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PROJECT WO RK PLAN

DEMONSTRATION OF SOILCOMPOSTING FOR REMEDIATION OFHYDROCARBON-CONTAMINATED SOILEIELSON AIR FORCE BASE, ALASKA

DRAFT FINAL

February 1993

United States Air ForceEnvironmental Restoration Program

EAFB Soil Composting Work Plan TBEOCNETS1/29/93, Draft Rev. #10

1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION......................................1I1.1I Introduction.......................................... 11.2 Site Background........................................ 11.3 Characterization Information............................... 21.4 Assumptions.......................................... 3

2.0 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION................................... 4

3.0 PROJECT OBJECTIVES..................................... 63.1 Field Demonstration Objectives for Soil Composting ................ 63.2 Remediation Objectives .................................. 63.3 Design Objectives..................................... 7

4.0 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN ..................................... 74.1 Design and Layout.....................................74.2 Operation........................................... 10

5.0 CONSTRUCTION PLAN AND SCHEDULE......................... 125.1 Construction of the Remediation Site (RS)...................... 12

6.0 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES............................... 306.1 Overall Process Operation ................................ 306.2 Blower Operation...................... ............... 316.3 Pump Operation...................................... 356.4 Sump Area......................................... 366.5 Storage Tanks.......................................366.6 Leachate Redistribution ................................. 376.7 Mixing the Soil......................................3576.8 Piling Soil on Compost Piles and Stockpiling....................376.9 Soil Sampling ....................................... 386.10 Decontamination..................................... 386.11 Contingencies ....................................... 38

7.0 TEST PLAN and SCHEDULE.................................407.1 Sample Designation................................... 427.2 Parameters and Measuring/Sampling Schedule ................... 437.3 Sampling/Measurement Equipment and Procedures ................ 457.4 Analytical Plan (Schedule, Equipment, and Procedures) ............. 527.5 QA/QC Plan........................................ 537.6 Data Analysis ....................................... 53

is ~~7.7 Reporting.......................................... 54

BAFB Soil Compoiatig Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 110

8.0 HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN (HSP) - SIESEEI ....... 54BA1 Project Summary ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548.2 Applicable Regulations................................. 548.3 Corporate Health and Safety Policies.........................558.4 Credible Risks and Mitigation ............................. 558.5 Engineering Controls and Support Systems..................... 568.6 Protection Level...................................... 568.7 Tools and Equipment.................................. 568.8 Personnel Monitoring and Sampling Protocols ................... 568.9 Site Controls........................................ 568.10 Health and Safety Personnel.............................. 57

* 8.11 Health and Safety Training...............................578.12 Subcontractor and Associate Contractor Controls.................. 57

* 8.13 Incident Reporting.................................... 578.14 Site Diagram and Locations of Equipment...................... 578.15 Emergency Contacts (Telephone Numbers)..................... 59

9.0 WASTE MANAGEMENT.................................... 599.1 Potential Waste Materials................................599.2 Responsibilities...................................... 619.3 Waste Containers.....................................619.4 Disposal Activities .................................... 61

10.0 DATA MANAGEMENT and REPORTING.......................... 6210.1 Units............................................. 6210.2 Lab Books.........................................6210.3 Equipment Manuals................................... 6210.4 Reports............................................. 62

11.0 REGULATORY COMPLIANCE ............................... 63

12.0 PROJEC~T1TMELINE......................................63

13.0 REFERENCES........................................... 64

APPENDIX A. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN (QAPP) ............ A-i

EAFB Soil Composting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 110

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Weather conditions at Eielson AFE.............................. 2

Table 2. Experimental treatments for composting piles....................... 41

Table 3. Codes for sample labeling................................... 42

Table 4. Analyses to be performed and frequency.......................... 43

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Overview of Quartermaster station layout......................... 3

Figure 2. Dimensions of a compost pile................................. 8

Figure 3. Conceptual design of a composting system......................... 9

Figure 4. Layout of the soil composting demonstration site....................11

Figure 5. Compost plot pit specifications............................... 14

Figure 6. Sump area basin specifications............................... 15. ~~~Figure 7. Berm dimensions........................................ 16

Figure 8. Sump area elevation...................................... 16

Figure 9. Air piping and pea gravel in-a-compost pile- ;~--v;;.......-.---- 17

Figure 10. Air piping and detail of blower/GAC system .................... 18

Figure I1. Leachate collection schematic...............................19

Figure 12. Electrical diagram......................................20

Figure 13. Thermocouple locations................................... 23

Figure 14. Passive aeration design schematic............................. 25

Figure 15. Air piping schematic..................................... 27

Figure 16A. PERT chart for phase 1 of construction........................ 28

Figure 16B. PERT chart for phase 2 of construction........................ 29

Figure 17. Blower cycle example calculation............................. 35

Figure 18. Soil sampling locations................................... 46

Figure 19. Leachate sampling port and detail............................. 47

Figure 20. VOC sampling ports and detail..............................48. ~~~Figure 21. Oxygen sampling ports and detail ............................. 49

Figure 22. Location of first aid and other safety items....................... 58

BAFB SoUl Compoeting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 510

ABBREVIATIONS

ADEC Alaska Department of Environmental ConservationAFB Air Force BaseASTM American Society for Testing MethodsBTEX Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, XylenesC CarbonCFR Code of the Federal RegisterEAFB Efelson Air Force BaseEMO Environmental Management OrganizationEPA Environmental Protection Agency (United States)GAC Granular Activated CarbonHDPE High Density PolyethyleneHSP Health and Safety PlanLRB Laboratory Record BookMOGAS Motor GasolineMIPa Mega Pascal = 10' PascalN NitrogenN/A Not Applicable02 OxygenOSHA Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationpiD Phatoionization DetectorPNL Pacific Northwes LaboratoriesPPE Personal Protection EquipmentPVC Polyvinyl ChlorideQAPP Quality Assurance Project PlanQA/QC Quality Assurance/Quality ControlRCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery ActRS Remedial Site (specifically the site of the soil composting demonstration)SMPIHSP Site Management Plan for EAFB, Appendix C: Health and Safety Plan (1992)T'BD To be determinedTCL2 Toxic Characteristic Leaching ProcedureTKN Total KJeldahl NitrogenTPHD Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons, DieselTPHG Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons, GasolineUS? Underground Storage TankVOC Volatile Organic CompoundsVSS Volatile Suspended Solidspi, bulk density

* ~~~EAfB Soil Composting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 110

1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTON

This document is the Work Plan for the project entited 'Demonstration of Soil Composting forRemediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil.' This project will be conducted at Eielson AirFarce Base (EAFB) in Fairbanks, Alaska, where Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) willdemonstrate composting technology as one part of site wide environmental restoration activities.

The overall goals of this project are to provide a full-scale demonstration of composting as ameans to remediate hydrocarbon-contaminated soil at EAFB, and to generate a compost systemdesign that is useful for treating contamination at the 5158 SERS site (Site 58, the oldQuartermaster gas station) as well as for other soil remediation applications. The full-scalecomposting system will be designed and constructed based on data and information from thepilot-scale composting project completed by CH2M Hill (CH2M Hill, February 3, 1992] forEAFB, and from data- obtained in the characterization of Site 58. The composting system willbe designed and constructed for demonstration in the summer of 1993. The objectives of thefield demonstration are to confirm the system design, determine the effectiveness of composting,

i ~~~establish operating procedures, monitor leachate production, and monitor off-gas concentrationsof volatile organics. Additionally, the effect of adding digested municipal sludge to the compost. ~~~system and the relative efficiency of passive and forced aeration systems will be determined inthe field demonstration.

The soil composting test will be used to demonstrate that this technology is a viable remediationalternative to landfarming. Sufficient data will betcollected to-estabish operatint procedures and -

determine the effectiveness of the treatment. A maximum of 500 cubic yards of soil will betreated. The design will be useful for applications where the contaminant concentrations arehigher than is acceptable for landfarming, will provide a means to control leachate and airemissions, and may be used to extend bioremediation into the cold-weather season.

12 SiteBackground

General information regarding the EAFB site can be obtained from the Sit e Plan fCH2M Hil,June 17, 1991]. The Site Plan includes information on the regional and local geology,hydrology, and climate and on the multitude of contaminated sites on the base. Based onInformation from the Site Plan and from U.S. weather stations (notably the EAFB weatherstation), the weather conditions described in Table 1 are typical for the months indicated.

* BA~~EAF Soil Compesting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. DIG

TABLE 1. WEATHER CONDITIONS NEAR EJELSON AiR FORCE BASE.

Month I Ave. I Ave. Soil r High and Low Avenage Ambient_______ Predipitation t Evaporation jTemperature j Temperature

M ay 0.75 in. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

June 1.64 in. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

July 2.41 in. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

August 2.24 in. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

September 1.47 in. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

October 0.98 in. _ _ _ _

t From 1951-1980 normals at Eielson Field (Lst 64 40N, Loan 147 06 W, elev. 547 ft.)

This project will focus on demonstrating a remediation technology for soil from site 5T58 SERS(formerly the quartermaster gas station) (CH2M Hill, February 14, 1992]. Site ST58 is locatedat the intersection of Division and Wabash Avenues on EAFB. During the period of operationO ~~of the Quartermaster gas station (1970 to 1988), there were four 25,000 gallon, above-groundfuel storage tanks and five pumps at this station (Figure 1). The fuel tanks contained eitherdiesel or motor gasoline (MOGAS). Both leaded and unleaded MOGAS was used. -The fuel -

tanks, pumps, above-ground piping, and-related buildings were removed in August 1988 and thesite was backfilled with approximately three feet of soil. There were no known spills on siteST58. It is not known if there were leaks in the vicinity of the fuel tanks and/or along theburied fuel lines on site ST58, but it is believed tha the soil beneath the tanks, the pumpstations, and surrounding the pipelines is contaminated. Actual contaminant concentrations areunknown at this time, however, a site characterization study will begin two weeks to one monthbefore this project begins. The site characterization will involve excavation of soil and analysisof contaminant constituents and their concentrations.

ia Characterization- Information

Soil characteristics (e.g. porosity, field capacity, pH, etc.) will be determined during the siteST58 investigation (PNa 1992). The soil is believed to be a sandy gravel, and soil parametersfrom other EAFB investigations were used to estimate soil characteristics at site ST58 for thecompost system design. Design details will be updated as necessary using data from the siteST58 investigation.

2

* ~~~BAFB Soil Composting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 110

Contaminant constituents and concentrations are to be determained at the time of the firstsampling of the compost piles. Possible contaminants include motor gasoline, diesel fuel, and(potentially) lead.

IA AssmUions

The following assumptions have been made in order to write this Work Plan. Assumptions refer

to responsibilities, scope, design paramneters, and other pertinent factors.

* The primary contractor will be responsible for construction and operations and will becontracted by EAFB.

* Access around utilities or other restrictions will be coordinated with EAF'B by meansof a Base Civil Engineering Work Clearance Request.

- Traffic/pedestrian controls will be coordinated with EAFB.

N

Valt ~ ~ ~ Pmps 8 &

Figure 1. Overview schematic of the Quartermaster gas station layout.

3

NAPE Soil Composting Work Plan 1d2919, Draft Rev. #102e * ~~~General work will be performed in level D personal protective clothing. Sampling maybe performed in level C personal protective equipment depending on contaminantconcentrations identified during initial characterization of the contaminated soil.

* Earthmoving equipment (backhoe, trackhoe, dump truck) will be dicontarninated beforeand after working with contaminated soil with a high-pressure water wash.

*EABA~ will provide a site for decontamination of the eartlimoving equipment.* The primary contractor will provide personnel and decontamination equipment (high-

pressure water washer, brushes, etc.) for decontamination of the earthmovingequipment.

* Decontamination water used to decontaminate the earthmoving equipment will becollected and treated prior to disposal.

* Soil and water sampling equipment will be new or decontamninated prior to collectionof each sample. Decontamination will consist of a soap and water scrub folowed bya distilled water rinse.

* Water used for decontamination of soil sampling equipment and other on-site equipmentwill be collected, treated, sampled, and analyzed prior to discharge. Treatment will beby the wastewater treatment system designed by PNL (if running at the time) or by -theCH2IA Hill water treatment system.

* Extra leachate water left over at the end of the demonstration will be collected, treated,sampled, and analyzed prior to discharge. Treatment will be by the wastewatertreatment system designed by PNa (if running at the time) or by the CH2M Hill watertreatment system.

* Soil and water analyses to determine contamination concentrations will be performedusing Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved methods.---

• EAFB is responsible for the dismantling of the compost piles.* EAFB is responsible for finding a proper end use for the treated soil (e.g. fill dirt).*EABA~ is responsible for restoration of the btratment site as appropriate.* If soil from SER site ST58 is not contaminated above regulated levels, EAFB will

provide soil contaminated with hydrocarbon fuels for use in this project demonstration.* Five hundred (500) cubic yards of hydrocarbon-contamninated soil (maximum) will .be

remediated by soil composting in this demonstration.* The contaminated soibsasmedto be asandy gravel (maximum particle size oflI

inch). Based on this assumption, it will be further assumed that the soil will form a40angle with the horizontal when piled.

•A 200mil compost plotllner can beused since nothing will be driven over the liner.

2.0 TECHNICAL DESCRWIMON

Composting has long been used to treat solid wastes with the main objective of obtainingvaluable compost material or a selective substrate (Miller, 1992]. Organic wastes such assewage sludge have also been treated by composting for some time [Parr and Homnick, 1992].

