project report on earthquake detector
TRANSCRIPT
PROJECT
ON
SUBMITTED TO PROF. VISHAL
KADAM
EARTHQUAKE DETECTOR
EARTHQUAKES - AN INTRODUCTION× An earthquake is a sudden movement of the earth's
surface. × Earthquakes are caused by the movement of the earth's
tectonic plates. × Earthquakes occur where the earth's plates meet along
plate boundaries. For example as two plates move towards each other, one can be pushed down under the other one into the mantle.
× If this plate gets stuck it causes a lot of pressure on surrounding rocks. When this pressure is released it produces shock waves.
× These are called seismic waves. This is an earthquake..
EARLIER INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING EARTHQUAKE
× A seismoscope is an instrument used to measure vibrations of the earth's crust. Generally, scientists use these readings to predict when an earthquake will strike.
A seismograph is a device that measures earthquakes.IT works on the principle of inertia of rest, when the earth shakes then the pen of the seismograph due to its inertia of rest starts to shake with the shaking of earth and makes the records. the intensity of the earth quake is measured by a scale called Richter scale..
SEISMOGRAPHS
RECENT INNOVATION BY USA
For: Homes, offices and school classroomsModel # QA-20006" high x 3" wide x 1-1/4" deepProvides early warning by detecting an earthquake's sound wave before the earthquake's destructive effect .It usually detected before an hour of occurrence.
MODERN EARTHQUAKE DETECTEOR VERSION 2010: is a special kind of instrument which has been developed by taking into picture the various inventions till date.
The modern device accurately measures the movement of earth’s tectonic plates.
This instrument takes help of satellite for transmitting signals and displays it on the on the screen.
It is built with such a modern technology that it measures movement of earth crusts & the changes which are likely to occur before 3 days.
It is based on the seismological principles of global earthquake monitoring systems.
It contains an array of pendulums that naturally react to vibrations and catches signals through an electronic circuit to a chip.
MODERN EARTHQUAKE DETECTOR VERSION 2010
Provides early warning by detecting before 3 days the earthquake this helps people to be prepared.
It has Fully adjustable sensitivity setting. Automatically resets and shuts off alarm when earth’s
temperature becomes normal stops. Mounts easily to wall. No screws, nails or tools required. Loud distinctive alarm to wake you up. Monitors after shocks. Offers peace of mind and keeps you informed. Can detect earthquakes that occur many miles away.. low power consumption.
FEATURES
In case of power failure it automatically gets recharged with the help of solar energy.
Takes or catches signals from satellites and transmits it on screen.
1. It is easy to connect and get recharged with solar energy.2. Low power consumption.3. It is easy to handle as it weighs just 1 Kg.4. Since it has an inbuilt alarm system it stars ringing when
difference is seen is the movement of earth’s crust. 5. Detection before 3 days helps the government to take
necessary action for people’s protection.
ADVANTAGES
Target: we have targeted countries Indonesia, Afghanistan Argentina, Austria, Burma etc were earthquakes strike very offenly
.MARKETING STRATEGIES
METHODS ADOPTED BY US WHILE CONDUCTING MARKETTING STRATEGIES:
Exhibition Advertisement Print media (Newspaper, Magazines, audio video
media) Promotion (conducting demonstration at various
places)
MARKET RESEARCH
The exporter may require short term, medium term or long term finance depending upon the types of goods to be exported and the terms of statement offered to overseas buyer.
The short-term finance is required to meet “working capital” needs.
The regular and recurring needs of a business firm refer to purchase of raw material, payment of wages and salaries, expenses like payment of rent, advertising etc.
CONCEPT OF EXPORT FINANCE
The export finance is being classified into two types viz.
Pre-shipment finance.
Post-shipment finance.
TYPES OF EXPORT FINANCE
FOB QUOTATION (FREE ON BOARD) Under FOB quotation, the seller quotes a price which
includes all expenses incurred till the goods are actually loaded on board the ship. This means packing charges, local transport charges and dock dues are covered in the price quoted. Even the expected profit is included in the FOB price.
FOB Price = Cost of production + profit margin + expenses upto on board the ship-Export Incentives
TYPES OF QUOTATIONS
C&F QUOTATION (COST AND FREIGHT) C&F means cost plus freight. The price quoted includes
total cost of goods, packing, carriage, loading charges and the payment of freight upto the port of destination.
