project v – using studies on the internet numerous internet pages have psychology experiments that...
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Project V – Using Studies on the Internet
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• Numerous internet pages have psychology experiments that you can use!
• http://jonathan.mueller.faculty.noctrl.edu/crow/activities.htm
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/index_surveys.shtml
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How good are you a judging the meaning of a behavior?
• 1) complete an online questionnaire
• http://www.queendom.com/
• Click “Communication Tests”– Under relationship tests
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• 2) complete “smile experiment”
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/surveys/smiles/index.shtml
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How good are you at judging the meaning of a behavior?
• 1) complete questionnaire
• 2) complete “smile experiment”
• 3) enter and analyze data
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Just for fun
• http://viscog.beckman.uiuc.edu/grafs/demos/15.html
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Naturalistic Observations
• Pros
• Get to observe person in the natural world
• Very “real”
• Cons
• No control
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Interpersonal Theory
• Leary’s complementarity– Interpersonal behaviors tend to initiate or invite reciprocal
interpersonal behaviors from the “other” person in the interaction
• Act the same on “warmth”– Warmth encourages warmth– Coldness encourages coldness
• Act the opposite on “dominance”– Dominance encourages submission– Submission encourages dominance
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Moving Outside the Lab
• Does complementarity continue to occur in a more naturalistic environment?
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Moving Outside the Lab
• Limitations of lab research
• Unrealistic situations
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Moving Outside the Lab
• Limitations of lab research
• Very little “noise”
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Moving Outside the Lab
• Limitations of lab research
• Behavior across a limited number of interactions
• Interpersonal style might be more important than the behavioral patterns expressed in a few interactions
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Moving Outside the Lab
• A more naturalistic setting would be desirable
• However, still need. . . .
• 1) Dyads that are randomly created
• 2) A way to measure each persons interpersonal style
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Random Dyads
• The dorms at Villanova
• Freshman year students are randomly paired together
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Measuring Interpersonal Styles in a Natural Environment
Person’s A interpersonal style when interacting with person B
Person’s B interpersonal style when interacting with person A
A B
Person A describes the interpersonal
style of person B
Person B describes theinterpersonal
style of person A
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Do the interpersonal styles of roommates complement each other at the beginning of
their relationship?
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Do the interpersonal styles of roommates complement each other after living together
for 15 weeks?
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Method
• Participants– 204 females (102 roommates)
• All roommates were randomly paired together by Villanova University
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Procedure
• During the second week of living together and again after living together for 15 weeks
– Participants described their roommates interpersonal style by completing the Interpersonal Adjective Scale (IAS-R)
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.00
.20
.40
.60
.80
1.00
2 Weeks 15 Weeks
Warm
th --
Corr
elati
on
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-.80
-.60
-.40
-.20
.00
.20
2 Weeks 15 Weeks
Dom
inan
ce -
- C
orr
elati
on
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• An animal resting or passing by leaves crushed grass, footprints, and perhaps droppings, but a human occupying a room for one night prints his character, his biography, his recent history, and sometimes his future plans and hopes. I further believe that personality seeps into walls and is slowly released. . . . As I sat in this unmade room, Lonesome Harry began to take shape and dimension. I could feel that recently departed guest in the bits and pieces of himself he had left behind. --John Steinbeck, Travels With Charlie
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Question
• Can the appearance of someone’s room tell us anything about their personality?