4

. ~~~EAPE Soil Compoiting Work Pian 1129/93, Draft Rev. #10

More recently, however, composting has been used as a treatment technology for degradationof hazardous wastes, including hydrocarbons [Pfeiffer and Kalaghan; Kamnikar] and munitionswaste [Breed et. al, 1991; Ayorinde and Reynolds, 1991; Ziegenfuss et. al, 1991].

* ~~~Composting is a means to enhance bioremnediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by providingan efficient system to deliver oxygen and nutrients to support contaminant biodegradation andby maintaining optimal temiperatures and soil moisture content for biodegradation reactions.Mficrobes degrade hydrocarbons by using the hydrocarbon as substrate. For aliphatichydrocarbon degradation, this involves modifying the end of the molecule and cleaving off anacetyl unit in a process called S-oxidation. Aromatic components of petroleum hydrocarbonsgenerally require hydroxylation via a monooxygenase enzyme to form a catechol-type compoundso that the carbon ring structure can be cleaved. Both mechanisms are present in the majorityof aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria. However, utilization of the hydrocarbon as substrate requires

* ~~the presence of both oxygen and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which are essentialto support bacterial metabolism and growth. Because rates of contaminant destruction areproportional to bacterial population, sufficient nutrients and oxygen must be supplied to supportenough bacterial growth to provide acceptable biodegradation rates. Biochemical reaction ratesare also strongly dependent on temperature. Because of the configuration of the compostsystem, heat transfer can be controlled to maintain optimal temperatures for the contaminant-destruction reactions by adjusting the blower cycle. For sandy soils, the optimal soil moisture. ~~content for microbial activity is 100% of field capacity (approximately -0.01 MNa of waterpotential) [Paul and Clark, 1989]. At this soil moisture, oxygen diffusion is not restrictedbecause the soil macro pores are drained, but sufficient water is available for themicroorganisms. As the soil dries, microbial activity is severely impacted-at approximately -20MNa of water potential (Paul and Clark, 1989; Harris, 1981]. In wetter soil, oxygen transportis restricted by water in the soil macro pores. Composting designs can allow for active controlof the soil moisture content to provide optimal conditions for biodegradation.

It is Hlkly that inorganic nutrients will need to be added to the compost pile mixture, based ondata in the pilot-scale study (CH2M Hill, February 3, 1992]. Nitrogen and phosphorous are themost important nutrients. T'he carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N) should be in the range of 18:1 to30:1 [Golueke and Diaz, 1990]. Ratios of C:N higher than 30:1 will inhibit microbial activityand will result in lower compost pile temperatures. If the nitrogen available is in the reducedform (versus the oxidized form), ratios of C:N less than about 18:1 will result in formation ofammonia [Breed, et. al, 1991; Golueke and Diaz, 1990]. Formation of ammonia can 1) inhibitmicrobial activity, 2) change the matrix pH, and 3) cause an odor problem. Often agriculturalfertiliz:er can be used to provide nutrients. Alternatively, manure can be used. A bulking agentmay also be needed to increase the porosity or lower the water retention of the matrix. Fibrousvegetation (straw) or wood chips can be used for bulking agents. Bulking agents may also beused to add a supplemental carbon source [Ziegenfuss et. al, 1991]. The addition of digestedsewage sludge to the contaminated soil may enhance contaminant destruction rates by providing. ~~a source of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, microorganisms, and water to the soil. The

5

* R~~~APE Soil Composting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 010

rate of bioremediation is linked to all of these parameters because they affect the amount ofmicrobial activity in the soil.

There are several forms for composting systems. Ayorinde and Reynolds provide a gooddiscussion of the types of composting systems (Ayorinde and Reynolds, 1991]. Basically,composting systems can be classified as reactor type or nonreactor type. Reactor type systemsare usually enclosed with mechanical agitation of the matrix (to provide aeration and heatdissipation). Nonreactor systems are usually open and are either aerated or not aerated (static).For this project, an open (non-reactor) system with forced aeration will be used. Such a systemis advantagous because it allows for process control of moisture content and temperature(important to the application at EAFB) and has low capital and operating costs. The compostingtechnology can also be designed for effective control of leachate and of contaminantvolatilization.

3.0 PROJECT OBJECTIVE

3dField Demonstration Obiectives for Soil Composting

The six primary objectives of this field demonstration are:

*Demonstrate that soil composting is an effective method for remediating hydrocarboncontamnination of soil at EAFB

*Demonstrate that elevated temperatures and enhanced remediation are attaied andmaintained when sludge is amended to the compost pile

*Monitor the emissions (eachate and exhausted air) to determine a contamtinant massbalance

*Confirm the soil composting system design

*Establish operating procedures for a soil composting system

*Determine the relative effectiveness of passive and forced aeration systems

32 RemdatinQ bi=

This Work Plan outlines the activities associated with performing a demonstration of soilcomposting to accomplish the demonstration objectives. Thus, no specific residual contaminantconcentration for the soil is described as a part of these activities. Treatment will continue as. ~~a part of the demonstration until the demonstration closure time. The demonstration closure time

6

. S~~~AFE Soil Compoating Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 010

will be chosen based on the initial two soil contaminant concentration analyses (pme- and mid-treatment sampling) and on the projected rate of contaminant destruction. At the designateddemonstration closure time, the soil contaminant concentration will be determined. This finalsampling constitutes the closure of the treatment for demonstration purposes and project closurewill occur once the final report has been prepared and accepted. Final disposition of the soilused in the demonstration will be determined based on the residual contaminant concentrationobtained during demonstration operations, the desired end use of the soil, and negotiatedcontaminant concentration requirements. These activities will be the responsibility of EAFB andare not a part of this project's work scope. If the soil does not meet the required contaminantconcentrations, composting operations may be continued as necessary to reach these cleanupobjectives as part of a separate work scope. The passive aeration piles may, as necessary, beconnected to the forced aeration system to facilitate soil remediation.

311 einOici

One objective of this project is to produce a generic composting system design. The design forthis project will be simple, inexpensive, and applicable to sites where limited facility support isavailable. All of these factors are important when considering a remediation alternative incentral Mlasha. The design from this project will be used as an example for the genericcomposting system design presented in 'Soil Composting Design for Remnediation ofHydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil.' The generic design will have options for the user (EAFB)

toconsider and will allow the user to remnediate soil with minimal design effort required for eachcontamnatedsite.

4.0 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

4, Designajnd&LaU

The conceptual design for composting hydrocarbon-contamninated soil at EAFB will be based onthe need for controlling leachate and air emissions; providing a simple, easily installed systirn;and providing a cost effective treatment system. This design will have four major components:the compost pile, the blower system, the leachate collection system, and the Ieachateredistribution system. The demonstration is planned for 500 cubic yards of contaminated soil.Figure 2 shows a compost pile and the pertinent dimensions. Note that the figure is not to scaleand that a slope of 40' from horizontal was assumed based on the soil being a sandy gravel.

Figure 3 on the next page shows the conceptual design of a composting system with all majorcomponents represented.

The compost pile will be made in a shallow pit (roughly 'A- to 1-foot deep) with earthen berms(1-foot high) surrounding the pit area. A high density polyethylene (HDPE) liner will cover the

7

EAFB Soil Composting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. #10.

pit area and the berms, and will be secured with a layer of soil aver the outer edges. Becausethere will be no driving on the liner and because it is assumed that jagged components in the soilwill be minimal (or absent), the liner is currently designed to be 20-30 mils. Each compost pilewill be roughly 5- to 6-feet high and will contain about 125 cubic yards of contamninated soil.Thus, four piles will be necessary to remediate the 500 cubic yards of soil.

For two of the compost piles, a blower system will be used to aerate the compost pile, enhancingmicrobial activity and contaminant destruction. PVC piping will be installed lengthwise in thecompost pile at a height of about 'A foot above thie pit bottom, with alternating 5-foot-longsections of slotted pipe (well screen) and 3-foot-long sections of solid pipe. The design usesone line of piping per pile placed in the center of the pile near the bottom. Volatile organicsstripped during this process will be adsorbed in a granular activated carbon (GAC) system. T1heblower will be cycled to aerate the compost pile without overly drying the pile or dissipatingheat.

For the remaining two piles, a passive aeration system will be employed. This system willconsist of a series of slotted pipe sections placed through the width of the pile at 3-oot intervalsalong the length of the pile and at alternating heights. T1hese pipe sections will provide an air

- - denotes grade

13 ~~~~denotes trench

I E - 74 2:51I- zi -4 Si

kL:aehate collection would occurk~at this end of the compost pile.

The compost pile slopes in two dIrectIon.to direct the leachete to odle comner. ~~Figure 2. Dimensions of a compost pile. The surrounding berm and sump area are not

shown. Distances are in feet (not to scale).

8

EAFB Soil Composting Wowk Plan 1029/93, Rev. #10

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a a~~~~~~~~~C'UN~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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. N~~~AFB Soil Composting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. #10

passage to the center section of the pile. The driving force for oxygen transport into the pilewill be diffusion, thermal gradients, and natural advection (wind) only. No control of VOCemissions will be possible with this system. These piles will, however, be plumbed forconnection to forced aeration as a contingency if contaminant degradation is flat adequate.

The leachate collection system will consist of the liner spread out over a sunken sump area toform a collection basin, a portable pump, storage Waks, and associated piping. The sump areawill form a seamless holding area to collect leachate from excess rainfall. A portable pump willpump the leachate from the sump area to the storage tanks. There will be a sump area for eachcompost pile and one storage tank per two compost piles.

The leachate redistribution system will consist of a pump and associated piping. The leachatewill be redistributed onto compost piles via sprinklers or soaker hoses installed on top of eachpile.

The proposed layout of the soil composting demonstration area is shown in Figure 4. This areawas calculated for remediating 500 cubic yards of contaminated soil. Space was allotted forstorage of the contaminated soil, sludge, and nutrients. A mixing area is also necessary for abackhoelfront end loader to mix sludge, nutrients, and soil. The remaining free area will beused for staging equipment and other miscellaneous needs.. ~~4J2Q~rado

Procedures were developed for operation of the blower system, the leachate collection system,and the leachate redistribution system. These procedures are addressed in detail in section 6.0of this Work Plan. This section gives an overview of the how these subsystems will operate.

The blower system will operate on a duty cycle. The timing of the cycle will be based onoxygen consumption rates and compost pile temperatures. Once the correct time period forblower operation is calculated, automatic timers will be used to control the system. The dutycycle for the blower will be reevaluated as necessary based on temperature data. Emissionsfrom the compost piles will be monitored at both the inlet and the outlet of the GAC canister forvolatile organic compounds (VOCs) to ensure that organics are adsorbed onto the GAC.

The leachate collection system will be operated manually. The portable pump will be used atregular intervals (at least weekly) to drain the sump area basin. The portable pump, sump areaand the storage tanks will be inspected periodically for proper operation and maintenance. Inparticular, the storage tank levels will be monitored to ensure overflow control.

Leachate will be redistributed onto the soil composting piles to help maintain a suitable soilmoisture content in the compost piles and to minimize potential secondary waste (i.e. leachate).The governing factor for leachate redistribution will be soil moisture.

10

F, E~~FAFU Sail Composting Work PM~ 910903. Rev. #10

V ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~237 ft '

27lft 14 26ft , I

IE 90 Sft ----- ug

Compost Pil. #1 14S cu. yd. - 42 cu. yd.

It It< 8 I

Sump Area ~~~~Mixing AreaIt It~~~27It3

It It~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0fIt It~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7f

It It~~~~~opot Ple #

___ __ _145___ __ cu._ ____yd_ __ Soil Accumulation It

Pile0 GAC SOO~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 cu. yd.

Ln~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I0,be F ~~27ft I

0 6x8 Shed 0 I

50It4 I

-~~~ I ~Compost Pile #3145 cu.& 5Ofd4f

27 ft

I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~L Mixing Area

Compost Pile I4

It I~~~4 t StgngAe

It ~~Fgue47 Laot ofteStaing Areasin Deosrto ieIum ra n e rIt 6%~~~dtildi igrs6an ,rspciey

. BA~~EAF Soil Composing Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 110

5.0 CONSTRUCTION PLAN AND SCHEDULE

5JConstruction of the Remediation Site (RS)

The composting system to remediate 500 cubic yards of soil requires about an acre, using thedesign presented in Section 4. The layout shown in Figure 4 was selected because of the smallarea required and for efficient operations and logistics.

5. 1.1I Requirements of the excavation contractorThe following is a general list of activities that will be performed in constructing the

composting system. This list is broken into two construction phases: phase 1 - site preparation,compost plot construction, and subsystem construction; and phase 2 - compost pile construction.Further details are provided as part of the soil composting design document entitled "SoilCornposting Design for Remediation of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil."

c, Construction Phase 1 - Site preparation, compost plot area construction, and subsystemconstruction

Site preparation will consist of installing an 8-foot-high, chain-link perimeter fence to enclosethe area shown in Figure 4 and described in the design document. Site preparation will alsoinclude removing vegetation as necessary and grading the site as necessary.Compost plot construction will be implemented using the following basic tasks:

* Fence and compost plot construction may begin on 5/31/93 -but no later than -614193(depending on weather). The fence must be completed within the first three days ofconstruction to insure access control to the site.

* Soil and sludge storage areas will be graded and prepared to specifications. The -areasshall be nominally flat. No large or sharp protrusions will be allowed.

* Four rectangular compost plots will be excavated according to specifications in Figure4. Depth should be sloped starting at 1hfoot deep and going tolIfoot below grade.The compost plots should be graded slightly (I inch of drop per 15 feet length) in thedirection downward towards the leachate collection system (Figure 5). There shall notbe any areas in the compost plot itself where water can pool; all water must drain to thesuamp area basin.

* Sump pits shall be dug to a depth of 21 inches below grade at the appropriate corner (seeFigure 4) of the compost plots. The sump pit area shall be 6 feet long in the longdirection of the compost plot area and 5 feet wide in the width direction (Figure 6).These suamp pits shall be sloped such that the pit is the lowest point of the compost plotarea

* An earthen berm shall be erected around each compost plot area. The berms shall beroughly 1 foot high (from grade) and shall enclose each compost plot area as well as theassociated sump pit (see Figure 6). The berms shall have the dimensions given in Figure

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~12

WEA Soil Composfing Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. #10

7. If this is not possible with the existing soil, the soil shall be compacted or fill dirtshall be used to get the values in Figure 7.The collection trench at the end of the plot will be manually installed. This collectiontrench will be 13 feet long (along the width of the plot), 1 foot wide, and shall slopedown to the corner where the sump area will be located. The slope will be 1 inch perI1'S feet down to a depth of I Va feet below grade. The transition from the longitudinalplot slope to the perpendicular trench slope shall be smooth so that the liner will havesupport beneath it (see Figure 5).After the construction equipment has completed the pit excavation and berm construction,the elevation of the sump area will be manually adjusted asnecessary to meet the requirements of Figure 8.

* The plot excavation will then be inspected for unevenness and jagged materials and theseconditions will be corrected as necessary. Satisfactory completion of this final procedurewill be determined by the site supervisor.

Next, the leachate recovery system will be installed.

*-The liner shall be manually rolled out over each compost plot area along the length ofthe plot. Liner shall be positioned such that the edges fall over the outside of thesurrounding earthen berm (Figure 5 detail).IlTe liner shall be manually fitted to conform with the plot contour. There shall besupport underneath the liner (especially at corners) so that a heavy load will not stressand tear the liner.

*Extra soil (removed from the compost plot areas) shall be placed over the outer-edge-of -- -

the liners to secure the liners in position (Figure 5 detail).The entrance gap to the sump pit area shall be manually fllled with al1.Sfoot high gravelberm as shown in Figure 6.

Concurrent with the above activities, the following subsystems will be assembled so that theycan be easily installed at the specified time.

* The test shed shall be moved into place.* The 4 inch diameter PVC piping (2'S or 3 foot lengths) and slotted PVC piping (5 foot

lengths) shall be assembled in alternating sections (see Figure 9).* The slotted piping for the passive aeration piles will be assembled.* The blower system (blower and (JAC) shall be assembled according to Figure 10.* Piping/hose for leachate collection shall be assembled (i.e. the piping from the portable

sump pump to the storage tanks).* The sump pump liquid output shall be connected to the appropriate piping/hose.* The leachate redistribution piping shall be assembled.* The hole for the knockout drum shall be dug. The hole shall be approximately 40 inches

deep. See Figure 10 for knockout drum placement.* The air manifold shall be assembled per Figure 10.

13

EAFB Soil Composting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. #10

* The GAC manifold shall be assembled per Figure 10.* The knockout drum shall be connected to the blower system per Figure 10.* The blower shall be connected to the GAC manifold and GAC canisters.* The heater shall be installed and connected to the power supply.* The storage tanks shall be put into position.* The leachate collection piping shall be connected to the portable pump and the storage

tanlks per Figure 1.

slope =I in. drop per 15 ft length

smooth transition along -- -

this edge of the trench

I by 13 ft trench

slope -I in. drop per 1.5 ft Ieqth !I4A

Section view ofedge of compost

Figure 5. Slope of compost plot pit. Height transitions and support for the liner are. ~~also shown.

14

BAFB Soil Comp~oudng Work Plan 1129/93. Rev. #10

___________ 61Pea gravel berm

St slope Pea gravel berm:

Dimensions are from pr2f bu twdthe Inside of the soil bot fwdberm

Sump Area (lowest point of compost plot area)

jDet ail of Sump Area

Overview of a compost pile and the location of the leachate coflection tank.

Figure 6. Detail of sump area.

15

EAFB Soil Composting Work Plan 1129/93, Draft Rev. 110

* Sump pump electrical service shall be connected per Figure 12.* The leachate redistribution pump system shall be installed and electricity connected per

Figures I11 and 12.* Electrical systems will be installed using the conduit, wiring, control system, and

electrical box layouts specified in Figure 12 (detail).* Text equipment connection will be the responsibility of PNL. However, electrical

service to the test equipment shed will be the responsibility of the contractor and will becompleted per Figure 12.

20 ft

6 n 2 Zft nominali f

.5 LO I rt ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~IGrdI I ~~~~~.75 ft -)3---it--Gr-- deI

Figure 7. Dimensions of the compost plot berms. Note that the depth from grade variesdue to the sloping as inFigure 5. 'Me top of the compost pile needs to beat least 2feetwide and fiat.

1 2"

grade ~~~~~~~far end of plot pit 8"'----- rjA-r--- dt.2i--p!--- -- 30 /1

Sump pit isthe lowest pointof the sumparea. See Figure8 also.. ~~Figure S. Elevation of the sump area in relation to the rest of the compost plot area.

16

HAFB Soil Composting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rcv. #10

Top view section - 2.5 ft solid PVC pipe sections- 3 ft solid PVC pipe sections

5 ft slotted PVC pipe sectionsI ft, wide. 4" layer of pea gravel under pipe

oase solid PVC pipe

2' for outer piles (#I & 54)1.5' for inner piles (#2 & 53)Toofbr

5'

Side view section

To knockout drum

F'ront view section

Pie1s lo* some

. f~~gure 9. Diagram showing locations of air piping and pea gravel in a compost pile.

17

. ~~~~ABA~ Sodl Composting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 110

Compout pile S In. nominal height

5 it nominal height supr posts (20 ft spacing)

Sole oidvalv

F-1 Z' pipe~~~~~~~ru

Figure 0. Airpiping nd conectionsto theBlower4nd ACiysem

0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'pp18~~~~~~~~,pp

EAFB Soil COMPOCing Woak Y`~ 1/29193, Draft Rev. #10

I ~~~~~~~IC

2

14a

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Ep.fl Soil Composting Work � I/29�91. Draft Rn. 110I - . . .

II-I.

-[[I iii liiia1 1.

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20

EAfl Soi Composing Work Pla 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 110

All construction of compost plot areas, installation of liner systems, and assembly/installation

of subsystems shall be completed and ready for compost pile construction by 6/18/93.

c- Construction Phase 2 - Compost pile construction

When the contaminated soil becomes available for construction of the compost piles, thefollowing basic tasks will be implemented to finalize the compost system construction. Soildelivery is planned for 6/21/93. The soil delivery date is referred to as day 0 for reference tothe dates given below.

For all piles:The contaminated soil wil be mixed with the necessary amendments (sludge, water, andnutrients) on the soil mixing pa located between two compost piles (Figure 4) using thefront-end loader of a standard backhoe. Mixing will proceed by combining theconstituents on the pad and successively lifting and dropping the pile with the front-endloader. The appropriate number of repetitions of this process will be determined by thesite supervisor. During mixing, any large debris (e.g. cobbles, metal, etc.) shall beremoved to prevent undue stress to the liner when the soil is piled into compost piles.The mixture for piles I and 2 (Figure 4) will consist of 6 parts soil (i.e., 6 front-end-loader loads) plus one part sludge (this is a 7:1 mixture). Waler will also be added tothe mixture for piles 1 and 2, as directed by the site supervisor. The mixture for piles3 and 4 will consist of 6 parts soil plus x lbs of horse feed, straw, or manure mixed withlawn fertilizer. The lawn fertilizer (5 weight % nitrogen) will be added in the ratio of20 pounds of fernizer per 6cubic yards.of soil. Water will-be added as.directed by-thesite supervisor. Mixed soil will be piled at the end of the mixing pad that is accessibleto the excavator. The excavator will pick up the soil and transfer it to the compost pileaccording to the specific layering protocol. In this procedure, the excavator will onlyneed to move up and back between the two compost piles and swivel to drop the soil inthe desired location. Soil and sludge stock piles will be covered with secured sheets of6-mil-thick visqueen except for portions that are in use for the mixing process. Duringall off shifts, the soil and the sludge piles will be completely covered and the cover shallbe secured against wind and rain.

* Te first lift of soil shall be put in place using the excavator. Care will be taken topreserve the integrity of the liner (no driving on the liner, no contact betweenearthmoving equipment and the liner, no dropping of soil from greater than 1 foot abovethe liner surface). The contractor is responsible for satisfactory repair or replacementof the liner if it isdamaged. All damage to the liner will be inspected by the sitesupervisor who will determine the appropriate corrective action. All repairs orreplacements must be approved and documented by the site supervisor. The first liftshall be spread out over the entire compost plot area inside the earthen berms to a heighteven with the grade. The first layer shall be roughly smoothed out using the excavator

21

FI

EAFB Sodl Composing Work PIan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. ISO

or a backhoe, as necessary, so that the top of the soil layer is acceptably even and flatas determined by the site supervisor.

For piles 2 and 3:Once the first layer has been leveled for piles 2 and 3, a trench shall be installed intowhich the air manifold and pea gravel will be placed. The trench will run along thelongitudinal center of the compost pile and will be 1 foot wide. The trench will beangled at the same slope as the bottom of the compost plot pit (1 inch drop per 15 ft oflongitudinal distance).

*Pea gravel shall be laid down in the trench according to Figure 9. The pea gravel shallbe laid down at a width of 1 foot and a depth of 4 inches.

*The assembled PVC piping shall be laid down and nestled into the gravel. One end ofthe assembled piping shall extend out the end of the compost plot area.

*Thermocouples shall be placed by PNL personnel at the appropriate areas according toFigure 13.

*More contaminated soil and sludge shall be mixed as per the previous instructions andcarefully placed near the PVC piping. Care shall be taken to not disturb the PVC pipingand to not destroy or disturb the thermocouples. The PVC piping needs to stay with theoutlet end at the proper angle (it will be perpendicular to the grade when viewed fromthe end of the pile).

*Pea gravel shall be placed all around the slotted PVC piping by hand shovel andcontaminated soil shall be used to hold the pea gravel (and piping) in place. See Figure9 for an example of pea gravel placement.

*Contaminated soil/sludge mixture application will then resume using the excavator in asecond layer, taking car as the PVC pipe is packed. --The second layer shall be piled -

across the width of the compost plot area as far as posible. The second layer shall bepiled to a height of roughly 3 feet from the original grade (surface) with a side slope of30Ot40Y and the maximum possible width at the top of this layer. The top of the pileshall be smoothed out for placement of the thermocouples according to Figure 13 (forthe thermocouples at 3 feet above grade).

22

EAPD Sodl Composting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 510

T13 ft

+ 6 below compost pilesurface

12 It

+ 3 ft above grade +

12 It

+ even with grade + 0

12 ft

12 It~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t

+ I -a -Bbelow compost pile

12 ft

* even withgrd

13 ft

F loauonof lCompost pile throopehead

Figure 13. Location of thermocouples (not to scale). Thermocouple tips are to beplaced along the longitudinal centerline of the pile. All compost piles will follow thisformat. 2

EAFD Soil Compoeting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 510

* Termocouples shall be placed by PNL personnel at the smoothed out areas at a heightof 3 feet from grade (as specified in Figure 13).

* The contaminated soil/sludge mixture application shall continue for a third layer until aheight of roughly 5½A feet (from the original grade) is attained. T'he pile shall besmoothed out to a roughly flat area on top. The pile should be roughly 5½h feet highabove the original grade when the top is smoothed out flat.

* Narrow trenches shall be dug by hand trowel at the specified places according to Figure13. Thermocouples shall be placed in the bottom of these trenches by PNL personneland then the thermocouples and wire shall be covered with soil.

For piles l and 4:*1The construction of piles l and 4 will be the same as for piles 2 and 3 (i.e., the air

manifold, thermocouples, and soil layering will be the same) except for the followingadditions.

* After the air manifold has been installed, soil will be layered onto the pile until it is levelwith the berm. A set of slotted air piping will then be installed across the narrow sectionof the pile at 6-foot intervals (Figure 14).

* Soil will be layered to the next designated thermocouple position (3 feet above grade) anda set of slotted air piping installed at 6-foot intervals so that the piping is located atalternating positions with the lower set of piping (Figure 14). Thermocouple placementwill proceed as described for piles 2 and 3.

* The compost pile will then be completed as described for piles 2 and 3.

For all piles:*Construction shall proceed such that piles 1 and 2 are built concurrently -and piles 3-and

4 are built concurrently. The pile construction shall proceed such that the first two pilesare finished by the 6' day. T1he remaining two piles shall be finished by the 12' day.Final subsystem connections and installation will take place on the last two days so thewhole system will be ready to operate by the end of the 11 shift on the 14' day.

Once construction of the composting piles is complete (or as soon as it is practical), thefollowing systems will be installed:

*The ends of the PVC pipe which protrude from compost piles 2 and 3 shall be connectedto the air manifold and the knockout drum per Figure 10.

24

. EAFE ~Soil Compoating Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 110

Top view section of a compost pile

Si viw scthn ffacopotpi2%S -le -

0 0 ii

Front view section of a compost pile - - Heights ame

fo~~~ long pipe. - -> ip

ao sot lat7fofsotdpipe.

NotegThre 4 Compost1 pies winthpsie btolayeration. Loaions of pasie toayerato pipesnar

shown. Not to scale.

25

EJAFB Soil Compoating Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. DIG

* Vacuum gauges and air flow meters shall be installed in piles 2 and 3 per Figure 15.* Soaker hoses, sprinklers and leachate redistribution piping shall be connected to the

leachate redistribution pump and installed on the top of all composting piles.

All systems will be installed and ready for operational testing of the composting system by day14 (this would be 7/5/93 based on the expected soil delivery date).

The compost system will be tested for correct performance and to set operational parameterswhen construction is complete. Following testing, compost operation will commence perinstructions outlined in the operational procedures and test plan sections of this document(sections 6.0 and 7.0, respectively).

5.1.2 Schedule of constrqctionA proposed schedule of events has been developed to facilitate construction.

Figures 16A and 16B show the relationships among construction events.

26

- I * I~~0 0- D I

LI

1L~~~~~

O R 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~I *

27 ~ aa i .

EAFB Soil Composting Work Plan 1/29/93. Draft Rev. 510

Figure 16A. PERT chart for phase 1 of construction.

28

EAFB Soil Competing Work Plan 1/29/93k Draft Rev. #10

a ~~, S SW ~ ~ ~ - SW be Sn~.. M..I

Figre 6BFPER chartfor has 2 of costrution

*4~~~2

BABl Soil Composing Work Plan 1029/93, Draft Rev. #10

6.0 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

This section covers the procedures for operation of the soil composting system and relatedequipment. An overview of the whole system is also given in section 6. 1.

61 Overall Process Operaion

The composting system will be used to remediate contaminated soil by providing nutrients,oxygen, and appropriate moisture to the soil so that microbial activity is induced to degrade thecontaminants. The compost system will also regulate the reaction temperature to provide foroptimal degradation rates. Additionally, leachate and air emissions will be controlled so that nounwanted releases of contaminants to the environment occur as a result of secondary waste fromthe treatment process. These functions of the compost system are performed by the followingsubsystems or activities.

6.1.1I Providng Conditions for Enhanced BioremiediationThe key components for effective biodegradation of hydrocarbon contamination are

microbes, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, water, and an acceptable temperature. The compostingsystem design and method of operation provides a means to effectively control these parametersto enhance bioremediation. Mficrobes indigenous to the soil have the ability to degrade thehydrocarbon contmnination if the appropriate environmental conditions are provided. Becausea ~~~the hydrocarbon contaminant serves as the substrate for the bacteria, only the addition of oxygenand key nutrients is normally required to stimulate contaminant degradation. Nitrogen andphosphorus are provided in fertilizer and/or sludge that is mixed with the contaminated soilduring construction of the compost system. Additional nutrients, if required during the treatmentperiod, can be provided in aqueous form and distributed using the leachate redistribution system(a soaker hose). For the forced aeration piles, oxygen is provided to the soil by pulling airthrough the soil using a blower connected to a manifold that spans the length of the pile. Theblower will only operate for a short duration each hour to replenish oxygen to the soil. Thisoperation period will be determined using oxygen measurements so that the blower will onlyoperate long enough to just replenish the oxygen to the soil. A short blower cycle is desired tocontrol the loss of waxer and heat from the soil. In the passive aeration piles, oxygen deliveryis not controlled; delevery will occur through the slotted air piping and through the surface ofthe pile by diffusion. In addition, advection may be induced by thermal gradients or wind.Control of pile temperature will be implemented as necessary by watering or covering the pile.The soil must retain sufficient water for the microbes to remain active (best at 100% of fieldcapacity). Also, the optimal temperature for biodegradation is about 35-40YC. Mficrobialactivity in the soil due to contaminant destruction will produce heat. Heat production must becarefully balanced against heat losses to maintain an acceptable temperature. The duration ofthe blower cycle and insulation are the primary ways to control the heat losses from the soil.

30

EAFB Soil Composting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. PlO

6.1.2 Control of Secondary WastesThe secondary wastes associated with composting are leachate and air emissions of

volatile organics. Leachate is potentially caused by either rainfall collection and infiltration orartificial distribution of water to the pile to maintain soil moisture. A liner under the compostpile collects the leachate and channels it to a sump pump basin where it can be pumped into astorage tank. Because leachate is generated during periods when the soil is wet, the leachatemust be stored until the soil becomes dry again and the leachate can be pumped back onto thesoil to increase soil moisture. Contamination associated with the leachate is returned to the soilat this time and can be remediated in the composting process. The primary purpose of theblower is to replenish oxygen to the soil. While pulling air through the pile, however, volatilecontaminants can be stripped and entrained in the air streamn. The compost is designed to pullrather than push air through the soil so that the entrained contaminants will exit the soil at adiscrete point. Thus, if required, a granulated activated carbon unit can be used to remove thevolatile contaminants from the effluent air stream.

6.1.3 Process MonitoringThe remediation process must be monitored to ensure proper operation and to determine

the effectiveness of the treatment. The composting process will primarily be controlled byblower operation and distribution of water/aqueous nutrients to the soil using the leachateredistribution system. Three parameters will be used to maintain the appropriate operating

