project report just travel

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my heartful regards and deep sense of gratitude to my guide and college

, for making us acquainted with the technique of

programming and whose guidance throughout the entire work enabled me to complete

this project successfully. Without friendly approach, it would have been difficult to

achieve the result in a short span of time.

I record our appreciation and special thank for the co-operation that I have

received from for devotion to solve various problems of

my project for providing encourage.

I express my sincere regards to my parents and my helpers for their advice as well

as guidance for making this work successful. The harmonious climate in our department

also provides me the proper academic setting.

Finally I am thankful to almighty GOD for his blessing that helped me in

completing my project.



To Whom It May Concern:

I have a great pleasure in certifying that Rajesh Kumar is the student of MCA at

. During the session 2009-10 she has worked independently

on the development of the project entitled ‘JUST TRAVEL’. The report has been

completed with great care. I recommend sending it for further evaluation.

PROJECT

“Just Travel”

(PROJECT GUIDE) (PRINCIPLE)

(SUPERVISOR) (STUDY INCHARGE)



PREFACE

The project has been made with the prime motive of making the manual ‘JUSTTRAVEL’ to be computerized. I our daily jobs computers are commonly used, so with

the advancement of technology computers are used in every field of life. Its wide area of

application has made its importance for great. As a computer plays a great role in our life,

developing a system requires a systematic approach for every phase in software

development life cycle (SDLC). To make a software, first of all the requirements for the

computerized system has been found. Then information from various sources has been

collected to find the weakness of manual system. After the analysis phase, design is

prepared for this S/W. It includes the database design, form design, screen design. After

designing, testing and implementation of system took place. System was test to check its

validity. Then post implementation and enhancement phase was there. Last part was the

conclusion part. It explains the successful implementation of the S/W.



INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL STUDIO 2010ULTIMATE

Visual Studio is a complete set of development tools for building ASP.NET

Web applications, XML Web Services, desktop applications, and mobileapplications. Visual Basic, Visual C#, and Visual C++ all use the same

integrated development environment (IDE), which enables tool sharing andeases the creation of mixed-language solutions. In addition, these languages

use the functionality of the .NET Framework, which provides access to keytechnologies that simplify the development of ASP Web applications and XML

Web Services.



Visual Studio 2010 Product Highlights

This topic contains information about some of the important enhancements inVisual Studio 2010.

Visual Studio IDE ImprovementsThe following sections describe improvements to the Visual Studio IDE.

New Appearance and Behavior

The following illustration shows the Visual Studio integrated development

environment (IDE).

Visual Studio IDE

• Visual enhancements

The IDE has been redesigned for improved readability. Unnecessary

lines and gradients have been removed to reduce clutter.

• Support for multiple monitors

Document windows such as the Code Editor and the Design viewwindow can now be placed outside the IDE window. For example, youcan drag the Code Editor out of the IDE so that you can view it and the

Design view window side by side.

Tools to Help You Quickly Explore Code



• Code Editor

The new Code Editor makes code easier to read. You can zoom in on

text by pressing CTRL and scrolling with the mouse wheel. Also, whenyou click a symbol in Visual C# or Visual Basic, all instances of thatsymbol are automatically highlighted. For more information,

see What's New in the Visual Studio 2010 Editor.

• Search-As You Type

The new Navigate To feature provides search-as-you-type support for

files, types, and members. Navigate To enables you to take advantageof Camel casing and underscores to abbreviate your search text. For

example, you can use "AOH" to search for "AddOrderHeader." Formore information, seeHow to: Search for Objects, Definitions, and

References (Symbols).

• Call Hierarchy

In Visual C# and Visual C++, Call Hierarchy enables you to navigatefrom a member to the members that call it and to the members that itcalls. This is useful for exploring object-oriented code. For moreinformation, see Call Hierarchy.

Debugging

A redesigned Threads window provides filtering, call-stack searching and

expansion, and grouping. Also, you can now organize and search breakpointsand share them with other developers. For more information, see What's

New in the Visual Studio Debugger.