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Method
• 83 Bedrooms were examined
• Occupants of the bedrooms completed a measure of the Big Five
• 7 Judges rated the bedrooms
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What does your room look like?• 1)____ Strong (vs. weak)odor• 2)____ Noisy (vs. quiet)• 3)____ Well lit (vs. dark)• 4)____ Drafty (vs. stuffy)• 5)____ Hot (vs. cold)• 6)____ Good (vs. poor)condition • 7)____ Decorated (vs. undecorated)• 8)____ Cheerful (vs. gloomy)• 9)____ Colorful (vs. drab)• 10)____ Clean (vs.dirty)• 11)____ Organized (vs.disorganized)• 12)____ Neat (vs. messy)• 13)____ Cluttered (vs. uncluttered)• 14)____ Full (vs.empty)• 15)____ Roomy (vs.cramped)• 16)____ Expensive (vs. cheap)• 17)____ Comfortable (vs. uncomfortable)• 18)____ Inviting (vs. repelling)• 19)____ Large (vs. small)• 20)____ Distinctive (vs. ordinary)• 21)____ Stylish (vs. unstylish)
• 22)____ Modern (vs. old fashioned)• 23)____ New (vs. old)• 24)____ Multiple (vs. single)purpose• 25)____ Public (vs. private)• 26)____ Formal (vs. informal)• 27)____ Conventional (vs. unconventional)• 28)____ High (vs. low) traffic area• 29)____ Good (vs. poor) use of space• 30)____ Matched (vs. mismatched)contents• 31)____ Many (vs. few)books• 32)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)books• 33)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)books• 34)____ Many (vs. few)magazines• 35)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)magazines• 36)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)magazines• 37)____ Many (vs. few) CDs• 38)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)CDs• 39)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)CDs• 40)____ Many (vs. few) items of stationery• 41)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)stationery
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Extraversion• 1)____ Strong (vs. weak)odor• 2)__+__ Noisy (vs. quiet)• 3)____ Well lit (vs. dark)• 4)____ Drafty (vs. stuffy)• 5)____ Hot (vs. cold)• 6)____ Good (vs. poor)condition • 7)__+_ Decorated (vs. undecorated)• 8)____ Cheerful (vs. gloomy)• 9)____ Colorful (vs. drab)• 10)____ Clean (vs.dirty)• 11)____ Organized (vs.disorganized)• 12)____ Neat (vs. messy)• 13)__+_ Cluttered (vs. uncluttered)• 14)____ Full (vs.empty)• 15)____ Roomy (vs.cramped)• 16)____ Expensive (vs. cheap)• 17)____ Comfortable (vs. uncomfortable)• 18)____ Inviting (vs. repelling)• 19)____ Large (vs. small)• 20)____ Distinctive (vs. ordinary)• 21)____ Stylish (vs. unstylish)
• 22)____ Modern (vs. old fashioned)• 23)____ New (vs. old)• 24)____ Multiple (vs. single)purpose• 25)____ Public (vs. private)• 26)____ Formal (vs. informal)• 27)____ Conventional (vs. unconventional)• 28)____ High (vs. low) traffic area• 29)____ Good (vs. poor) use of space• 30)____ Matched (vs. mismatched)contents• 31)____ Many (vs. few)books• 32)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)books• 33)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)books• 34)____ Many (vs. few)magazines• 35)__+_ Organized (vs. disorganized)magazines• 36)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)magazines• 37)____ Many (vs. few) CDs• 38)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)CDs• 39)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)CDs• 40)____ Many (vs. few) items of stationery• 41)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)stationery
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Conscientiousness• 1)____ Strong (vs. weak)odor• 2)____ Noisy (vs. quiet)• 3)____ Well lit (vs. dark)• 4)____ Drafty (vs. stuffy)• 5)____ Hot (vs. cold)• 6)__+_ Good (vs. poor)condition • 7)____ Decorated (vs. undecorated)• 8)__+_ Cheerful (vs. gloomy)• 9)__+_ Colorful (vs. drab)• 10)__+_ Clean (vs.dirty)• 11)__+_ Organized (vs.disorganized)• 12)__+_ Neat (vs. messy)• 13)__-_ Cluttered (vs. uncluttered)• 14)__-_ Full (vs.empty)• 15)__+_ Roomy (vs.cramped)• 16)__+_ Expensive (vs. cheap)• 17)__+_ Comfortable (vs. uncomfortable)• 18)__+_ Inviting (vs. repelling)• 19)____ Large (vs. small)• 20)____ Distinctive (vs. ordinary)• 21)__+_ Stylish (vs. unstylish)
• 22)__+_ Modern (vs. old fashioned)• 23)__+_ New (vs. old)• 24)____ Multiple (vs. single)purpose• 25)____ Public (vs. private)• 26)____ Formal (vs. informal)• 27)____ Conventional (vs. unconventional)• 28)____ High (vs. low) traffic area• 29)____ Good (vs. poor) use of space• 30)____ Matched (vs. mismatched)contents• 31)____ Many (vs. few)books• 32)__+_ Organized (vs. disorganized)books• 33)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)books• 34)____ Many (vs. few)magazines• 35)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)magazines• 36)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)magazines• 37)____ Many (vs. few) CDs• 38)__+_ Organized (vs. disorganized)CDs• 39)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)CDs• 40)__-_ Many (vs. few) items of stationery• 41)__+_ Organized (vs. disorganized)stationery