* ~~~conditions in the forced aeration piles. First, the temperature of the pile will be maintained tobetween 25 and 45 C by adjusting the blower cycle. Second, the soil moisture will bemaintained to between 50% and 100% of field capacity. Based on soil moisture measurements,soil moisture will be controlled by manual operation of the leachate redistribution system.-Third, the oxygen content will be maintained-to between 5%-and 20%_in the soil-gas using-theblower. The blower cycle will be set so that the oxygen is replenished before it is exhausteddue to consumption. This blower cycle may be altered to control the temperature of the pile.No rigorous control of pile temperature or oxygen content is planned for the passive aerationpiles. Thus, soil moisture will be the primary controlled process variable. In addition, soilsamples will be analyzed for nitrogen and phosphorus content to determine whether additionalnutrients should be applied during the treatment period via the leachate redistribution system.Contaminant remediation will be measured by analyzing soil samples taken at the beginning,middle, and closure of treatment.

U lwe pgao

The blower will operate on a cycle with the purpose of aerating the compost piles. The blowerwill be operated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The manufacturer'sinstructions with regard to the method of operation, installation, etc. will be followed. Theinstructions will be kept in a binder marked 'Equipment Manuals.'

31

RAPE Soil Composding Work Plan 1/29/93. Draft Rev. 010. ~~~The blower will pull air through 4-inch PVC pipes (alternating slotted and solid sections) locatedin the center bottom of each compost pile. The air piping will then exit the compost pile andwill be sloped downward to a manifold. T7hen the air will enter the knockout drum to collectcondensate before going into the blower. Solenoid valves in the manifold will direct the blowervacuum to the appropriate pile in a sequential cycle for a specified amount of time. The blowerwill operate continuously while the solenoids go through a bycle as described in the controllersequencing table (Figure 12). Once all piles have been aerated, the blower will cycle off for aspecified amount of time. The solenoids will be tilted such that condensate will not collect inthe valves and any water can drain to the knockout drum.