The new Parallel Stacks and Parallel Tasks windows help you to visualize and

debug parallel code that is written in C++, C#, or Visual Basic.IDE Features Correspond to Project Capabilities

Features in the IDE, such as Add Reference and the Toolbox, nowcorrespond to the version of the .NET Framework or Silverlight that yourproject targets. As a result, types, members, and controls from assembliesthat target an earlier version of the .NET Framework do not appear in

IntelliSense and produce background compilation errors. For example, if yourproject targets .NET Framework 2.0 and you use a language feature that

.NET Framework 2.0 does not support, such as anonymous types, the IDEwill mark the code as an error.

Test-First Support

In Visual Basic or Visual C#, the IDE can now generate code stubs for new

types and members from their usage before they have been defined. As aresult, you can write tests first, and then generate the code that is required

to compile the tests. Additionally, IntelliSense now provides a suggestionmode that prevents IntelliSense from automatically completing a type ormember that has not yet been defined.



Application Lifecycle Management

The Application Lifecycle Management client application is now available in all

versions of Visual Studio (excluding Express versions). Application LifecycleManagement includes version control, work item tracking, build automation,

a team portal, reporting and business intelligence, Agile Planning Workbooks,

and test case management—everything that you need to collaborate on yoursoftware development projects. Application Lifecycle Management is includedin Visual Studio 2010 with one Client Access License (CAL). You can purchase

additional Client Access Licenses as needed.

Code Generation and Text Templates

Text templates can be created and used in any version of Visual Studio,without the need for any other component. Generating any kind of text file

from your application has been made easier in Visual Studio 2010 with theintroduction of Preprocessed Text Templates. Support for code generation

has also been improved through better integration with the build system, sothat your generated source code is always up to date after any change to thesource model.

Start Page

The Visual Studio 2010 Start Page features a new look and new functionality.A tabbed content area links to a variety of selected and categorized learningresources. This includes MSDN resources, community resources, and acustomizable news feed. An improved Recent Projects list lets you

add projects to the list or remove them with a single mouse click. You canalso install custom Start Pages from Extension Manager.

Extension Manager

You can find and install Visual Studio extensions from the IDE byclicking Extension Manager on the Tools menu. Extension Managerdownloads and installs community-published extensions from the Visual

Studio Gallery Web site without requiring that you open a browser. It alsoenables you to uninstall, disable, or re-enable installed extensions.

New Project Dialog Box

The New Project dialog box in Visual Studio 2010 includes the same searchand install capabilities as the Extension Manager, except that it searches onlyfor project templates and item templates.

New Help Viewer

The Help Viewer has been completely redesigned for Visual Studio 2010. You

can view documentation online or offline by using your preferred Webbrowser, download the latest documentation on demand, navigate the

documentation by using a simplified table of contents, search for specificcontent by using an improved full-text search algorithm, and use a more

streamlined F1 system to locate content specific to the task that you areworking on.



Visual Basic and C# Languages

In Visual Studio 2010, the Visual Basic and C# languages continue to

move toward feature parity. This enables you to choose a language based onpersonal preferences because both languages are equally capable.This section lists some of the new features in C# and Visual Basic.

Visual Basic Language

Visual Basic has new features that shorten syntax and enable you to writecode faster. These features include auto-implemented properties, implicit line

continuation, collection initializers, and single- and multi-statement lamdbaexpressions. Additionally, Visual Basic now supports simplified deployment

through type equivalence.

C# Language

The new features in the C# language work together to simplify programmingwith the Microsoft Office APIs. With named and optional arguments, you no

longer have to specify values for every optional parameter when you callCOM methods. With dynamic support, you can reference any object, such as

return values from COM APIs or dynamic languages, without using an explicittype cast. Indexed properties and optional ref modifiers facilitate access toCOM interfaces. Also, type equivalence support simplifies deployment byembedding types from primary interop assemblies (PIAs) directly in your

assembly.

