 Main effects
Demersal fish 50 -2 to -5% -20% -20 to
-50%
Habitat loss and
degradation
Nearshore pelagic fish 31 0% -10% -15 to
-20%
Changes in distribution of
tuna
Invertebrates 19 0 to -5%
-5 to -10%
-10 to -20%
Ocean acidification
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Priority management measures1. Protect structural complexity and biological
diversity of coral reefs, mangroves and seagrass to sustain fisheries and maximise adaptation potential
2. Recognise ecological importance of herbivorous fish and ensure stocks are sufficient to maintain ecosystem functions
3. Maintain adequate spawning stocks of all species to help overcome the shocks of greater climate extremes
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Conclusions• Coastal fisheries are critically important for both
food security and livelihoods• Effects of climate change will add to existing
pressures (e.g. overfishing)• Improved catch data are needed for monitoring
effects of climate change on coastal fisheries: separate data for each main category of
coastal fisheries subsistence fisheries catches