6.2.1 Blowe CycleThe blower will be operated in a cyclic manner to insure that the compost piles are well

aerated and so that heat transfer (causing cooling of the piles) is controlled. Aeration is requiredfor biological growth (and hence degradation of the contaminants). The duration of the solenoidcycle for each pile shall be determined by the following method:

Part 1Turn the %2 meter on

* Connect the 02 meter to the chart recorder* Calibrate the 0% meter and adjust the chart recorder

Part 2* Insert the %2 meter into the sampling port* Start the blower* On the chart recorder paper, note the time when the blower was turned on* Monitor the 02 eter reading* Turn off the blower when the amount of oxygen is roughly 21 %* Note the time when the oxygen concentration is 21 %, this is time zero

Part 3* Wait for 15 minutes* Start the blower* On the chart recorder paper, note the time when the blower was turned on* Monitor the 02 meter reading* Note the lowest percentage of oxygen, and the time elapsed from time zero* Turn off the blower when the amount of oxygen is roughly 21 %* Stop the blower

Part 4

*Wait for 30 minutes

* ~~~~~~~~~~~~32

BAFB Soil Compostng Work Plan 1t29l93, Draft Rev. 110p *~~~~~ Start the blowerOn the chart recorder paper, note the time when the blower was turned on

* Monitor the 02 meter reading* Note the lowest percentage of oxygen, and the time elapsed from time zero* Turn off the blower when the amount of oxygen is roughly 21 %* Stop the blower


Part 6* Wait for 90 minutes* Start the blowerF *~~~~ On the chart recorder paper, note the time when the blower was turned on* Monitor the O meter readinga * ~~~~Note the lowest percentage of oxygen, and the time elapsed from time zeroV * ~~~~Turn off the blower when the amount of oxygen is roughly 21 %*Stop the blower



33

SAFB Soil Compoeting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. #10

Part 9 (See Figure 17 for an example calculation)* Graph the lowest oxygen concentrations (from Parts 3-7) versus time (x axis)* Curve fit the points which are above 5% to a linear curve fit (below 5%, bacterial

activity Mtls off nonlinearly)* T7he slope of the curve fit will be the oxygen consumption rate, k(, (% 02 used per

minute)* We want the oxygen concentration to remain above 5%* Use the equation: 21 %- (kw,-t*,)=5 % to solve foryt** tw is the time required for the oxygen concentration in the pile to drop to 5 %* Detirmine the time to reoxygenate the compost pile, t.., from the equation: t,.,

( (VP& . e) I Fbb.{SF} where the variables are as defined in Figure 17.

Now the cycle is approximately defined. The blower can be operated for t,.. minutesafter a static period of t. minutes. Or the blower can be operated for an equivalent amountin different proportions to account for a heat balance.

34

. S~~~AFB Soil Composing Work Plan 1129/93, Draft Rev. #10

* ye ~~~~~~(kcaXx) 4 b

15 30 so go 220

elapsed time (min)

Note that the curve fit Is only linear between approximately 21land 5%X oxygen.Below about 5% oxygen, battensa become less active.

Example:y = 2 oxygen

L1t kca a .25 %/mln. (from graphed data) x a elapsed timeb - y intercept

Calculate col - slope - rate or oxygen consumptionLawp - Urne for oxygen to drop to 52

212 -I~ka~to.,) - St r - blower flow rate

-- > 1 -5 -Is (0.5)(gaw --e =porosiftyof the compost pil

* (40~~~~~o)(0.5)/(2y0fcto0).- 10.124 minutes

a 0.5~ ~~~~3


t sump area. This will be done at least weekly (more frequently depending on the amount ofprecipitation). Electrical outlets will be wired so that there is one outlet near each sump area.The sump pump system will consist of the portable pump connected by a 60-foot-long, 3/4-inch-diameter hose to a valved PVC pipe outlet section thatwil be portable between the two storagetanks (see Figure 1 1). The inlet of the pump (or the inlet hose) will have a filter screen toremove any particulate matter which may damage the pump. The sump system wil be storedin plastic tubs while not in use with the outlet valve closed. To remove leachate from the sump,the outlet section will be placed in the appropriate storage tank, secured with duct tape, and theoutlet valve opened. Next, the pump will be transported to the desired sump area whilecarefully uncoiling the attached hose. The pump inlet will then be immersed, the pump pluggedin, and sump operation will commence. When a sump area has been finished, the pump maybe moved to the next area using the plastic tub to assure that no leachate is spilled on theground. When sump operations are complete, the system will be stored and the cap for theleachate storage tank replaced. The sump pump can then be moved to the appropriate sumparea, connected to the hose leading to the storage tank, plugged in, immersed, and operated.

6.3.2 Centrnju gal Pwnp OperationA centrifugal pump will be used to redistribute leachate from the storage tanks back to

the soil compost piles. T'he centrifugal pump will be operated according to the manufacturer'sinstructions. It will be left connected to a power source but the centrifugal pump will bemanually turned on only when operation is desired. The pump will be used 1) to increase soilm oisture content of the soil compost piles when these piles become too dry, 2) when a storageS ~~~tn reaches a predetermined level, or 3) to distribute nutrients to the compost pile. Thecentrifugal pump shall, therefore, be operated in concurrence with the operational proceduresfor the storage tanks as well as with the operational procedures for leachate redistribution.

6A SumRm

The sump area is the low point of the compost plot pit which collects leachate runoff from thesoil compost pile at one end of the pile. The sump area will be a 5foot by 6foot area dug toa depth of 21 inches. The liner wil be extended to fit into this sump area. Thus, there will'beno seamis and any leachate will be contained in the sump area. The liquid level need only bemonitored occasionally or during heavy rain. The sump area is designed to hold 23 gallons ofwater. The sump area and trench hold 103 gallons and the whole liner would hold 1022 gallons(= 1.05 inches of rainfall) if the water level was 6 inches below grade. The sump area shallbe drained using the sump pump on a regular interval (at least weekly).

b.5 Storage anks

T'he main storage tanks will hold leachate collected from all soil compost piles. The combinedcapacity of the storage tanks will be 3000 gallons and the tanks will not be allowed to overflow.

536~~~~~~~~~~~3

EAFB Soil Compoaing Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 210

The liquid level shall be determined at least weekly in order to prevent overflow. Especiallyat times of rainfall the liquid level will be measured to determine the possibility of overflow.If overflow is imminent, no liquid will be pumped to the storage tank(s) and leachate will beallowed to collect in the sump area/liner system.

j. Leachate Redistributo

Leachate redistribution from the storage tanks to one or more compost piles will occur when thesoil moisture is deemed too law. This is dependent on the amount of leachate present in thestorage tanks. Valves will be checked to make sure that the appropriate compost pile(s) receivethe leachate. The centrifrgal pump will be operated for a duration and flowrate to deliver apredetermined amount of liquid to the compost pile(s). The leachate may also be amended withmake-up water or nutrients which will then be distributed to the proper compost piles.

The contaminated soil to be remediated shall be mixed with the necessary amendments (sludge,water, and nutrients) prior to being placed in the compost pile. The contaminated soil will bemixed on the soil mixing pad located between two compost piles (see Figure 4) using the front-end loader of a standard backhoe. Mixing will proceed by combining the constituents on the pa. ~~~and successively lifting and dropping the pile with the front-end loader. The appropriate numberof repetitions of this process will be determined by the site supervisor. The mixture for pilesI and 2 (see Figure 4) will consist of 6 parts soil (i.e., 6 front-end-loader loads) plus one partsludge. Water will also be added to the mixture for pileslIand 2as directed by the sitesupervisor. T1he mixture for piles 3 and 4 will consist of 6 parts soil plus x lbs of horse feed,straw, or manure mixed with lawn fertilizer.- The lawn fertilizer (5-weight % nitrogen) will beadded in the ratio of 2Opounds of fertilizer per 6cubic yards of soil. Water will be added asdirected by the site supervisor. Mixed soil will be piled at the end of the mixing pad that isaccessi'ble to the excavator.

Uf Piling Soil on Compogst Piles and Stokpilinu

The excavator (track mounted tractor with a backhoe bucket) will pick up the soil and transferit to the compost pile according to the specific layering protocol outlined in Section 5. 1. 1. Inthis procedure, the excavator will only need to move up and back between the two compost pilesand swivel to drop the soil in the desired location. Soil and sludge stockpiles will be coveredwith secured sheets of 6-mil-thick visqueen except for portions that are in use for the mixingprocess. During all off shufts, the entirety of both the soil and the sludge piles will be coveredand the cover shall be secured against wind and rain.

37

BA3D Soil Composting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 110

Soil will be sampled at the locations specified in Section 7.3. 1. To take a soil sample, a laddershall be carefully placed against the (long) side of the compost pile. Care shall be taken to notdisturb the soil. The person who is sampling shall climb the ladder carrying a 3 foot by 4 footplywood board, which will be placed an top of the compost pile. The person doing the samplingshall stand on this plywood board and place any required equipment on the board. No standingon the soil itself shall be allowed in order to prevent deformation of the pile. A second smallerboard may be used if required for safe sampling.

All earthmoving equipment shall be decontaminated before and after all compost piles are

constructed. Decontamination will consist of a high-pressure water wash at a site provided byEAFB. These decontamination wastes will be collected, treated and sampled prior to disposalby the primary construction contractor.

Decontamnination of soil sampling equipment will occur both before and after each sample istaken. Decontamination will consist of a scrubbing with an Alconox solution followed by adistilled water rinse. Decontamination wastes will be collected for treatment, sampling and

* ~~analysis prior to discharge. Any other equipment requiring decontamination will also bedecontaminated using the same method. Leachate remaining after the soil compostingdemonstration shall also be collected for treatment. Treatment of these decontamnination wasteswil occur using the wastewater treatment system designed by PNL for EAFB (if it is runningat the time) or the CH2M HUIl treatment system.

fLU CaninCng

The following contingencies will be considered part of this demonstration and provisions shall

be made to assure that these contingency plans can be implemented.

6.11.1 Pike CoveirIf conditions warrant covering the pile (e.g. windy conditions, heavy rainfall, etc.), 100-

foot by 40-foot sheets of 6-mil visqueen plastic will be used. The plastic will be separated fromthe soil by 4 to 6 inch flexible plastic tubing (e.g. plastic tiing tubing) placed across the widthof the pile every 6feet for the lengthof the comfpost pile. Plastic sheeting willbe secured withconcrete blocks placed every 6 feet along thie plot berm. To allow airflow into the soil, vertical2-foot-long slits will be cut and bordered with duct tape between each tube. When operating

wit a oveedpile, a soaker hose will be pemanently installed for leachte or clean waterdistribution.

38*

. N~~~APE Soil Compoting Work Plan 1/29/93, Dnft Rev. *10

6.11.2 Soil BulkingIf the soil is not porous enough or if the soil has a high percolation rate, wood chips may

be mixed with the soil. Wood chips provide bulking to increase the porosity of the media.Wood chips also hold moisture well and would help increase the water retention properties ofthe media.

6.11.3 Air Short CircuitingIf the air manifold is not adequately pulling air from the far end of the compost pile as

determined by the vacuum measurement at the end of the manifold and by temperature profiles,a sheet of 6-mil visqueen will be used to covera portionlof the fronlt endof the pile. This willforce air to be pulled through the far end of the pile. T1he operation will then be cycledregularly between pulling air through the front and back of the pile.

6.11.4 Contaminated Soil Spills During ConstructionContaminated soil that is spilled during construction will be scraped up from the ground

aMd returned to the contaminated soil storage area at the end of each day or as appropriate.

6.11.5 Liner RepairShould the compost pile liner be torn during installation or construction, the site

supervisor shall first determine whether or not the liner can be repaired. If the tear is not. ~~~repairable, the liner shall be replaced. If the tear is repairable, the tear will be patched. Apatch of extra liner will be cut to cover the tear and one foot extra distance around the tear onall sides. The liner surface around the tear shall be cleaned of any dirt or substances whichwould prevent a good seal. Liner repair tape shall be placed all around the tear at a distanceof 4inches from the tear on all sides. Liner repair tape shall also be attached to the bottom sideof the patch at the outer edge of the patch. Tbe patch shall be placed over the tear and pressed-down around the edges and where the repair tape was placed. Care must be used when walkingon the liner to make a repair in order to prevent fuarther tears

6.11.6 Surplus Clean SoilIf ther is any surplus clean soil resulting from excavation activities, the soil shall be

stockpiled. The clean soil would be soil that was excavated to form the compost plot pits (notremediated soil). The best location for stockpiling is the lower left corner of the demonstrationsite as shown on Figure 4.

6.11.7 Air Manifold FloodingIf the air manifold in the compost pile (with alternating slotted and solid 4-inch PVC

pipe) should flood due to excess buildup of water in the liner, blower operations will be halteduntil the leachate can be removed from the liner containment area (via the sump pump).

39

2ELED Soil Compouting Work Pla *1/29/93, Draft Rev. #lO

6.11.8 Soil pH AdjustmentIf the initial pH of the contaminated soil or of the contaminated soil/sludge mixture is

lower than pH 6, lime will be mixed with the soil to bring the pH up to 7.

6.11.9 Entrainmnem of Soil by WindTo control particulate problems, if there are high wind conditions, the piles will either

be planted with grass, covered with plastic as described in section 6.1 1. 1, or the surface of thepiles will be kept wet by sprinkling.

The following contingencies will not be considered part of this demonstration and would beimplemented as part of an additional work scope.

6.11.10 InsulationIf conditions warrant insulating the pile, a 6-inch layer of wood chips will be placed on

the pile and covered with plastic sheeting (as described in section 6. 11. 1, except no plastictubing will be used).

6.11.1 1 Pile HeatingIf conditions warrant heating the pile, the blowers may be reversed to blow air into the

piles. Instead of GAC canisters and a knockout drum, the blowers would push air throug h an. ~~~air heater before the air enters the pile. Increasing the air temperature to near 300C would beoptimal. Note that forcing heated air into the compost pile would occur only after enough airis pulled through the pile to draw off VOCs and collect them in GAC canisters. Injected airoperation means that there is no control of emissions from the compost pile, so VOCs must becollected prior to injected air operation. Forced air operation of the blower (into the pile) wouldrequire replumbing the blower into the air manifold with the solenoid valves. The knockoutdrum would be circumvented and the blower inlet would be refitted with an air filter.

7.0 TEST PLAN and SCHEDULE

This section details what, when, and how parameters will be measured. Equipment, methods,and identification information is also given. First, however, a discussion of the test objectivesfor this technology demonstration of soil composting is presented. This discussion outlines whatthis demonstration is trying to determine. Table 2 illustrates the primary experimentaltreatments of this demonstration.

40

NAPE Sodl Composting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. #10

TABLE 2. EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENTI FOR EACH COMPOST PILE.

Sludge Added Forced Air Passive AirFertilizer

_____ and Organic _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Pilel I ___ _

Pile 2 /_ _ _ _ /_ _

Pile 3 _ _ //_ _ _

Pile 4//

First, the effect of amending the compost with digested municipal sludge in terms of nutrientprovision and heat generation will be determined. Two of the compost piles will be amendedwith a specific quantity of sludge as the sole source of additional nutrients and organic material.The remaining two compost piles will be amended with lawn fertilzer to provide nutrients andwith horse feed, straw or manure to provide organic material. The organic material will bechosen based on its availability in Fairbanks, Alaska. Each treatment (pile) will have the samecalculated amendment of nutrients and organic material. Thus, the relative efficiency of each

* ~~source of amended material can be determined by comparing contaminant destruction rates,nutrient utilization rates, and oxygen utilization rates. Additionally, the effect of each type ofamendment on heat production will be determined by comparing the temperature of the piles.

The second objective is to monitor the secondary effluents of the composting process: exhaustedair and leachate. Exhausted air will be monitored for VOCs during the first 3 weeks of compostoperation (followed by periodic monitoring based on the results of the first three weeks) todetermine the amount of contaminant stripped from the pile due to forced aeration. Leachateproduction will be measured in the leachate collection storage tanks. Contaminant concentrationsin the leachate will be monitored to determine the amount of contamination stripped from. thesoil due to leaching.

The third objective is to determine the relative effectiveness of passive and forced aeration.Contaminant degradation rates and process parameters such as pile temperature, soil moisture,and nutrient utilization will be compared to assess the performance of each system. Theperformance of each system also will be assessed in terms of the cost to implement each design.

The fourth objective is to confirm the compost system design. Operational parameters such astemperature, soil moisture content, contaminant concentrations, air flow rates, blower cycle,system vacuum, etc. will be used to determine the effectiveness of the design and appropriatedesign changes. In addition, as needed, design contingencies will be implemented and tested.

41

EAPE Soil Composing Work Plan 1129/93, Draft Rev. #10

* 71 ~~~SampkDesignation

Samples taken for analyse s will be identified using the following naming system:

LR.B#-PageN-Pile#-Code-Sample#where

LRB# w the number of the Laboratory Record Book (LRLB) which is used for thisproject.

Page!# the page in the TIE where the sample information is writtenPile!# the number of the compost pile where the sample was taken from,

Corresponding to the numbers in Figure 4.Code = a code designating which analysis will be performed on the sample (see

Table 3)Sample! = a 'unique number given to each sample. For a gii'en location and sampling

time there will be no repetition of sample numbers; duplicates will be indicated witha unique sample number followed by parentheses containing 'D and the number ofthe duplicated sample.

Each sample will also have the date (month-day-year) and the grid location (if applicable) writtenon the sample container. The grid location will consist of the two coordinates as determined by

a ~~~the sampling location method (section 7.3. 1).

W ~~All sample information will be recorded in the LRB with the corresponding sample designation.

T'ABLE 3. CODES FOR SPECIFIC ANALYSES.

Code I Analysis

-2 TPHD

3 BE

4 TCLP lead

5 soilpH

6 TKN and total

7 bacteria counts

8 soil moisture

9 temperature

42

SAFB Soil Composting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. #10

22 Parameters and Measurine/Samfling Schedule

Table 4 lists important parameters for this demonstration project. These parameters are dividedinto various subcategories for ease of classification. Column I of Table 4 identifies the numberof sampling events. The number of samples or readings which will be taken per sampling eventis given in column 3, and column 2 shows what point during the period of operation thatsamples should be taken.

TABLE 4. SAMPLE PARAMETERS AND SAMPaLING SCHEDULE

Measurement parameter Sampling When to Number of samples perFrequency sample sampling occurrence

(times)

texture 1 a 2

bulk density (ph) I a 2

porosity 1 a 2

field capacity 1 a 2

percolation 1 a 2

Sil/SjudgePhyical

texture 1 a 2

bulk density (pj 1 a 2

porosity 1 a 2

field capacity 1 a 2

percolation 1 a 2

total heterotrophs 3 b,c,d 1 composite/pile(non-sludge pile)

total heterotrophs 3 b,c,d 1 composite/pile(sludge pile)

hydrocarbon degraders 3 b,c,d I composite/pile(non-sludge pile)

EAFB Soil Composting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. #10

TABLE 4. SAMPLE PARAMETERS AND SAMPLING SCHEDULE

Measurement parameter Sampling .When to Number of samples perFrequency sample sampling occurrence

(times)

hydrocarbon degraders 3 b,c,d 1 composite/pile(sludge pile)

Contaminant Analyzes

TPHG 3 . b,c,d 6/pile

TPHD 3 b,c,d 6/pile

BTEX 3 b,c,d 6/pile

TCLP lead I b 6/pile

time continuous continuous N/A

temperature N/A daily 6 thermocouples/pilevacuum '~ 3 bi-weekly 3 readings

liquid level N/A daily 1 reading

air flow at3 bi-wekldy - 3-readings

Oxygen level at 3 b,c,d 3 readings

soil pH 4 a~b,c,d 6/pile

soil Moisture 3 biweekly 6/pile at times b,c,d and.2/pile at intermediate times

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 3 b,c,d 6/pile

total Phosphorous 3 b,c,d 6/pile

EmisiotnsVolatile Organic 2 b,t t

Compounds in blower air

leachate TPHG 2 b,c I

leachate TPHD 2 b,c IleachateBTEX 2 b,c 1

44

EAFB Soil Composing Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 110

ii - ~~a = when the excavated soil is initially available* ~~~b = when the compost piles have been initially constructed (before blower startup)

c = first week of Augustd = first week of' September (closure)t = This will be a series of measurements taken over approximately 3 weeks, followed by

periodic monitoring based on the results of the first three weeks.t = The contaminant analyses schedule may be altered depending on the contaminants

determined in the site ST58 investigation.

.21 Sampling/Masurement Boujoment and Procedures

7.3.1 Soil SamplingSoil sampling will be done according to the schedule in Table 4 to provide samples for

the following analyses: total heterotrophs, hydrocarbon degraders, TPHG, TPHD, BTEX,TCLP lead, soil pH, soil moisture, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and total phosphorous.

Eajjipmcntv The equipment required for soil sampling is:* 4 hand Auger (Brainard Kilman)*8 oz. gas tight, wide mouth jars, one per sample (Environmental Sampling Supply)*extraction vials for TPH and BTEX analyses*sterile test tubes

Locagon The location for soil sampling will be determined as shown in -Figure 18. - Onesample will betWmnfrom each of six sections of acompost pile alonlgthecenlter 2 feeSamples taken at different times will be taken 12 inches apart (from the center point). Thepurpose of sampling in these locations is to directly compare the biodegradation of contaminants.fhe variation width wise islikelyto bemuch less thari itis longitudinally since thewidth isonly13 feet (versuis 86 feet). Statistical analysis will still be applicable for determining if the treatedsoil meets cleanup standards CWDOE, July 1991].

7.3.2 Leachare SamplingLeachate will be sampled to provide samples for TPHG, TPHD, and BTEX analyses.

Ewjigment The equipment required for leachate sampling is:*250 ml gas tight jars, one per sample (ESS)

45


T12 ft

12.3 it

12.3 ft

-- 4 +------12.3 ft

4) ~~~~~~12.3 ft

--ii---*---------- +ut .i 4~~~~~123 ft

2ft-z_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ ~ ~~~~~ i f t

* 1st sampling event* 2nd sampling event* 3rd sampling event

Flgur 18. Soil sampling locations for a compost pile. Not to scale.

46

EAFB Soil Composing Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 110

Loctinon Leachate samples wUil be taken from the main storage tanks.

Proceure According to the schedule in Table 4, leachate samples will be taken from the mainstorage tanks. A vial wil be filled from the sampling port in the pipeline leading out of thestorage tanks and to the leachate redistribution pump (Figure 19). Samples shall be taken afterthe leachate redistribution pump has been operated for a minute or two and then shut off. Thisprocedure will be used so that the sample will be taken from liquid which was in the storageranks versus liquid which was in the piping.

7.3.3 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)Volatile organic compounds in the blower air at the outlet of the GAC will be monitored

to insure they are being adsorbed to the granular activated carbon (GAC). The inlet air to theGAC will be monitored to estimate the amount of loading of organic compounds onto the GAC.

Storage Tank

CentrifugalPump forIeaehateredistribution

Tp view of tee &sampling part

. ~~Fligure 19. Diagram of the leachate samplig port.

47

EAFB Soil Composting Work Plan 1/29/9% Druft Rev. PlO

Photoionization Detector (PfID) (Hazco)Calibration gas (Hazco)

LocaUtio Sampling will be done both upstream and downstream of the GAC canister.Sampling ports will be located as shown in Figure 20.

Procdure The PM) will be calibrated with the calibration gas according to the manufacturer'sinstructions before each sample is taken. While the blower is in operation the PID probe willbe inserted into thiesample port. A measurement will be read after the PIDhas had time toequilibrate. Equilibration time is according to the manufacturer's instructions.

anifold to GAC~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~arud ygr

Se~nof Tee showing

FIgure 20. VOC sampling port locations and detail. T7here is a sample port on eachpipe exiting the GAC canisters.

48

BAFB Soil Composting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 110

7.3.4 Oxygen concentrationOxygen concentration will be measured in the air pipes to help determine the blower

cycle and for use in estimating degradation rates.

Egniprnento* Oxygen meter (Teledyne)

LocaUQon Oxygen will be measured in the air pipes at the point where the pipes exit from thecompost piles. A sample port (Figure 21) will be used to insert the oxygen probe.

Proceurm~ The oxygen meter will be calibrated according to the manufacturer's instructions.The oxygen probe will be inserted into the sample port and allowed to equilibrate. A readingwill then be taken during blower operation and the time of the reading will be noted.

7.3.5 TemperatureTemperature will be monitored in the compost piles for use as a process control variable

and to keep the temperature in the compost piles within the proper range.

Pea gravel

strLd. tscr~~ew slat ft

ozyg~~m maer t~ube

Seunof Tee showing

oxygen apigtb

FIgure 21. Oxygen meter sampling ports and detail

49

RAPE Soil Compwting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. #10

* 25 Type T;' sheathed thermocouple probes (Cole Parmer)* Thermocouple thermometer (Cole Parmer)* 2-10 thermocouple switchbox (Cole Panmer)* Type T thermocouple wire (Cole Parmer)-* Hot plate* 2 beakers (SO MI)* ice

Locatiow Temperature readings will be taken in the four compost piles at various depths.Figure 13 shows the location of the thermocouples for a single compost pile. Thermocoupleswill be placed in all compost piles at the same relative locations. One thermocouple will be usedto measure the anmbient air temperature away from any extraneous heat sources or sinks.

Proceure: Each thermocouple will be initially calibrated using a two point calibration (boilingwater at lO0'C, ice water at OtC). The thermocouples shall be installed at their respectivepositions during construction of the compost piles and will be covered with soil to lessen theamount of disturbance due to the further construction of the compost piles. The thermocouplewire shall be placed in an accessible location (which is sheltered from potential disturbances) forlater wiring to the thermocouple switchbox.

Once construction of the compost piles is finished and the thermocouples have beenplaced, the temperature shall be taken according to the schedule in Table 4. The thermometershall be connected to the thermocouple switchbox and the temperature from the firstthermocouple will be read. Then the switchbox shall be switched to the next thermocouple anda reading will be taken and so on. The-thermocouple reading shall-be taken when a stable value-is displayed. The time of the reading shall also be noted.

7.3.6 ThmThere are two time measurements to be taken, one is the calendar time (minutes, hours,

days, months) and the other is an elapsed time (e.g. for blower cycle determination).

FEwupment* clock or watch* stopwatch or watch

Locaion: Not Applicable

Poedure For blower operation cycle, see section 6. 1. The time when any sample ormeasurement is take shall be noted along with the sample or measurement number. A singledigital clock will be used to record times of sampling or measurements (to put everything on astandard system). The time of initiation of system operation shall be noted when the blower isO ~~~first started up. The time of completion of each compost pile also should be noted.

50

EAFB Sod Composting Work Plan 1129/93, Draft Rev. 510

7.3.7 VacuumThe vacuum being pulled by the blowe r shall be monitored according to the schedule in

Table 4. It is important to monitor the vacuum to make sure the system is functioning properly.

Ewuipment:9 Magnehelic vacuum/pressure gauges (Dwyer)

Loctinn The Magnehelic pressure gauges shall be located at the end of the air piping furthestfrom the blower, at the exit from the compost piles and just prior to the blower, as shown inFigure 15.

Proceure: The vacuum gauges shall be installed according to the manufacturer's instructions.Once instailed, the gauges shall be read while the blower is in operation.

7.3.8 Air FlowAir flow shall be monitored according to the schedule in Table 4. Air flow is used as

a process monitoring parameter.

Pitot tube (Dwyer)

* ~~Loctine Thepitot will be placed ia aport atthe poinitshownlin Figurel5according to thCmanufacturer' s instructions.

Procedure A reading will be taken to determine the air flow velocity (from which thevolumetric flow rate can be calculated).

7.3.9 Liquid LevelThe liquid level in the sumnp tanks and the main storage tanks wil be monitored to avoid

overflow.

mete stick

LIation. Measurements shall be made from the top of the tanks to the liquid level.

Proceure Measure the distance from dhe top of die tanks to die liquid level. This

measurement is for process control and to insure tha the vessel does not overflow.

Si