Visual F#

Visual Studio 2010 includes F#, a new .NET Framework language thatsupports functional programming and traditional object-oriented and

imperative (procedural) programming. F# combines the succinct, expressive,and compositional style of functional programming with the runtime,libraries, interoperability, and object model of the .NET Framework. In otherwords, you get the best of both paradigms.

Office Development

Visual Studio 2010 includes project templates and tools that you can use to

create solutions that extend Microsoft Office 2010 and the 2007 MicrosoftOffice system. You can take advantage of new development features for

Office projects, such as expanded Ribbon Designer support for MicrosoftOffice 2010 applications and the ability to create Office solutions that do not

require the Office primary interop assemblies on end user computers. Youcan also use new deployment features in Office projects, such as the abilityto deploy Office solutions to all users on a computer.

Data Access and Modeling

.NET Framework 4 includes enhancements to the ADO.NET Entity Frameworkthat further decrease the amount of coding and maintenance required for



data-driven applications. In Visual Studio 2010, improved flexibility andcustomization options in the ADO.NET Entity Data Model Tools make it easier

to create Entity Framework applications.

Web Development

Visual Studio 2010 includes improvements that speed up code authoring,simplify Web deployment, and more.

Faster Code Authoring

• Code Snippets

Visual Studio 2010 includes Code Snippets for HTML, JScript, andASP.NET controls to help you write code faster. You can insert snippets

from the Code Snippets Manager or directly from IntelliSense.

• Dramatically Improved IntelliSense for JScript

• IntelliSense now parses 2 to 5 times faster, so there is virtually

no processing delay, even with large script libraries.

• IntelliSense accepts diverse coding styles so that you get fullIntelliSense support for almost every library.

• IntelliSense displays XML documentation comments as you type.

Simplified Web Deployment

With Visual Studio 2010, you can package and publish your Web applicationin one click.

• Web Packages

The Web Deployment Tool, also known as MSDeploy, enables you topackage your Web application for deployment to an InternetInformation Services (IIS) Web server. A Web package is a .zip file or

a folder structure that includes everything a Web server needs to hostyour application. It contains Web content, IIS settings, database

scripts, components, registry settings, and certificates. The WebDeployment Tool has been integrated into Visual Studio and enables

you to create Web packages with one click.

• One-Click Publishing

You can now publish to a server by using the Web Deployment Tool,FTP, folder copying, or FrontPage Server Extensions in one click. Visual

Studio stores all the setting information, such as publish method,server information, and user credentials.

• Web Configuration Transformations

You can now configure your project to transform the web.config file

during deployment. When you deploy the project, the settings inweb.config automatically match the settings on your debug, staging,

and production servers.



Other Additions

Visual Studio 2010 also includes new features for ASP.NET and support for

MVC-Based Web applications.

WPF and Silverlight Designer

In Visual Studio 2010, various designer improvements have been made tohelp you create Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) and Silverlightapplications.

Improved Support for Silverlight

In Visual Studio 2008, the designer support for Silverlight projects is limitedto a read-only Preview window. In Visual Studio 2010, the designer supportis the same for Silverlight as it is for WPF projects. For example, in Silverlightprojects you can now select and position items with a mouse on the designer

surface.

Drag-and-Drop Data Binding for WPF

After you add a data source to your project, you can generate data-boundWindows Presentation Foundation (WPF) controls by dragging items from the

Data Sources window to the WPF Designer.

Visualizing WPF objects

The debugger in Visual Studio 2010 includes the WPF Tree visualizer, whichdisplays WPF objects in a more useful way. When you invoke the

visualizer on a WPF object from the Watch window, you see the objectdisplayed as a tree and a list of properties.

Visual C++ Development

Following are some of the new Visual C++ features.

