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Page 1: Project2:( · The(Beaver(Skin(Hat((16 th19 (century(Europe(and(North(America( Beaver(skin(hats(were(highly(fashionable(menswear(because(the(fur(was(warm,(so\(and(resilient.(The

Project  2:    Dynamic  Interven.on  of  the  

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Do  the  following  historic  fashion  trends    seem  shocking  today?  

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Foot  Binding    8th  -­‐  early  20th  century  China    Foot  binding  was  a  symbol  of  beauty  in  Chinese  culture  and  a  display  of  status  for  woman  of  wealthy  families  that  did  not  need  to  work.      From  age  2-­‐7,  feet  were  soaked  in  a  bath  of  herbs  and  water  or  urine  and  vinegar.  All  toes  except  the  big  toe  were  folded  down,  and  the  arch  of  the  foot  was  bent  inward.  Bandages  were  progressively  Gghtened  unGl  the  feet  were  approximately  3  inches  long.  

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Lead  Powder  Makeup    700  BC  -­‐  1920s  Europe,  Middle  East,  China,  Japan,  Africa,  Australia,  North  &  South  America      Before  the  age  of  commercial  cosmeGc  brands,  men  and  women  used  lead-­‐based  powder  and  loGon  to  render  their  faces  porcelain  white.  White  skin  displayed  social  status,  because  women  and  men  of  wealth  did  not  work  outdoors.      Symptoms  of  Lead  Poisoning:  death,  brain  damage,  central  nervous  system  damage,  headaches,  loss  of  appeGte,  anemia,  a  constant  metallic  taste  in  the  mouth,  paralysis,  insomnia  and  a  limp  wrist.  

Queen  Elizabeth  I  of  England   Lead  Poisoning  VicGm  

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The  Corset    16th  -­‐  19th  century  Europe  and  North  America.  Made  from  fabric  and  wood,  horn,  ivory,  metal  or  whalebone.    1500  -­‐1600s,  fashion  dictated  rigidity  in  dress  and  European  women  wore  corsets  to  completely  flaZen  their  stomach  and  breasts.        1700  -­‐1900s,  fashion  evolved  into  the  hourglass  figure  and  corsets  were  redesigned  to  abnormally  narrow  the  waist  and  li\  the  breasts  so  they  would  swell  out  of  the  corset,  further  exaggeraGng  a  woman’s  curves.      Associate  medical  condiGons:  chronic    fainGng,  inferGlity,  miscarriage,    endometriosis,  digesGve  disorders,    varicose  veins  from  restricted  blood    flow,  deformaGon  of  bones  and    muscles,  and  internal  injuries,    impalement  and  death  from  accidents.      

Queen  Maud  of  Norway  

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The  Beaver  Skin  Hat    16th  -­‐  19th  century  Europe  and  North  America      Beaver  skin  hats  were  highly  fashionable  menswear  because  the  fur  was  warm,  so\  and  resilient.  The  beaver  coat  could  easily  be  combed  to  make  a  variety  of  hat  shapes  from  funcGonal  hats  to  top  hats.    Mercury  was  used  to  preserve  the  shine  of  the  beaver  coat  and  was  absorbed  into  the  skin  when  touching  or  wearing  the  hat.  

Symptoms  of  Mercury  Poisoning:  tremor,  psychiatric  disturbance,  hearing  loss,  seizures,  kidney  toxicity,  mercury  pigmentaGon,  paralysis,  neurological  changes  and  death.      

Mercury  Poisoning  VicGm  

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Clothing  is  one  of  the  4  basic  necessi.es  for  sustaining  human  life.    Water  -­‐  Food  -­‐  Clothing  -­‐  Shelter  

 Yet,  the  fashion  industry  has  exploited    

a  basic  human  necessity  in  ways  that  are  harming  both  mankind  and  the  industry  itself.  In  what  areas  must  we  ques.on  the  ethical  

responsibility  of  today’s  fashion  industry?  

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Body  Image    

In  1990  the  average  U.S./European  female  runway  model  wore  a  size  6-­‐8.  Today  the  average  size  required  of  a  female  model  is  0  or  00  and  male  models  are  subjected  to  the  same  scruGny.    In  the  past  15  years,  the  diagnosis  of  eaGng  disorders  in  the  U.S.  has  increased  by  15%  in  women  with  a  27%  increase  in  men.    Plus  size  clothing  makes  up  a  significantly  smaller  porGon  of  ready-­‐to-­‐wear  fashion  and  yet  the  average  American  woman  wears  a  size  16.  