* ~~~EAPE Sodl Composting Work Plan 1f29/9l. Draft Rev. #10

24 Analytical Plan (Schedule, Equiornent. and Procedures)

Parameters requiring analytical determinatiqn are listed in Table 4. Analytical analyses will beperformed in accordance with sample holding, extraction, and analysis periods required byregulation. Detection limits and methods are also listed in section 6.0 of the QAPP in AppendixA.

7.4.1 TextureThe texture of the excavated, contaminated soil and the contaminated soil/sludge mixture

shall be noted by visual observation.

7.4.2 Bulk Density (p&)The bulk density of the excavated, contaminated soil and the soil/sludge mixture shall be

determined using ASTM method D-1556-90.

7.4.3 PorosityPorosity of the excavated, contaminated soil and 'the soil/sludge mixture shall be

determined using method 18-2. 1 in Methods of Soil Analysis, Pant I [(Mute, 1982].

7.4.4 Field CapacityField capacity of the excavated, contaminated soil and the soil/sludge mixture shall be

determined using method 26-8.1 in Methods of Soil Analysts, Pan) [Kl~ute, 1982].

7.4S PercolationPercolation of both the excavated, contaminated soil and the sail/sludge mixture shall be

determined using a method developed interhaly at'PNL.

7.4.6 Total HeterotrophiTotal heterotroph counts will be determined for soil samples from the compost pile and

the excavated, contaminated soil using method 37-5.2 (modified) in Methods of Soil AnalystsPant 2 [Page, 1982].

7.4.7 hydrocarbon DegradersMficrobe counts for hydrocarbon degraders will be determined for soil samples from the

compost pile and the excavated, contaminated soil using method 37-5.2 (modified) in Methodsof Soil Analysis, Part 2 [Page, 1982].

7.4.8 TPHGTPHG shall be determined for soil and aqueous samples according to method WDOE

TPHG.

52

EAFB Soil Composing Work Pian 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 110

7.4.9 TPHD* . ~~~TPIHD shall be determined for soil and aqueous samples according to method WDOE

TPHD.

7.4. 10 fflflBTEX shall be determined for soil and aqueous samples according to EPA method 8020.

7.4.11 Sludge InterferenceSludge interference shall be determined as a part of the TPH, BTEX and TCLP lead

analyses.

7.4.12 7TCLP Le*adTCLP lead shall be determined for soil samples according to EPA method 7241.

7.4.13 Soil pHSoil pH shall be determined for soil samples according to EPA method 9045.

7.4.14 Soil MoistureSoil moisture shall be determined for soil samples according to method 22-2.2 in

Methods of Soil Analysis, Part I (flute, 1982].. 7.~~4.15 Tow)l lielda/il Nitrogen TICN)TKN shall be determined for soil samples according to EPA method 351.2.

7.4.16 Total Phosphorous I

Total phosphorous shall be determined for soil samples according to EPA method 365. 1.

Z1 OA/OCPla

The QA/QC plan for measurements/sampling involves 1) following good scientific practices asstaled in PNL-MA-70, 2) following the procedures outlined in section 7.4 and Appendix C ofthis Work Plait, and 3) following the guidelines given in the QAPP in Appendix A of this WorkPlan.

L6 Data nalyt

Data analysis shall be conducted according to accepted methods. The results from the analysis

will undergo an internal technical review.

53

. ~~~EAR Soil Composting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. DIG

21 Rwrne

All data will be recorded in a Laboratory Record Book (LRB). During operation of the soilcomposting system, the LR.B will be located at the site of the system. All analytical results willbe incorporated into (or attached to) the LRB as soon as possible, signed, and dated.

8.0 HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN (HSP) - SITE SPECIFC

This section is the site-specific health and safety plan for this demonstration. The primarydocument covering health and safety at Eielson ALFB is the Site Management Plan, Appendix C:Health and Safety Plan (HISP) (April 19, 1992) (referred to as the SMPIHSP). This SMPIHSPdocument should be used as an overall guide. The following subsections of this Work Planpertain to the soil composting demonstration and the accompanying site and procedures.

8I Pojc E LSumm

This HISP is for the project entited 'Demonstration of Soil Composting for Remediation ofHydrocarbon Contaminated Soil at Eielson Air Force Base.' This project involves theremediation of hydrocarbon (gasoline and diesel) contaminated soil from site ST 58 at EAFB in

* ~~Fairbanks, Alaska. The soil will have been excavated and will be remnediated in pilesapproximately 86 feet by 13 feet by 6 feet. Remediation will occur via enhanced biodegradationof the contaminants. Construction is expected to begin at the start of June 1993. Operation ofthe soil composting system is expected to run from -the start of July 1993I-until -the- middle of-September 1993. -

Construction will involve using heavy equipment to scrape out a compost plot area of roughly86 feet by 13 feet. One-,foot-high earthen barns will be constructed to surround the compostplot area. Liner will be laid out in the compost plot area. Contaminated soil will be mixed withsludge (from the EAFB wastewater treatment plant) and nutrients and will be deposited in a p~ilein the compost plot area.

Operation will involve running a blower system to aerate the compost piles. Engineered featureswill provide a means for leachate collection. Soil samples will be taken for analyzingcontaminant degradation. Temperature and process parameters also will be monitored.