Improved User Experience

A number of improvements have been made to make the Visual C++ IDE

more responsive, especially when you work with large applications. Many IDEcomponents, such as the IntelliSense engine, now parse and process files in

the background. You no longer have to wait for Visual Studio to re-processthe whole project every time that you modify a header file, switch between

project elements, or reconfigure your project from debug to release.

The new IntelliSense is more accurate because it handles advanced C++

code constructs and conditionally defined macros that the old version couldnot handle.

Improved IntelliSense Error Reporting

In earlier versions of Visual Studio, it can be unclear why IntelliSense fails fora line of code. In Visual Studio 2010, the IDE detects code that will cause aloss of IntelliSense and underlines that code with a red wavy line. In

addition, the IDE reports any IntelliSense errors to the Error List window.



You can double-click the error in the Error List window to go to the codethat is causing a problem.

#include Automatic Completion

The IDE now supports automatic completion for the #include keyword. When

you type #include, the IDE creates a list of valid header files. As youcontinue typing, the IDE filters the list based on your typing. At any time,you can select the file that you want to include. This enables you to quicklyinclude files without knowing the exact file name.

Targeting of Specific Compilers and Libraries

In Visual Studio 2010, Visual C++ projects can target either the toolset inVisual Studio 2010 or the toolset in Visual Studio 2008. This enables you totake advantage of the IDE enhancements in Visual Studio 2010 while you

continue to use an earlier version of the Visual C++ libraries and compiler.To switch between toolsets, you are only required to change one property in

your project file.

MFC Class Wizard

In Visual Studio 2010, the MFC Class Wizard is reintroduced. This wizard canbe started from anywhere in your solution. It enables you to add classes,

messages, and variables without having to manually change individual codefiles.

Build Improvements

Visual C++ projects use a new file format (.vcxproj) that replaces the oldformat (.vcproj). To build projects, you now use MSBuild.exe instead of VCBuild.exe. MSBuild, which is the build platform for Microsoft, provides

several benefits, including better diagnostics, extensibility, and integration.Restart Manager Support

Visual Studio now supports the restart manager in Microsoft FoundationClasses (MFC) applications. The restart manager is a Windows feature that

protects users against accidental data loss by regularly saving opendocuments. If your application stops unexpectedly, the restart manager

restarts the application and gives the user the option of restoring theautomatically saved data. You can add this functionality to an existingapplication by adding just one line of code and recompiling. By using therestart manager, you can greatly reduce the chances of accidental data loss

in your applications.

New C++0x Language Features

The Visual C++ compiler introduces five new features to support the C++0xstandard: lambda expressions, rvalue references, compile-time assertions,

expression type discovery, and automatic type deduction.

Parallel Programming



You can now write programs that distribute work across multiple processorswithout having to work directly with threads or the thread pool. Visual Studio

2010 includes parallel computing libraries for both the C runtime library(CRT) and the .NET Framework. You can also debug native and managedapplications by using the new multithreading tools in the Visual Studiodebugger.

Parallel Programming in the .NET Framework

.NET Framework 4 includes new libraries that support task and data

parallelism, a parallel implementation of LINQ to Objects called ParallelLanguage Integrated Query (PLINQ), and various new data types for

synchronization and concurrency. These libraries rely on a new taskscheduler that is integrated with the .NET Framework thread pool.

Parallel Programming in Visual C++

The C runtime library now includes the Concurrency Runtime, which is a

concurrent programming infrastructure for C++.

Parallel Programming Tools

The following are some tool enhancements that support parallelprogramming.

• Debugging

The debugger includes new Tasks and Multi Stack windows that enableyou to do the following:

• View a list of Task instances that are running in an application.

• View the call stacks for Task instances.

• Navigate to code from the debugger.

SharePoint Development

In Visual Studio 2010, SharePoint development is significantly improved. You

can create, edit, debug, package, and deploy and activate SharePointprojects from within Visual Studio. Site deployment is as easy as pressing F5.

You can even browse SharePoint sites by using Server Explorer/DatabaseExplorer.