   

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Marginalized  Communi.es    

The  fashion  industry  is  under  constant  scruGny  for  its  lack  of  diversity  both  on  the  run  way  in  magazines.  However,  marginalizaGon  in  the  fashion  industry  goes  beyond  equal  representaGon  of  ethnic  diversity.      As  of  2017  there  is  not  a  single  ready-­‐to-­‐wear  line  in  the  United  States  devoted  to  the  needs  of  the  physically  challenged,  psychologically  challenged  or  disabled,  and  yet  such  communiGes  make  up  over  19%  of  the  U.S.  populaGon  (56.7  million  people).  

   

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Animal  Treatment    

As  of  2017,  Austria,  CroaGa,  England,  Great  Britain,  Wales,  Scotland,  Switzerland  and  Northern  Ireland  are  the  only  countries  that  have  an  outright  ban  on  fur  farms.    The  largest  farms  are  concentrated  in  China  and  Poland.  China  alone  held  an  inventory  of    35  million  minks  in  2016,  and  currently  the  slaughter  of  animals  is  not  regulated  in  China.    PETA  (People  for  the  Ethical  Treatment  of  Animals)  and  Fur  Free  Alliance  revealed    the  shocking  condiGons  of  animals  in  Chinese  &  Polish  fur  farms  where  they  are  malnourished,  neglected,  forced  to  live  in  cramped,  dirty  cages  and  then  skinned  alive  or  killed  by  means  of  blunt  force  trauma  and  anal  electrocuGon.    

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Ecology    

90  %  of  the  clothing  we  wear  contains  toxic  dyes  (such  as  arsenic)  and  cleaning  agents  (such  a  ammonia)  used  in  the  texGle  manufacturing  process.  Color  based  dyes  also  include  heavy  metals  such  as  cadmium,  cobalt,  lead,  mercury  and  chromium.    In  2015,  Greenpeace  collected  water  samples  from  rivers  located  near  texGle  factories  in    Indonesia  where  a  large  porGon  of  the  clothing  for  ValenGno,  Levis,  Zara  and  Diesel  is    manufactured.  Greenpeace  found  that  texGle  waste  had  raised  the  water’s  PH  level  to  14.    A  PH  of  14  will  burn  human    skin  on  contact,  kill  all  aquaGc    life,  and  have  a  devastaGng    effect  on  the  local  fishing    industry  and  surrounding    environment.      These  chemicals  build  up  in    the  body  of  both  humans  and    wildlife.  Over  Gme  they  can    cause  irreversible  damage  to    the  liver,  kidneys,  thyroid  and    the  central  nervous  system.  

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Sustainability    

With  the  industry  standard  changing  from  slow  to  fast  fashion,  fashion  cycles  have  gone  from  4  seasons  to  as  many  as  15  seasons  yearly.  

According  to  the  Environmental  ProtecGon  Agency,  15.1  million  tons  of  post-­‐consumer  texGle  waste  was  generated  in  2013,  of  which  12.8  million  tons  were  discarded,  and  10.5  million  tons  ended  up  in  landfills.  SyntheGc  fibers  can  take  up  to  200  years  to  decompose  and  the  toxic  dye  in  clothing  leeches  into  the  ground  water.    

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Labor  Rights,  Safety  and  Human  Exploita.on    

On  April  24,  2013,  the  deadliest  garment-­‐factory  accident  in  history  occurred  when  Rana  Plaza,  an    8-­‐story  commercial  building,  collapsed  in  Bangladesh.  1,129  people  were  killed,  including  child  workers,  because  in  Bangladesh,  labor  law  establishes  a  minimum  age  of  12  for  light  work,  14  for  full-­‐Gme  employment  and  18  for  hazardous  work.  When  cracks  were  discovered  in  the  building’s  foundaGon,  the  sweatshop  owners  on  the  upper  floors  ignored  warnings  to  evacuate.  Instead  they  ordered  their  garment  workers  to  conGnue  working  or  be  fired.  The  factories  manufactured  apparel  for  brands  including:  BeneZon,  The  Children's  Place,  Joe  Fresh,  Mango,  H&M  and  Walmart.      In  2014,  the  U.S.  Department  of  Labor  found  that  90%  of  sweatshops  in  the  U.S.  violate  health  and  safety  standards,  directly  contribuGng  to  work-­‐related  injuries  and  death.       Rana  Plaza  Collapse   Illegal  sweatshop  in  Bangladesh  

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As  designers  we  have  the  knowledge  and  choice  to  make  a  conscious  shiR  in  the  industry’s  paradigm.    