L2A plabeR ldm

Regulations referred to in the SMP/HSP will be adhered to where applicable. This includes

applicable provisions of the most recent revisions of the following regulations and guidelines:

54,

* ~~~EAFB Soil Composting Work Plan 1/29f93. Draft Rev. #10

* 05114 Safety and Health Standards 29 CFR 1910 (General Industry, U.S. Dept. ofLabor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Especially OSHA 29 CFR1910.120, Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response.

* OSHA Safety and Health Standards 29 CFR 1926 (Construction Industry), U.S. Dept.of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

* Standard Operating Safery Guidelines, U.S. EPA, ]Environmental Response Branch,Hazardous Response Support Division, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.

* Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manualfor Hazardous Waste Site Activities,U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for DiseaseControl, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

L3 Corprate Health and Safety Policies

This project will operate in accordance with PNL-MA-43.

L4 Credible Risks and Mitigation

O ~~~Hazard Control Measure SMP/HSPreference

Slipping or falling Personnel will use extreme caution. -- Section 8.1.3-around frozen or wet areas and willwear boots that have good traction.

Back injury/muscle strain Use proper lifting techniques. If Section 8.1.4necessary, mechanical lifting aids willbe made available.

Falling or flying objects Hard hats (during constrution only) Section 8.1.5and saety glasses (all times) will beworn.

Noise Personnel will wear hearing protection Section 8.1.6and monitor noise levels duringconstruction operations.

Moving Vehicles Safety vests will be worn by personnel Section 8.1.7working on the site duringconstruction. A fence will limit accessto the site.

55

EAFB sodl composting Work Plan 1/29/93. Draft Rev. *10

Hazard Control Measure M/Sreference

Body/eye contact with Goggles and nitrile butadiene rubber Section 8.2wastewater (leachate, gloves will be warn.decontamination water)

Body/eye contact or Nitrile butadiene rubber gloves and Section 8.2inhalation of solvent used safety glasses will be worn when usingfor TPH analysis the analyzer. Use analyzer in a well

vented location.

Volatile or explosive Equipment will be explosion proof -

atmospheres

Mosquitos Full length clothing will be warnt, head Section 8.4.2nets will be made available andmosquito repellent will be used.

j~Engineering Controls and Sunort Systems

Decontamination locations, instructions, maintenance and other engineering controls are yet toO ~~be determined.

LA ProtecionDLevel

This project is expected to require- level D protection during construction and sampling.Otherwise, safety shoes and safety glasses shall be minimum protection. For level D protection,PPE listed in Table 3, section 1 1.0 of SMP/HSP shall be used. This includes rubber, steel-toedboots, outer and inner gloves, safety glasses, cotton or tyvek coveralls and hard hats.

%7 Tools and Eauipmien

A 1fitness for safec use plan is to be determined.

Personnel Monitoring and Sampling Protocols

Not expected to be required; contamtination levels are expected to be low.

SiteContol

The site is bounded by an eight-foot-high, chain link fence. There is an access gate which willbe locked during non-business hours. The site is further restricted access by the fact that it is. ~~located on an Air Force Base, which also provides access control.

56

EAPE Soil Composting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 110

LD Health and Safety Personnel

The site supervisor shall be responsible for health and safety. When the site supervisor isabsent, his/her designee will be responsible. The responsible site health and safety person willbe posted along with other health and safety information in a prominent location.

LUi Health and Safety Training

Personnel working on the site will have the appropriate training according to PNL-MA-43. This

includes the 40 hour RCRA hazardous waste training class.

£2 Subcontractor and Associate Contractor Controls

For each portion of work performed by a subcontractor of PNL'EMO, a statemeni of work willbe provided that delineates the scope- of work, responsibilities of the parties involved, andcriteria for acceptable performance of work. Thus, subcontractors will be held accountable forsatisfactory completion of the work described in the respective statement of work under thesupervision of PNL. Primarily, the PNL site supervisor will be responsible for daily interactionsand control of the subcontractor(s). Primary contracting of construction and operation serviceswill be the responsibility of the primary construction contractor (EA).

O £13L IncidenLR rtng

All safety-related incidents and incidents that may have a significant impact on successfulcompletion of the project will be reported--to the PNL site supervisor andPNL project- manager -

within 24 hours and the EAFB project manager and EMO project manager within 48 hours ofthe incident. All incidents will be recorded in the project LRB. As necessary, appropriatedocumentation of injuries or conditions treated at EAPB health Naeilities will be completed.

La4 Site DiarraM and Locations of Eauinment

See Figure 22 for the location of* Fire Extinguishers * Drinking Water* Stretcher and bl~ane Respirators (cartridge)* Eyewash* First Aid Kit

Evacuation routes also are shown on the diagram. This diagram will be posted prominentlylocations at the work site.

57

EAFB Soil COmposting Work PMm 1/29093. Rev. 510

14

.4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1

'4I Compost Pile #1 I4CU.y'4 l~~~~~~45acu. yd...I

~~ Sump~~~ank ~Mixing Area

'4.

.4~GC50 c. d

Compost Pile #2'4 m~~~~ji ~145 cu. yd.ISolAcmatn

EE

Compost Pile #43Bciie14S cu. yd. .

________________________________________Area _ ..

phone~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.

E~ ~~~~~~~a

Z V~~~igr 22 oaino.mrec4qupetadpoenmes

*U58 2S ~'

SAFB Soil Composting Work Pla 1/29/93, Draft Rev. #10

j5 Emergency Contacts (Telerhone Numbers')

The list of emergency contacts will be posted at prominent locations at the work site.

Project Manager(PNL) Mike Truex 509-372-1220

Program Manager(EMO) Ron Smith 509-376-5831

Project Manager (EAFB) Dave Blevins 907-377-1802

Site Supcrvisor(PNL) Chris Johnson Beeper

Contractor (construction) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Eielson Medical and Dental 911 or 377-2296Center

EAFB Fire Department 911 or 377-4266

EAFB Security 911 or 377-5130

Ambulance 911 or 377-2296. ~~~Explosives Unit 911 or 377-1654

Poison Control Center 456-7182

Fairbanks Memorial Hospital 45 1-8181

Eielson Utilities 377-1856

9.0 WASTE MANAGEMIENT

Soils used in this project are potentially contaminated with hydrocarbons (gasoline and diesel)and isopropanol. Waste management will proceed in accordance with PNL-MA-8, Wastemanagement Guide.

21 Potential Waste Materials

Potential waste materials include* aqueous leachate* Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)

59

SAFB Soil Cotmposting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. #10

* analytical wastes* decontamination fluids* personal protection equipment (PPE)

9.).) Solid WastesSolid wastes include thePPE. PPE items such as gloves, tyvek, coveralls, and respirator

cartridges may become contaminated during on-site activities. It is estimated that level C PPEwill be required less than 10% of the time. Level D PPE will be required during constructionand sampling. Safety glasses and safety boots will be required when normal operation isunderway. PPE which is grossly contaminated or that cannot be adequately decontmiinated willbe containerized for characterization and disposal. The total volume of contaminated PPE willprobably not exceed 7 ft3 (approximately one 55-gallon drum).

Solid wastes also include the GAC from the blower system. The GAC is used to controlhydrocarbon (BTEX) emiissions from air drawn through the soil compost piles. It is estimatedthat 800 pounds of GAC (200 pounds per GAC canister) will be contaminated during theoperation of the blower system. Additionally, leachate redistribution soaker hoses may becomeplugged and therefore be discarded as solid waste.

9.1.2 Liquid WantesLiquid wastes potentially result from leachate runoff from the soil compost piles and from

decontamination of equipment and materials. The total amount of leachate waste is estimatedto be 300 gallons. The total amount of decontamination waste is estimated to be 1000 gallons.These wastes will be combined and either redistributed onto the'soil compost piles-or sent to theEAFB wastewater treatment plant.

For any PNL analyses, analytical wastes will result from analyses of the soil and leachate.These analtical wastes will be collected ina satellite collection area inlroom ll of the 324Building in the 300 Area of the Hanford Reservation, Richland, WA. Once the collectioncontainer is filled, the waste container contents will be documented on a chemicaldisposal/recycle request form (including supporting analytical data, as needed). Thedisposal/recycle request form will be submitted to the PNL Laboratory Safety WasteManagement section for acceptance and transfer to Building 305-B. It is estimated that less than10 gallons of analytical waste will be generated by PNL analytical activities.

The primary construction and operations contractor will be responsible for other analyticalwastes which are generated as a part of the primary contractor's activities.

60

EAFB Soil Composting Work Plain . 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 110

2,2 ReL nsnibilitie

The primary construction and operations contractor will be responsible for the following

activities:

* containerizing of wastes* sampling of wastes* analyses of samples for waste characterization

EAFB will be responsible for the following activities:

* obtaining disposal approval at an EPA certified disposal facility for any wastescharacterized as hazardous

* labeling, overpacling, and transporting wastes to the appropriate facility* documenting the above activities

Wastes will be disposed of in accordance with all applicable local, state, and federal regulations(see 40 CFlR 262.34, time limidts; 40 CFR 262.31-32, labeling and marking; and 49 CFRl 173and 178, transportation).. ii~~E WaseContainerEAFB will provide 55-gallon drums for solid wastes and waste containers (such as Baker orFRAC tanks) for liquid wastes which are generated during remedial demonstration activities.EAFB shall. verify that waste containers, are free of any -ontarrinants or wastes from previoususes. Containers shall be delivered .to the site of the soil composting demonstration and shallbe left on site until completion of waste management activities.

24 Di~sl Actvta

GAC will be returned to the manufacturer for regeneration or incinerated by EAFB under theresponsibility of EAFB. PPE will be sent to an EPA certified disposal facility. Leachate anddecontamination liquids will either be redistributed onto the soil composting piles or sent to theEAFB wastewater treatment facility, as appropriate. Analytical wastes will be disposed ofaccording to PNL procedures outlined in PaL-MA-S and section 8.1.2 of this Work Plan.

61

. S~~~AFE Soil Composing Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. #10

10.0 DATA MANAGEMENT and REPORTING~

ifid iaW

The units to be used in reports are as follows:

English measurements for length, volume, flow, pressure, and mass, specifically:

* feet and inches for length* gallons and ft3 for volume* cfh and cfm and gpm for flow* psig for pressure* lb for mass

l-Metric units for concentrations, rates, temperature, and vacuum, specifically:

* mg/L for aqueous concentrations* mgtkg for soil concentrations* mg/(kg 'day) for hydrocarbon degradation

.Gaseous concentrations as follows:* ppm for hydrocarbons (parts per million, e.g. gJL, by volume)* percent (%) for 02 concentrations (percent by volume)-

LabLBooks

A laboratory record book (LRB) will be maintained during the field demonstration and testing.I RB will be used by authorized project personnel to record all events pertaining to site

activities including sampling, process conditions, equipment failure, location of sample sires,calibration and other pertinent information.

IQA EguipwmetManual

A binder will be maintained on site and will contain the instruction manuals for all equipmentused for the soil composting demonstration. This binder shall be marked 'Equipment Manual?'and shall be kept in the test shed.

IDA Lwrt

10.3.1 Mont*l Reports

PNL will provide monthly progress reports to WEA during both phases of this project

62

BAAED Soil Compesting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. 010

10.3.2 Major ReporsPNL will submit a dr-aft Sail Composting Work Plan (this document) and a draft Soil

Composting Design to EAFB an January 11, 1993 and to ADEC and the EPA by January 29,1993.

PNL will submit the revised Work Plan and design to EAFB, ADEC, and the EPA on March9, 1993.

PNL will submit a draft final report to EAFB, ADEC, and the EPA on a date to be determined.

PNL will submit a final report to EAFB on a date to be determined.

11.0 REGULATORY COMIPLIANCE

To be determined.

12.0 PROJECT TEIMELINE

The major milestones for this project are as follows:

10/1/92 Notice to proceed

1/11/93 Complete Draft Composting Work Plan and Design for submittal to EAFB

1/29/93 Submit draft plans to ADEC and EPA

2/26193 Obtain ADEC, EPA, and EAFB comments on draft plans

4/9/93 Submit Revised Work Plan and Design to EAFB, ADEC, and EPA

5/31/93 Begin construction of the compost system and initial site characterization

7/12193 Begin soil treatment

9/3/93 Planned completion of soil treatment

TBD Submit draft of the final report to EAFE, ADEC, and EPA

TBD Approval of Treatment Closure Statement. ~~TBD Submit Final Report and Compost System Design Document

63

EAFB Soil Compoeting Work Plan 1/29/93. Draft Rev. #10

13.0 REFERENCES

CH2M Hill. February 3, 1992. Elelson Air Forca Base Innovative Technology DemonstrationProject: Enhanced Composting Field Test. Final Report. CV032592.CO prepared by CH2MHill for Pacific Northwest Laboratories Environmental Management Organization, Richland,WA.

CH2M Hill. June 17, 1991. Remedial lnvestigationlFeasibility Study Site Management Plan,Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska. Volume L. Draft. CVORI57 prepared by CH2M Hill forPacific Northwest Laboratories Environmental Management Organization, Richland, WA.

CH2M Hill. April 19, 1992. Site Management Plan, Eielson Air Force Base. Appendix C:Health and Safety Plan. Revision 5. CVOR278 prepared by CH2M Hill for Pacific NorthwestLaboratories Environmental Management Organization, Richland, WA.

CH2M Hil. February 14, 1992. SER Sampling and Analysis Report, Eielson Air Force Base,Alaska. Draft. CVOR272 prepared by CH2M HUIl far Pacific Northwest LaboratoriesEnvironmental Management Organization, Richland, WA.

Ayorinde, O.A. and C.M. Reynolds. March 1991. Low-Temperature Effects on the Design. ~~and Performance of Composting of Fsplosives-Coraaminated Soils. CRREL Report 91-4prepared by the US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and EngineeringLaboratory for the US Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency, Aberdeen ProvingGround, MD.

Breed, C.E., K.E. McGill, M.C. Crim, and C.W. Brown. March 1991. Process and EconomicFeasib ilqr of Using Composting Technology to Treat Waste Mirocellulose flnes. CETHA-TE-CR-91012 prepared by the Tennessee Valley Authority for the US Army Toxic and H azardousMaterials Agency, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.

Ziegenfuss, P.S., R.T. Williams, and C.A. Myler. 1991. 'Hazardous Materials Composting."

J. of Hazardous Materials 28 (1991): 91-99.

Pfeiffer, K. and T. Kalaghan. 'Soil Remediation by Composting.' Provided by EAFB.

Kamnikar, B. *Bioremediation of Excavated Petroleum Contaminated Sail." Provided byEAFB.

Golueke, C.G. and L.F. Diaz. 1990. Understanding the Basics of Composting. ' Biocycle 31(4): 56-59.

64

. BA~~EAF Soil Compo~ang Work Pla 1/29/93, Dmft Rev. #10

Clesceri, L.S., A.E. Greenberg, and R.R. Trussell, edst 1989. Standard Methods for the&xamination of Water and Wastewater. 17'h ed. pp##. American Public Health Association,American Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington, D.C.

Author#. 1982. '# * In Methods of Soil Analysis, Pant 2 - Chemical and Microbial Properties.2"d ed. eds. A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, and D.R. Keeney, pp. #1. American Society ofAgronomy, Inc. and Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, WI.

Author#. 1982. VI. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Parr 1 - Physical and MineralogicalMethods. 2"ded. eds. A. Klute, pp. 0#. American Society of Agronomy, Inc. and Soil ScienceSociety of America, Inc., Madison, WI.

29 CFR 1910. 1990. U.S. Dept. of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration."OSHA Safety and Health Standards (General Industry)." U.S. Code of Federal Regulations.

29 CFR 1926. 1990. U.S. Dept. of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration."OSHA Safety and Health Standards (Construction Industry).' U.S. Code of FederalRegulations.

US EPA, Environmental Response Branch, Hazardous Response Support Division, Office ofEmergency and Remedial Response. "Standard Operating Safety Guidelines.' Latest revision.

U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control,National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 'Occupational Safety and HealthGuidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities.' Latest revision.---- -

40 CFR 262.34. 1990. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 'Accumulation Time.' U.S.Code of Federal Regulations.

40 CFR 262.31-262.32. 1990. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 'Labeling' and'Markdng.' U.S. Code of Federal Regulations.

49 CFR 173. 1990. Research and Special Programs Administration, U.S. Department ofTransportation. 'Shippers-General Requirements for Shipments and Packagings.' U.S. Codeof Federal Regulations.

49 CFR 178. 1990. Research and Special Programs Administration, U.S. Department ofTransportation. 'Shipping container specifications.' U.S. Code of Federal Regulations.

PNL-MA-S. Latest revision. Waste Management and Enwironmemtal Compliance. PacificNorthwest Laboratories, Richland, WA.

65

SAFB Soil Composting Work Plan 1/29/93, Draft Rev. #10

PNL-MA-43. Latest revision. Health and Safety Management. Pacific Northwest Laboratories,Richland, WA.

Parr, I.F. and S.B. Hornick. 1992. 'Utilization of Municipal Wastes." Chapter 19 in SoilMicrobial Ecology: Applications in Agricultural and Environmental Management, ed. F.B.Metting, Jr., pp. 545-559. Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York, NY.

Miller, P.C. 1992. "Composting as a Process Based on the control of Ecologically SelectiveFactors." Chapter 18 in Soil Microbial Ecology: Applications in Agricultural andEnvironmental Management, ed. F.B. Metting, Jr., pp. 515-544. Marcel Dekker, Inc.: NewYork, NY.

Washington Department of Ecology (WDOE). July 1991. Guidance for Remediation ofReleases from Underground Storage Tanks. WDOE: Olympia, WA. pp. 87-89.

Pacific Northwes Laboratory (PNL). 1992. Source Area Closure Work Plan: Source AreaST38, Old Quartermaster Service Station. PNa: Richland, WA.

66

APPENDIX A

Quality Assurance Project Plan

. ~~~QA Plan WTC-073, Rev.# 1 Rev.Date 1/28/93

QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN

(QAPP)

DJRAFT ]FNAL

DEMONSTRATION OF SOIL COMIPOSTING FOR RELMBDIATION OFHYDROCARBON CONTAMINATED SOIL

ATEIELSON AIR FORCE BASE

FAIRBANKS, ALASKA

Issue Date: January 29, 1993

. ~~R Smith, Program Manager (Concurrence) Date

MJ Truex, Project Manager (Concurrence) Date

KR Martin, Process Quality (Concurrence) Date

JC Work, EMO Quality Assurance (Concurrence) Date

. S~~E McGarrah, Group Leader, Proces Hardware (Concurrence) Date

. ~~QA Plan WTC-073, Rev.# 1 Rev.Datc 1/28/93

2.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS & QA PROJECT PLAN DISTRIBUTION

Sec1ion Section Title

I TILEPAGE.................................. A-1

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS........................... A-2

3 INTRODUCTION............................... A-3

4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION.......................... A-4

5 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES ... A-4

6 QA OBJECTIVES AND QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS FORMEASUREMENT DATA........................... A-6

7 SAMPLING AND LABORATORY PROCEDURES ......... A-15

8 SAMPLE CUSTODY AND FIELD DOCUMENTATION ... A46

9 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY........A-16

10 DATA REDUCTON, VALIDATION AND REPORTING.. A-17

1 1 SURVEILLANCES AND AUDiTS.................... A-20

12 SPECIFIC ROUTINE PROCEDURES USED TOASSESS DATA PRECISION, ACCURACY, ----

COMPARABILITY AND COMPLETENESS............. A-20

13 CORRECTIVE ACTION.......................... A-21

14 QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT 4. A21

15 RECORDS................................... A-21

16 PROCUREMENT CONTROL....................... A-22

17 STAFF TRAINING.............................. A-22

18 DOCUMENT CONTROL.......................... A-22

OA Plan Distribution ListR Smith KR MartinFB Metting JE McGarrahMI Truer. ~~JC Work

A-2

QA Plan WTC-073, Rev.# 1 Rev.Date 1/28/93

3.0 INTRODUCTION

3. lesL

Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) for the Project: Demonstration of SoilComposting for Remediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil at Eielson Air ForceBase, Fairbanks, Alaska.

Pacific Northwest Laboratories will provide a demonstration of biological compostingtechnology using 500 cubic yards of soil contaminated with gasoline and diesel fuels.PNL will concurrently provide a generic design for a biological composting system forEielson Air Force Base. The administration of this project is under the direction ofEnvironmental Management Operations (EMO), Pacific Northwest Laboratories.

3f3Client*

U.S. Air Force (USAF), Eielson Air Force Base

3.4 Authorizing Document:

SOW 1 1003-1, Rev. A0, WO/WP M95216, October 16, 1992

3.5 QA Requirements Soecification(s):

ASME NQA-l AS DELINEATED IN PNL-MA-70 andDOE 5700.6C

Impact Level HI activities shall comply with the applicable requirements, asappropriate for work being performed, in Parts I and 3 of PNL-MA-70. If otherquality-related activities are later performed, the appropriate PNL-MA-70requirements and procedures shall be applied, unless specifically excluded.

3.6 QA Program/Oreaanization:,

T7he PNL QA Program conforms to the requirements of ASME NQA-1 as interpretedby Parts 1 and 3 of PNL-MA-70, Quality Assurance Manual. PNL-MA-70 alsoconforms to the majority of the requirements in DOE 5700.6C. PNL is incorporatingthe principles of 5700.6C into the TQM initiative and expects implementation to beginin 1994.

A-3

* ~~QA Plan WTC-073, Rev.# 1 Rev.Date 1/28/93

The Project Organization, with key personnel identified, is located in Exhibit 5. 1 (in

section 5.0 of this QAPP).

3.7 wRaaLer

The Eielson AFB Biological Composting System has been classified overall as Impact

Level (I1L) M.4.0 . PROJECT DESCRIPTION

This QAPP addresses all of the various types of activities that will be performed to provide abiological composting system for Eielson Air Force Base. QA/QC information regardingsampling and sample analysis can be found in section 6.0 of the Work Plan entitled"Demonstration of Soil Composting for Remediation of Hydrocarbon Contamidnated Soil" aswell as section 6.0 of this QAPP.

C 1 b.ecivC

The objectives of this biological composting demonstration project are to:

* Demonstrate that soil composting is an effective method for remediatinghydrocarbon contamination of soil

* Demonstrate that soil composting is a-cost effective soil remediation:alternative

* Demonstrate that elevated temperatures and enhanced remediation areattained and maintained when sludge is amended to the compost pile

* Develop a generic soil composting system design which can be used in thefuture in a variety of scenarios

4.2Aw~roch

The technical approach for meeting the objectives of Section 4.1 shall be documentedin the Work Plan entitled 'Demonstration of Soil Composting for Remediation ofHydrocarbon Contaminated Sofl and this QAPP.

5.0 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND RFSPONSIBILITIES

* ~~Line authority, Quality Assurance authority, support within PNL, and interfaces with the

A-4

. ~~~QA Plan W~TC-073, Rev.# 1 Rev.Date 1/28/93

USAF are shown in Exhibit 5. 1. T1he responsibilities of key PNL personnel are summarizedin Section 5. 1. Laboratories responsible for chemical analyses include PNL and a laboratoryto be determined.

Changes to organizational/interface structures shown in Exhibit 5.1 that do not reflect achange in the overall scope of the activities or a change of requirements will not require aQAPP revision but will be incorporated in the next required revision of the QAPP.

5.1 Resnnsibilities of Key Personnel

Persnnel R~gnsuibild

Program Manager Provides overall direction of the project for EMO, PM.,,(R Smith) and the client. Ensures that all project objectives are

accomplished in a timely manner and within the programbudget. Assigns qualified staff to the project. Has directcontact with the PNL Quality Engineer and the client.

Project Manager Provides planning and management assistance to Program(Ml Truex) Manager by developing planning documents, directing

day-to-day activities to accomplish the programobjectives, and coordinating tasks, personnel, andschedules. Manages the budget, investigates suspectresults, and reviews records. Contributes relevant taskinformation to the final technical memoranda.

Project Staff(CD Johnson, RtS Perform sampling activities in accordance with methodsSkeen, EM Peyton) identified in the planning documents. Review technical

work. Works under supervision of the Project Manager.

Quality Engineer Provides QA support at all levels, in such areas as QA(IC Work, KR requirement guidance and interpretation, audit orMartin) surveillance preparation, development, resolving QA

problems and document review. Also providesindependent oversight to verify the project activities arebeing conducted in a manner consistent with applicablerequirements identified in this QA Plan.

A -S


EXHIBIT 5.1 Project Organization

1ntsta~atton RestorationFroJect Mantager

J. Mattier

Proceu QaIt~y Dept. uoi'oecanager E140 Support

Srolib ~~~~~S. ltuge. ContraetsS. Sonniehsen. Minamces

J. Work. QA/QCJ. idohatt. Health & Safety

he characteistic used" todfiedtaqait-r acrcy-rciin cmltees.this project are discussed below.etMonstr. M

[t 'Vorln I TA-6


Data Quality Objectives (DQO) are qualitative and quantitative goals that are specified toensure that the data obtained has the necessary quality to meet the project's objectives. The