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Openness• 1)____ Strong (vs. weak)odor• 2)____ Noisy (vs. quiet)• 3)____ Well lit (vs. dark)• 4)____ Drafty (vs. stuffy)• 5)____ Hot (vs. cold)• 6)____ Good (vs. poor)condition • 7)__+_ Decorated (vs. undecorated)• 8)____ Cheerful (vs. gloomy)• 9)____ Colorful (vs. drab)• 10)____ Clean (vs.dirty)• 11)____ Organized (vs.disorganized)• 12)____ Neat (vs. messy)• 13)__+_ Cluttered (vs. uncluttered)• 14)__+_ Full (vs.empty)• 15)____ Roomy (vs.cramped)• 16)____ Expensive (vs. cheap)• 17)____ Comfortable (vs. uncomfortable)• 18)____ Inviting (vs. repelling)• 19)____ Large (vs. small)• 20)__+_ Distinctive (vs. ordinary)• 21)____ Stylish (vs. unstylish)
• 22)____ Modern (vs. old fashioned)• 23)____ New (vs. old)• 24)__+_ Multiple (vs. single)purpose• 25)____ Public (vs. private)• 26)____ Formal (vs. informal)• 27)____ Conventional (vs. unconventional)• 28)____ High (vs. low) traffic area• 29)____ Good (vs. poor) use of space• 30)____ Matched (vs. mismatched)contents• 31)_+__ Many (vs. few)books• 32)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)books• 33)_+__ Varied (vs. homogenous)books• 34)____ Many (vs. few)magazines• 35)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)magazines• 36)__+_ Varied (vs. homogenous)magazines• 37)__+_ Many (vs. few) CDs• 38)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)CDs• 39)____ Varied (vs. homogenous)CDs• 40)____ Many (vs. few) items of stationery• 41)____ Organized (vs. disorganized)stationery
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Naturalistic Observation
• Can be very easy!
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• Are men or women more likely to order specialty drinks?
• Are men or women more likely to stay after ordering their coffee?
• Are faculty or students more likely to order specialty drinks?
• Are faculty or students more likely to stay after ordering their coffee?
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Method
• Make groups
• Each group will go to Starbucks for 15 minutes.
• Must NOT interact with the subjects– Only observe
– Sit at a side table – and pretend you are doing something other than making observations
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Gender Faculty or Student
Specialty Drink or Regular
Stay or to go
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Codes• Gender
– Male = 0– Female = 1
• Faculty vs. Student– Faculty = 0– Student = 1
• Specially Drink vs. Regular Coffee– Specialty = 0– Regular = 1
• Stay vs. Go– Stay = 0– Go = 1
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Current study
• 1) Limit your observations• I wonder how coffee drinking habits are related to gender/occupation, etc.
• 2) Figure out how to code your observations• I think I will watch people ordering coffee at starbucks
• 3) Collect your data• Just do it!
• 4) Create a coding system• Use a simple coding system
• 5) Analyze your data• What did the data tell us?
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Enter and Analyze Data in Excel
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Zimbardo
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Review• Naturalistic / Observational Research
• Demonstrated how to conduct observational research in order to examine various issues.
• Statistics related to Observational research– Interpreting and computing correlations
• On the Internet– Personality perception in Internet chat rooms– Linking Internet homepages to persoanlity– Examining the “foot-in-the-door” effect using email– Examining the bystander effect in chat rooms
– Used Internet personal ads to examine characteristics of smokers– Used the Internet as a tool
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Review
• In the Lab– Interpersonal behaviors in the lab– Examined which behaviors are related to openness and other traitsExamine if
“acting behavior” was linked to self-monitoring
• In the Natural Environment– Roommate behavior– Using a person’s room to examine personality– Went to Starbucks to examine characteristics of coffee drinkers
• Easy and cheap!– All the tools you need to collect and analyze the data you already have.
• Flexible– Can use these same methods to examine other issues!