 The  fashion  industry  is  incredibly  powerful  and  lucra.ve.    What  if  that  power  was  refocused  to  equally  address  

aesthe.c  desire  along  with  human  need  and    responsibility  toward  the  planet  in  which  we  live?    

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Body  Image  and  Marginalized  Communi.es    Pro  Infirmis,  a  Swiss  organizaGon  for  the  disabled,  created  a  series  of  mannequins  based  on  real  people  with  physical  disabiliGes.  Pro  Infirmis  collaborated  with  individuals  including,  a  Miss  Handicap  winner  with  spine  malformaGons  and  an  actor  with  BriZle  Bone  Disease.  The  project  enGtle  Because  Who  Is  Perfect?  was  placed  into  the  window  of  high-­‐end  retail  store  in  Zurich’s  main  shopping  district  to  generate  public  awareness  of  the  way  we  define  beauty  in  the  world  of  fashion.  

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Marginalized  Communi.es  +  Sustainability    Angela  Luna  graduated  from  Parsons  in  2016  with  a  degree  in  Fashion  Design.  Her  senior  thesis,  Design  for  Difference  addresses  the  need  for  warmth,  protecGon  and  shelter  faced  by  fleeing  refugees.  The  collecGon,  which  contains  a  series  of  jackets  that  transform  into  tents,  sleeping  bags,  life  jackets  and  baby  carriers,  received  the  Womenswear  Designer  of  the  Year  award  and  the  Eyes  On  Talents  innovaGon  award.      Since  graduaGon,  Angela  has  started  her  own  humanitarian  brand,  ADIFF,  with  a  focus  on  innovaGve  design  and  widespread  donaGons.    

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Ecology  +  Sustainability  +  Animal  Rights  +  Labor  Rights    GUÐRUN  &  GUÐRUN  is  a  knitwear  label  started  in  2002  by  two  designers  living  in  the  Faroe  Islands.  The  label  only  produces  two  seasons  a  year.  Their  wool  is  naturally  dyed,  hand-­‐knit  and  spun  from  free-­‐range  sheep  that  are  hand-­‐sheered  and  unharmed.      When  producGon  demands  became  too  high,  Gudrun  x  Gudrun  began  their  Empowerment  Project,  training  at  risk  women  in  Jordan  and  Peru  to  hand-­‐knit  their  clothes  while  paying  them  an  equal  wage  so  they  could  live  independent  lives.    

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Body  Image  +  Sustainability    Yuima  Nakazato  is  Japanese  designer  who  combines  the  newest  in  technology  and  cra\smanship  in  his  creaGve  processes.  Without  using  a  single  thread  or  needle,  each  garment  is  constructed  of  thousands  of  individual  units.      Nakazato’s  vision  is  for  the  manufacturing  of  clothing  to  be  revoluGonized  so  that  each  garment  is  a  unique  creaGon  based  on  the  body  of  the  individual.  He  is  currently  working  on  a  collecGon  where  texGles  will  be  made  for  the  individual  by  funcGon,  aestheGcs,  touch  and  form.      

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Sustainability  +  Ecology    Thi  Wan  is  a  fashion  designer  at  Thom  Browne.  He  graduated  from  Parsons  in  2013  with  a  dual  degree  in  CommunicaGon  and  Fashion  Design.  His  senior  thesis  enGtled  Outlines  was  made  enGrely  of  biodegradable  material,  which  directly  addressed  the  issue  of  sustainability  within  the  fashion  industry  by  contribuGng  zero  impact  on  the  environment  from  the  act  of  discarding  clothing.    Wan  developed  the  material  himself  by  mixing  biodegradable  medical  gels  that  he  hand-­‐sculpted  and  cast  into  a  3D  membrane  that  acts  as  fabric.  The  fabric-­‐like  material  is  completely  organic  and  decomposes  over  Gme  back  to  natural  sand.  