* ~~~project objectives are stated in section 4.1.

Analytical data can be obtained at several different levels. These analytical levels applied toDQOs are defined in the EPA document Data Quality Objectives for Remedial ResponseActivities, Volume 1 (EPA 5401G-87/003A, March 1987. Levels are defined as:

* Level I - field screening or analysis using portable instruments. Results are often notcompound specific and not quantitative, but results are available in real time.

* Level 11 - field analysis using more sophisticated portable analytical instruments; insome cases, instruments may be set up in a mobile laboratory on site. There is a widerange in the quality of the data that can be generated. It depends on the use ofsuitable calibration standards, reference materials, and sample preparation equipmentand on the training of the operator. Results available in real time or several hours.

* Level III - analyses performed in an off-site analytical laboratory. Level III analysesmay or may not use Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) procedures, but do notusually utilize the validation or documentation procedures required of CLP Level IVanalyses. The laboratory may or may not be a CLP laboratory.

* Level IV - analyses performed in an off-site Contract Laboratory Program (CLP)analytical laboratory. CU' procedures, validation, and documentation are required.

Analytical levels have been assigned for all measurement parameters for the project and areshown in Table 6.1. Information on target detection limits and methods of analysis can alsobe found in Table 6.1. More information on methods and the sampling and analysis planscan be found in the Work Plan entitled 'Demonstration of Soil Composting for Remediatioftof Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil.'

Data packages from the off-site analytical laboratories (to be determined) (Level MI analyses)will be provided by the laboratory in accordance with the Analytical Contract N (to bedetermined) or the appropriate statement of work (to be determined).

Table 6.2 contains the applicable QC measurements and the muiniimumn frequency which themeasurements need to be performed during sampling and analysis.

A-7

" n f l 52 C~~~~~c e

M CO)~~C

C14 ~ ~ ~ ~

0% ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0

- Co ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 Co

*1 C~~~~~~~~~0 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0

V.~~~V '

Oa 04004400

~~Cn 8084 N

o ~ ~ oi

C.;~~~~~~~~

A~ A0< di t - I i u

C4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-

00 ~ ~ ~ 000

.2 ~ ~ ~ 2

0. C~~~~~~~~~~~~0

8 n

- 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~00

' ~~~QA Plan WTC-073, Rev.# 1 Rev.Date 1/28/93

TABLE 6.2

MIynofstamph collection freguency

Field Duplicate 1 per 10 samples (10%)

Equipment Blank 1 per 20 samples (5 %)

Transfer Blank I per 10 samples (10%)

Laboratory Duplicate 1 per 20 samples (5%

Lab Matrix Spike I per 20 samples (5)

Method Blank 1 per 20 samples (5%)