Cloud Computing Tools

In Visual Studio 2010, you can easily install and enable Windows Azure Tools. WindowsAzure Tools enable you to build scalable Web applications and services on Windows

Azure. To enable Windows Azure Tools, click Cloud Services in the New

Project dialog box.



New in Visual Basic 2010

This page lists the new and enhanced features available in Visual Basic 2010.Click the links in the following sections to read more about a feature.

Visual Basic Compiler and LanguageAuto-Implemented Properties

Auto-implemented properties provide a shortened syntax that enables you toquickly specify a property of a class without having to write code

to Get andSet the property.

Collection Initializers

Collection initializers provide a shortened syntax that enables you to create acollection and populate it with an initial set of values. Collection initializers

are useful when you are creating a collection from a set of known values, forexample, a list of menu options or categories.

Implicit Line Continuation

In many cases, implicit line continuation enables you to continue a statement

on the next consecutive line without using the underscore character (_). Fora list of all the cases in which you can omit an underscore character,see Statements in Visual Basic.

Multiline Lambda Expressions and Subroutines

Lambda expression support has been expanded to support subroutines inaddition to multiline lambda functions and subroutines.

New Command-Line Option for Specifying a Language Version

The /langversion command-line option causes the compiler to accept only

syntax that is valid in the specified version of Visual Basic.

Type Equivalence Support

You can now deploy an application that has embedded type informationinstead of type information that is imported from a Primary Interop Assembly(PIA). With embedded type information, your application can use types in aruntime without requiring a reference to the runtime assembly. If various

versions of the runtime assembly are published, the application that containsthe embedded type information can work with the various versions without

having to be recompiled.

Dynamic Support

Visual Basic binds to objects from dynamic languages such as IronPython andIronRuby.

Covariance and Contravariance



Covariance enables you to use a more derived type than that specified by thegeneric parameter, whereas contravariance enables you to use a less derived

type. This allows for implicit conversion of classes that implement variantinterfaces and provides more flexibility for matching method signatures withvariant delegate types. You can create variant interfaces and delegates byusing the new In and Out language keywords. The .NET Framework also

introduces variance support for several existing generic interfaces anddelegates, including the IEnumerable (Of T) interface and

the Func (Of TResult) and Action (Of T) delegates.

Integrated Development Environment

The following sections describe enhancements to the Visual Studio integrateddevelopment environment (IDE).

Navigate To

You can use the Navigate To feature to search for a symbol or file in source

code. You can search for keywords that are contained in a symbol by usingCamel casing and underscore characters to divide the symbol into keywords.

Highlighting References

When you click a symbol in source code, all instances of that symbol are

highlighted in the document.

For many control structures, when you click a keyword, all of the keywords inthe structure are highlighted. For instance, when you click If inanIf...Then...Else construction, all instances of If , Then, ElseIf , Else,

and End If in the construction are highlighted.

To move to the next or previous highlighted symbol, you can useCTRL+SHIFT+DOWN ARROW or CTRL+SHIFT+UP ARROW.

Generate From Usage

The Generate From Usage feature enables you to use classes and membersbefore you define them. You can generate a stub for any class, constructor,

method, property, field, or enum that you want to use but have not yetdefined. You can generate new types and members without leaving yourcurrent location in code. This minimizes interruption to your workflow.

Generate From Usage supports programming styles such as test-first

development.

IntelliSense Suggestion Mode

IntelliSense now provides two alternatives for IntelliSense statementcompletion: completion mode and suggestion mode. Suggestion mode is

used when classes and members are used before they are defined.

Sample Applications



Visual Basic includes new sample applications that demonstrate the followingfeatures: auto-implemented properties, implicit line continuation, collection

initializers, covariance and contravariance, and multiline lambda expressionsand subroutines.

New in Deployment

Deployment in Visual Studio 2010 has changed with the enhancement

of ClickOnce deployment and Windows Installer deployment.