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All  industries  are  subject  to  change    and  change  starts  with  us.  

 What  if  you,  as  Fashion  Design  students,    

created  something  that  made  a  difference  and  an  impact.      

What  would  it  look  like,  what  would  it  do,  who  would  it  help?    

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Body  Image  +  Marginaliza.on    Standardized  sizes  or  ideal  body  shapes  that  only  pertain  to  the  minority    Plus  size  equality  in  fashion    Photo  retouching  and  misleading  campaigns  contribuGng  the  image  of  an  unaZainable  body    Idealized  low  body  weight  contribuGng  to  an  increase  in  self  esteem  issues,  anorexia,  bulimia,  body  dysmorphic  disorder      MarginalizaGon  of  ethnic  diversity  in  fashion  runway  and  adverGsing    MarginalizaGon  of  body  type  in  fashion  design,  runway  and  adverGsing    Design  and  representaGon  for  the  handicap,  mentally,  emoGonally  or  physically  challenged    Design  and  representaGon  for  the  disadvantaged  or  displaced    Respecnul  cultural  appropriaGon  

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Ecology    Using  natural  fibers  and  fruit  and  vegetable  dyes    The  effects  of  toxic  clothing  dyes  and  fabric  cleaning  agents  on  global  polluGon,  aquaGc  life,  the  food  we  consume  and/or  human  health    Illegal  dumping  of  texGle  factory  waste  into  natural  waterways        Environmental  destrucGon  caused  by  the  fur  and  tanning  industry    The  regulaGon  of  toxic  and  carcinogenic  agents  used  in  the  producGon  of  texGles    Why  manufacturers  choose  to  use  a  toxic  processing  of  texGles  instead  of  natural  processing      

   

Page 23: Project2:( · The(Beaver(Skin(Hat((16 th19 (century(Europe(and(North(America( Beaver(skin(hats(were(highly(fashionable(menswear(because(the(fur(was(warm,(so\(and(resilient.(The

Sustainability    Zero  waste  approach  to  paZern  design  and  producGon    Slow  Fashion  vs.  Fast  Fashion    Designing  versaGle  clothing  for  the  needs  of  2-­‐4  seasons    Biodegradable  Fashion    Using  exisGng  clothes  as  fabric  (second  generaGon  fabric)    The  shelf  life  and  decomposiGon  of  clothing  made  from  unnatural  fibers  and  dyes    The  mass  producGon  and  consumpGon  of  clothing  contribuGng  to  landfill  waste  and  global  warming    

   

Page 24: Project2:( · The(Beaver(Skin(Hat((16 th19 (century(Europe(and(North(America( Beaver(skin(hats(were(highly(fashionable(menswear(because(the(fur(was(warm,(so\(and(resilient.(The

Animal  Rights    Replacing  the  desire  for  fur  with  warm,  luxuriously  textured  materials  that  are  sustainable  and  harmless    Development  of  alternaGve  material  opGons  for  wool,  fur  and  leather    Environmental  impact  of  real  fur  vs.  faux  fur    ProducGon  costs  of  real  fur  vs.  faux  fur    Inhumane  condiGons  inside  factory  farms  producing  leather  and  fur    Unethical  slaughtering  pracGces  of  animals  in  factory  farms      Animal  welfare  laws    

Page 25: Project2:( · The(Beaver(Skin(Hat((16 th19 (century(Europe(and(North(America( Beaver(skin(hats(were(highly(fashionable(menswear(because(the(fur(was(warm,(so\(and(resilient.(The

Labor  Rights    Abuse  and  exploitaGon  of  child  labor,  forced  labor  and  human  trafficking  in  garment  factories    Underpaid,  unsafe  or  inhumane  condiGons  for  workers  in  garment  factories      Unregulated  worker’s  rights  and  a  need  for  stronger  unions  for  garment  workers    Companies  turning  a  blind  eye  to  working  condiGons  in  order  to  acquire  cheap  labor  rates  for  the  manufacturing  of  their  products    The  demands  of  fast  fashion  forcing  designers  to  overproduce  and  manufacture  their  garments  overseas  in  sweatshops    Sweatshop  vs.  Factory  vs.  Fair  Trade  manufacturing