Standard Reference Material 1 per 20 samples (5%

Table 6.3 defines the holding times for soil and water samples. Holding times for soil andwater samples begin on the day of sampling at the time of sampling. The analytical labs

* ~~~shall be notified of these holding times. All samples shall be stored in a cooler with crushedice during sampling operations. Samples will be packaged with blue ice and shipped to theanalytical laboratory where they will be stored in a refrigerator at 40C ± 20C.

TABLE 6.3

Sample Analysis Holding rime

TPHG extract as soon as possible (soil and water)__________________analyze within 14 days (water), 21 days (soil)

TPHD extract within 7 days (water), 14 days (soil)_______________ analyze within 30 days (soil. and water)

BTEX extract as soon as possible (soil and water)analyze within 14 days (soil and water)

Procedures for sample extraction, sample handling, and QC measures for TPH (G and D)and BTEX analyses described in WDOE document 'Guidance for Remediation of Releasesfrom Underground Storage Tanksw CWDOE, 1991] will be followed in this project.

A -Il

. ~~QA Plan WTC-07, Rev.# 1 Rev.Date 1/28/93

fLUQO efniinj

ACCURACY - a measure of the bias of a system or measurement. It is the closenessof agreement between an observed value-and an accepted value.

For this project, accuracy of chemical analysis will be determined through the analysisof matrix spike samples, method blanks, equipment blanks, and, when available,standard reference material (SRKM for water. SRiMs are materials that have beencertified by a recognized authority (e.g., National Institute of Standards andTechnology) and which are treated and analyzed as an actual sample. Matrix spikeswill be performed by adding a known quantity of target analytes into a sample andpreparing and analyzing the sample the same as a regular sample. Method blanks willbe used to measure contamination associated with laboratory processing and analyses.Equipment blanks will be used to measure contamination associated with samplingprocedures. Transfer blanks will be used to measure contamination of the samplesassociated with transportation.

For measurements where matrix spikes are used, percent recovery shall be used.

%R= percent recoveryS =measured concentration in spiked aliquotU =measured concentration in unspiked aliquotCa. actual concentration of spike added

For situations where a SlRM is used, percent difference shall be used.

IFD-100- 4

PD =percent differenceC1 measured valueC2 =certified value

A -12

. ~~QA Plan WTC-07, RevJ I Rev.Date 1/28/93

PRECISION - a measure of mutual agreement among individual measurements of thesame property, usually under prescribed similar conditions.

For this project, measures of analytical precision will be determined by the analysis oflaboratory replicates. Laboratory replicates will be prepared by splitting a sample inthe. laboratory, and carrying the subsanmples through the entire analytical process.Precision is expressed in terms of the relative percent difference (RPD).

RFD C1-C 100

RPD = relative percent differenceC1 = larger of the two observed valuesC 2 = smaller of the two observed values

COMPLETENESS - a measure of the amount of valid data obtained from ameasurement system compared to the amount that was expected to be obtained undernormal conditions.

Target completeness values are 75% for sample collection, and 95% for sampleanalysis. Defined as follows for all measurements:

WC lOO.Znl

%C= percent completenessV =number of measurements judged validn =total number of measurements necessary to achieve a specified statistical

level of confidence in decision making

REPRESENTATIVENESS - expresses the degree to which data accurately andprecisely represent a characteristic of a population, parameter variations at a samplingpoint, a process condition, or an environmental condition.

Representativeness will be addressed primarily in the sample design, through the

A - 13


selection of sampling sites and procedures. Representativeness also will be ensured bythe proper handling and storagq of samples and analysis within the specified holdingtimes so that the material analyzed reflects the material collected as accurately aspossible. Representativeness of data will be discussed, when appropriate, in technicalmemoranda.

COM[PARABILITY - expresses the confidence with which one data set can becompared to another. Data obtained during this investigation should be either directlycomparable or comparable within defined limits to literature, existing data, or anyapplicable criteria.

Comparability of the data will be maintained by using EPA-defined procedures in boththe sampling activities and the analytical methods used. Sampling procedures arediscussed in the June 1992 Field Sampling Plan. Analytical methods and detectionlimits are summarized in Table 6. 1. The DQO's stated in Tables 6.1 and 6.2 areconsistent with the DQO's specified in the Site Management Plan for Eielson AirForce Base (CH2M Hill, 1991) and the Operable Units 3, 4, and 5 Management Plan(CH2M Hill, 1992) to ensure comparability of background data with data generated byCH.2M Hill during operable unit investigations.

6.2 Corrective Action for Results-Outside Established DOOs

Results outside the established criteria in Table 6.1 shall be brought to the attention ofthe Project Manager who shall determine and document the appropriate correctiveaction on a Request For Data Review Form (Attachment 1). These actions mayinclude, but are not limited to, review of data and calculations, flagging of suspectdata or re-analyses of individual or entire batches of samples. The following describesguidelines to be followed when established criteria are not met.

CHEMIfSTRY ANALYSIS

Matrix Spike - All matrix spikce recoveries which are outside the established DQOsshall benoted in the narrative and flagged onlthe final datafleport. In addition, thenumber of results which exceed the range per batch shall be noted to determine if theproblem affects the sample data for that batch and to determine any other appropriatecorrective action.

Replicates - All samples associated with replicates that are outside the establishedcontrol limits will be noted in the narrative and flagged in the final data report. Inaddition, the number of results which exceed the range per batch shall be noted to

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determine if the problem affects the sample data far that batch and to determine anyother appropriate corrective action.

SRMs - SRM values exceeding the PD range from the certified values flagged in thefinal data report. In addition, the number of results which exceed the range per batchshall be noted to determine if the problem affects the sample data for that batch and todetermine any other appropriate corrective action.

Method Blanks - Any blank values detected above the established criteria should benoted in the narrative and the corresponding data should be flagged as blankcontaminated. In addition, the number of results which exceed the range per batchshall be noted to determine if the problem affects the sample data for that batch and todetermine any other appropriate corrective action.

7.0 SAMPLING AND LABORATORY PROCEDURES

7.1 Sampling Procedures

All soil samples shall be collected in accordance with PNL-MA-567 DO-4Contaminated Sediment Sampling. Sample locations and sampling frequencies aredesignated in the Sampling and Analysis Plan (of the Demonstration of SailComposting for Remediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil Work Plan).Leachate (aqueous) samples will be collected in accordance..with the, same. Samplingand Analysis Plan.

PNL will maintain a field log in an official laboratory record book (LRB)documenting all data such as the sample location, time, field measurements, etc.Sample containers and preservation requirements are specified in sections 6.0 of theWork Plan entitled TDemonstration of Soil Composting for Remediation ofHydrocarbon Contaminated Soil and section 6.0 of this QAPP, respectively.

7.2 Chemistr Procedures

The leachate and soil samples must be subjected to a series of chemical evaluationsfollowing the procedures outlined in Table 6.1 of this QAPP. Potential chemicalconstituents to be analyzed for, as well as the corresponding standard analyticalmethods on which the primary analytical laboratory bases its procedures, are shown inTable 6.1.

The leachate and soil samples shall be analyzed for the parameters using the detectionlimits specified in Table 6.1. If these detection limits are not achievable, attempts

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QA Plan WTC-073, Rev.# I Rev.Date 1/28/93

shall be made to achieve the lowest practical detection limits. The Project Manager isresponsible for all chemistry analyses, deviations in procedures, and revised detectionlimits. All deviations will be recorded in the project Laboratory Record Book (LRB)and applicable analytical reports, and will be stored in the project files.

8.0 SAMPLE CUSTODY AND FIELD DOCUMIENTATION

8.1 Samole Chain-of-Custody

The chain-of-custody of samples from the field to the analytical lab shall be controlledin accordance with PNL-MA-567 AD-2, Ground-Water Sample Chain-of-CustodyProcedure (for aqueous leachate samples) and PNL-MA-567 AD-4 (for soil samples).

8.2 Field Record Forms

As a minimum, forms must be used for documentation of the following activities:

*sample collection* instrument calibration* chain-of-custody

Examples of the required forms are provided in applicable portions of PNL-MA-567.The completed forms shall be reviewed by the Project Manager for completeness,legibility and reasonableness. This review shall be documented by signature orinitials of the reviewer and date of review on the bottom of the form. Forms will beincorporated into the appropriate LRB. Only black ink shall be used to recordinformation on data forms and in the LRIB.

8.3 Corrections to Documentation

If an error is made on any field documentation, an individual may correct the error bydrawing a single line through the error and entering the correct information. Theerror shall not be obliterated. All non-editorial corrections shall be initialed anddated.

9.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY

9. 1 pH Meter Calibration

Tie pH meters used for soil samples wfi be calibrated daily by the user according to

the manufacturers instructions. Calibrations will be documented in the LRB.

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9.2 Thermocougle Calibration

Temperature measurement devices must be calibrated before leaving for the field inaccordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Calibrations will be documented inthe LRB.

9.3 Analytical Chemnistry Calibration-

Calibration methods for all chemical analytical processes shall be addressed in eachspecific procedure. As a minimum, calibrations should include:

*standards that are traceable to nationally recognized standard organization(s)*standards that are within their expiration date

* concentrations of standards which bracket the expected concentration of thesample(s)

* documentation of the calibration in the LRB or with the analysis data packet

9.4 Photoionization Detector Calibration

The photoionization detector will be calibrated by the user on a daily basis accordingto the manufacturers instructions. Calibration will be documented by the user in theLRB. The lot numbers of the calibration gas will be recorded with this information.

10.0 DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION, AND REPORTING

10.1I Data Reduction and Reprtinf

Chemistry data will be stored in the project files and will include:

* Results of sample analyses will be reported in the units presented in section10.3 of this QAPP. Analytes that were not detected will be reported as lessthan the established detection limit.

* Results of procedural blank analyses.

* Amounts expected and recovered, and percent recoveries, for matrix spike

samples.

*Results of replicate analyses reported as RPD.

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Results of the analyses of SRMs, certified values, and the PD) between the

results and the certified values.

10.2 Process for Hlandling Susec orUacpale Data

When the initial data review identifies suspect data, that data must be investigated toestablish whether it reflects true conditions or an error. The investigation shall bedocumented on a Request For Data Review Form (Attachment 1). If the data value isdetermined to be in error, the source of the error must be investigated, the correctvalue established if possible, and the erroneous value replaced with the correct value.If the investigation concludes that the data are suspect (possibly in error) but a correctvalue cannot be determined, the data must be flagged to indicate its suspect status.

10.3 Standard Units

The standard units used to report data are:

Chemistry parameters

BTEX mg/kgTPHG mg/kgTPHD mg/kg

lead mg/kg

Field Parameters

Ph kg/rn'porosity-

field capacity % by wt.percolation L H120/(L soil *mlin)

time hoursTemperature O

pH1 pH unitssoil moisture % by wt.

vacuum inches 1120liquid level feet

air flow cfMoxygen content

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/kgtotal Phosphorous mg/kg

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10.4 Data Validation

A review by technical personnel will be implemented to ensure that the data generatedfor this projects meet the data quality objectives. These reviews will be kept in theproject files and will include the following:

* Data will be reviewed by the field personnel at the end of each working dayto ensure that sample collection activities are completely and adequatelydocumented.

* Reviews of analytical results and supporting documentation will be theresponsibility of the Project Manager. The Project Manager will reviewsample holding times, sample preservation, equipment calibration, andsample integrity. The results of QC measurements (Section 6) will becompared to pro-established criteria as a measure of data acceptability.

* Daily copies of data and entries in the LRB will be made and storedseparately from the LRB by the site supervisor.

10.5 RQ=

The final technical memoranda to the client shall contain citations of themethodology(s) used (i.e., EPA) during the technical activities of this project.

The technical memoranda shall undergo internal technical review and review by theproject Quality Engineer. The Program Manager shall select technical reviewers whowil be able to assure that the report is technically adequate, complete, and correct.Selection shall be based on:

* Technologies and disciplines represented in the report.

* Qualifications of the reviewer(s). Those selected shall have provencompetence mn the subject matter of the report, and shall have been givenan adequate understanding of the requirements for, and objectives of, thetechnical report.

* Reviewer independence. Those selected shall be independent of theoriginal work performed.

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* ~~~QA Plan WTC-073, Rev.# 1 Rev.Date 1/28/93

11.0 SURVEILLANCE AND AUDITS

Verification surveillances are performed by the project Quality Engineer in accordance withQAP-70-lOO1, Planning and Performing-Surveillance. Surveillances are performed toensure that a specified requirement, or set of requirements, is being met. Surveillances canbe performed as real time observations during the work or analytical process to ensure thatspecific applicable procedures are being implemented. Surveillance can also be performed toensure that the resultant project data are traceable back through the analytical process,through sample handling and transportation, back to the date, location, staff, and techniqueused to collect the sample.

As a minimum, at least one surveillance must be performed during the following keyactivities on the project:

* traceability of datae compliance of data with data quality objectives

System audits are performed by the PNL Quality Verification (QV) Department on a periodicbasis. This project is subject to inclusion in the QV audit schedule.

ne results of surveillances and audits shall be made available to project and linemanagement as well as to key individuals contacted.

12.0 SPECIFIC ROUTINE PROCEDURES USED TO ASSESS DATA PRECISION,ACCURACY, COMPARABILITY AND COMPLETENESS

Because of the nature of environmental measurements, it is frequently difficult or impossibleto know the 'true" value of the measured parameter. The accuracy of the measured valuemust instead be inferred through the use of QC samples of known composition. This projectuses this method to verify that the data quality objectives (DQOs) established in Tables 6.1and 6.2 have been met. Since this project is not a monitoring project, routine procedures tomonitor data precision, accuracy, and completeness are not required. Precision, accuracy,comparability and completeness will be calculated following equations presented in Section 6.The results will be reported in data tables in the final technical memoranda. These resultswill be compared against the DQOs established in Tables 6.1 and 6.2; this comparison willalso be reported in the final technical memoranda.

13.0 CORRECTIVE ACTION

The need for corrective action may be identified by the technical staff during the course of. ~~their work or through QA surveillances or audits. Each individual performing field or data

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QA Plan WFTC-07, Rcv.# 1 Rev.Date 1/28/93

processing activities will be responsible for notifying the appropriate supervisory personnel ofany circumstance that could affect the quality or integrity of the data.

Deviations typically result from unforeseen circumstances. Deviations apply when thequality of reportable data is indeterminate, (i.e., no objective evidence is available tosubstantiate data quality or to indicate that established procedures/requirements were met).All unplanned deviations from approved SOPs must be documented on a Deficiency Reportper PAP-70-1502, Controlling Deviations from QA Requirements and EstablishedProcedures, etc.). Planned deviations, planned and approved by the Project Manager uinadvance, do not require documentation on a Deficiency Report. The following are guidelinesto resolving deficiencies:

* Technical problems relating to the field program (e.g., schedule delays,inability to sample certain locations, frequency of sampling, loss/breakage ofsampling equipment) will be resolved with the Program Manager and theUSA~F.

* The need for corrective action at the laboratory level, such as broken samples,improper instrument calibration, etc. will be addressed by the Project Manageror by means specified in the statement of work to a contracted laboratory.

* Corrective actions for results outside established DQOs are addressed insection 6.2.

* See sections 18.2 and 18.3 for information required to document changes toSOPS.

14.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT

Significant problems (e.g., problems affecting the quality of the work) uncovered by projectpersonnel must be reported to line management immediately for resolution. Significantproblems involving data quality or sample integrity must be thoroughly documented. Linemanagement must be included on the distribution of all audit and surveillance reports.Significant problems encountered in day-to-day operations must be reported to linemanagement immediately by the Project Manager.

15.0 RECORDS

Records shall be indexed and subsequently maintained in accordance with PAP-70-1701,Records System. All project records shall be made available for storage after project

* ~~~completion and/or after client approval of the final report. The retention period for -storage

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* ~~QA Plan WTC-07, RevJ 1 Rev.Date 1/28/93

shall be specified on the Records Inventory/Disposition Schedule (RIDS). Records will notbe turned over to the client unless, specifically requested. The project Quality Engineer doesnot have to approve the RIDS.

16.0 PROCUREMENT CONTROL

Procurement of items and subcontracted services are governed by PNL-MA-70Administrative Procedure PAP-70-401, Preparation, Review, and Approval of PurchaseRequisitions.

Subcontractors used by PNL. shall be required to follow the applicable requirementsdelineated in this QA Plan. For subcontractors that will be performing chemical analysis, apre-award evaluation of the capabilities of that supplier shall be made by either arepresentative of the Quality Control group or by the Project Quality Engineer. Specificsections of this QAPP that shall be passed on to these chemical analytical labs include, as aminimum: Section 6 and 13. Other portions of this QAPP (e.g., requirements for training,sample chain-of-custody, etc.) may be passed on at the discretion of the Project Manager andProject Quality Engineer.

* ~~Statements of work submitted to analytical labs shall be accompanied with, as a minimum,directions for the following: 1) chain-of-custody; 2) analysis turnaround time; 3) QCrequirements; 4) methods; and 5) notification of PNL staff when Data Quality Objective(DQO) requirements are exceeded. Corrective action for DQO exceedences shall becoordinated with PNL and analytical staff and shall follow guidance of section 6.2 of thisQAPP.

17.0 STAFF TRAINING

Staff performing activities affecting quality shall have training for the applicableadministrative and technical procedures, applicable project planning documents (e.g.Sampling and Analysis Plan), and this QAPP in accordance with PNL MA-70 AdministrativeProcedure PAP-70-2O1, Indoctrination and Training.

18.0 DOCUM[ENT CONTROL

18.1 OAPP Control

Distribution, control and modifications of this QAPP shall be performed inaccordance with PNL-MA-70 Adminisitrative Procedure PAP-70-2 05, QualityAssurance Plans. Distribution and control of this QAPP will be performed by theproject. A distribution list shall be maintained in project files and updated as new

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. ~~~QA Plan WTC-073, Rev.# I Rev.Date 1/28/93

copies are distributed. Modifications shall be made either by revision or by issue ofan Interim Change Notice. Any PNL staff may request a change to this QAPP at any

time by notifying the Project Manger or Quality Engineer.

18.2 Standard Oneraing Procedure Control

Distribution of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) will be controlled in accordancewith PNL-MA-70 Administrative Procedure PAP-70-601, Document Control by thePNL Document Control.

Formal changes to SOPs must be performed in accordance with PNL-MA-70Administrative Procedure PAP-70-602, Document Change Control. Modificationsshall be made either by revision or by issue of an Interim Change Notice. Any PNL

staff may request a change to the SOPs at any time by notifying the Project Mangeror Quality Engineer.

Deviations from SOPs should be documented in the LRB along with other proceduraldeviations.

18.3 Sampling and Analysis Plan Control

Distribution control of the Sampling and Analysis Plan will be maintained by keeping

a distribution list of issuance of all copies and the master copy.

A master copy of the Sampling and Analysis Plan shall remain at the field location

throughout the period of sample collection. 'MASTER COPY' shall be written or

stamped, in red ink, on the cover of the ffirst page of the master copy.

Changes to the Sampling and Analysis Plan shall be incorporated through pen and ink

mark-ups to the master copy only (red ink is recommended to assist users inidentifying changes) provided the Project Manager ensures that the followingminimum requirements are met:

* changes are reviewed and approved by the Project Manager or designee

* approvals are either documented on the Plan or traceable to the Plan

* mark-ups to the master copy are initialed and dated by the Project

Manager or designee (initialing and dating of the master copy signifies that

the changes have been approved as required)

* superseded wording is lined out but not obscured.

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Attachment 1 Date: ______

I ~~~~Request for Data Review (RDRJ No.: ____

Project:Originator: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Phone I: _VS__ _ NIN: _ _ _

Wvbager: ____ ___ Phone #:NE__ IvIN: ___

Sample# __ _ _ __ _ % I I : _ _ _ _ _ _

CDoll ct Ion Date: ______

OConsti1tuent: _______ Wiue: . .__ Other: _

2 Reason for Re view

3 Data Review Findngs

Flviam r: Da__ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ te: _ _ _ _ _ _ Attachmrnts: -

4 Response/Action

. ~~Laboratory Coordination: __________________

Date: _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Signature VWie Ocrrplete

5 ~~~~~Data Base Management Action

Data Base: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

D ate: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Si gnature Wien QOmp late

6 RDR Closure

Laboratory Coordination Task Leader Signature Date _

Originator's Signature Date Ouality Engineer Signature Date

7 DCIEtO#Originator Project htnager Laboratory Ooordination. lb~Pv hae r Data Mbnagwwt FCLogbook (originalOjality Engineer

A)lTICGL DISrRI BU.J frER QLRM.

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