C&F Price: F.O.B. Price +Freight
CIF QUOTATION (COST,INSURANCE &FREIGHT): CIF means Cost, Insurance and freight. It includes FOB price plus freight plus marine insurance
upto the port of destination. In other words, CIF price includes cost of production and
all other expenses till the goods reach the port of destination in the buyer’s country.
C.I.F. Price =F.O.B. Price +Freight +Insurance
Skimming Pricing Strategy: A strategy of high prices with considerable promotional
expenditure in early stages of market development and then gradually lowering the prices is known as “Skimming Strategy”.
Penetration Pricing strategy: A strategy of charging low prices in the early stages of
product introduction in the market is called “Penetration Pricing Strategy”
We are adopting penetration strategy for our product since it should be affordable by every individual.
EXPORT PRICING STRATEGIES/TECHNIQUES
Registration stage
Pre-shipment stage
Shipment stage Post-shipment
stage
1) registration stage
procedure
2) pre-shipment procedure
3) shipment procedure
4)post-shipment procedure
STEPS IN EXPORT PROCEDURE
EXPORT DOCUMENT
INVOICE
PROFORMA INVOICE
COMMERCIAL INVOICE CONSULAR INVOICE
CERTIFICATES
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN
COMBINED CERTIFICATE OF
ORIGIN AND VALUE
TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS
MATE RECEIPTS
BILL OF LADING AIR WAY BILL
EXCHANGE CONTROL
DOCUMENTS
GR FORM PP FORM
MISCLLEANEOUS DOCUMENTS
MARINE INSURANCE
POLICY
INSURANCE CERTIFICATE
HEALTH CERTIFICATE
A Letter of Credit can be defined as “an undertaking by importer’s bank stating that payment will be made to the exporter if the required documents are presented to the bank within the validity of the L/C”.
PARTIES INVOLVED IN LETTER OF CREDIT: Applicant: Issuing bank: Beneficiary: Advising bank: Confirming bank: Negotiating bank:
DEFINITION
Loans to Indian Entities Deferred payment exports: Pre-shipment credit Term loans for export production: Overseas Investment finance: Finance for export marketing:
EXPORT FINANCING PROGRAMMES PROVIDED BY EXIM BANK
Export Bills Rediscounting: Refinance of Export Credit: Guaranteeing of Obligations:
Overseas Buyer's Credit: Lines of Credit: Relenting Facility to Banks Overseas:
LOANS TO COMMERCIAL BANKS IN INDIA
LOANS TO OVERSEAS ENTITIES
RBI does not directly provide export finance to the exporters, but it adopts policies and initiates measures to encourage commercial banks and other financial institutions to provide liberal export finance.
Schemes provided by RBI to encourage commercial banks to provide Export credit to exporters:
RESERVE BANK OF INDIA
EXPORT BILLS CREDIT SCHEME, 1963: PRE-SHIPMENT CREDIT SCHEME, 1969: EXPORT CREDIT INTEREST SUBSIDIES SCHEME, 1968: DUTY DRAW BACK CREDIT SCHEME, 1976:
In order to provide export credit and insurance support to Indian exporters, the GOI set up the Export Risks Insurance Corporation (ERIC) in July, 1957.
It was transformed into export credit guarantee
corporation limited (ECGC) in 1964. Since 1983, it is now know as ECGC of India Ltd.
EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD.
The covers issued by ECGC can be divided broadly into four groups:
1. STANDARD POLICIES – issued to exporters to protect then against payment risks involved in exports on short-term credit.
2. SPECIFIC POLICIES – designed to protect Indian firms against payment risk involved in (i) exports on deferred terms of payment (ii) service rendered to foreign parties, and (iii) construction works and turnkey projects undertaken abroad.
3. FINANCIAL GUARANTEES – issued to banks in India to protect them from risk of loss involved in their extending financial support to exporters at pre-shipment and post-shipment stages; and
4. SPECIAL SCHEMES such as Transfer Guarantee meant to protect banks which add confirmation to letters of credit opened by foreign banks, Insurance cover for Buyer’s credit, etc.
COVERS ISSUED BY ECGC
CONCLUSION
Thus to sum-up we have introduced this product with a view to reduce the destruction caused by earthquake, by alerting the people . it is economical and its price is quoted in such a way that it is affordable by every individual.
THANK YOU