Windows Installer

Windows Installer deployment enables you to create installer packages todistribute to users.

Windows Installer deployment is updated in Visual Studio 2010Professional for the latest .NET Framework versions. You can target the .NETFramework 4 or ASP.NET 4 versions in your applications and Webapplications. Additionally, you can check that any version of the .NET

Framework is installed on the end-user computer, rather than checking for aspecific version of the .NET Framework.

InstallShield 2010 Limited Edition

Starting in Visual Studio 2010, you can deploy applications by using the free

InstallShield 2010 Limited Edition, which replaces functionality in the VisualStudio setup and deployment project templates. If your deployment requiresmore advanced customization, you can upgrade to the full version of InstallShield.

ClickOnce

ClickOnce deployment enables you to deploy self-updating Windows and

console applications that can be installed, updated, and run from a Web site.

Starting in Visual Studio 2010, you can target .NET Framework 4 or multipleversions of the .NET Framework in your ClickOnce deployment. You can alsotroubleshoot installation issues by using enhanced logging and you can

create a custom installer.

For Office solution developers, there are additional ClickOnce enhancements,

such as deploying multiple Office solutions in a single ClickOnce installer andperforming additional actions after the ClickOnce installer is finished.

For WPF XAML browser applications (XBAPs), you can request elevation of privileges with ClickOnce .

Support for .NET Framework 4



Applications created by using Visual Studio 2010 can target .NET Framework4 and its new features.

Support for Multiple Versions of the .NET Framework

You can manually configure applications to be compatible with multiple

versions of the .NET Framework. For example, you can specify that anapplication can run with .NET Framework 3.5 or .NET Framework 4.

Enhanced Logging

You can help troubleshoot problems during ClickOnce installation by using

the enhanced logging feature in Visual Studio 2010. The enhanced loggingfeature stores information such as the parameters passed to the ClickOnce

runtime, the browser settings, and ClickOnce security options.

Custom Installer and User Interface

If you deploy your .exe application by using ClickOnce, you can create acustom graphical user interface to silently install and update the application.The installer can have custom dialog boxes for security and maintenanceoperations.

New in the .NET Framework 4

This topic contains information about key features and improvements inthe .NET Framework version 4. This topic does not provide comprehensive

information about all new features and is subject to change.

The .NET Framework 4 introduces an improved security model. Other newfeatures and improvements in the .NET Framework 4 are described in thefollowing sections:

• Application Compatibility and Deployment

• Core New Features and Improvements

• Managed Extensibility Framework

• Parallel Computing

• Networking

• Web

• Client

• Data

• Communications and Workflow



Application Compatibility and Deployment

The .NET Framework 4 is highly compatible with applications that are built

with earlier .NET Framework versions, except for some changes that weremade to improve security, standards compliance, correctness, reliability, andperformance.

The .NET Framework 4 does not automatically use its version of the common

language runtime to run applications that are built with earlier versions of the .NET Framework. To run older applications with .NET Framework 4, you

must compile your application with the target .NET Framework versionspecified in the properties for your project in Visual Studio, or you can

specify the supported runtime with the <supportedRuntime> Element in anapplication configuration file.

If your application or component does not work after .NET Framework 4 isinstalled, please submit a bug on the Microsoft Connect Web site. You can

test compatibility as described in the .NET Framework 4 Application

Compatibility topic and learn about new features by using the Visual Studio2010 and .NET Framework 4 Walkthroughs.

The following sections describe deployment improvements.

Client Profile

The .NET Framework 4 Client Profile supports more platforms than inprevious versions and provides a fast deployment experience for yourWindows Presentation Foundation (WPF), console, or Windows Forms

applications. For more information, see .NET Framework Client Profile.

In-Process Side-by-Side Execution

This feature enables an application to load and start multiple versions of the .NET Framework in the same process. For example, you can run

applications that load add-ins (or components) that are based on the .NETFramework 2.0 SP1 and add-ins that are based on the .NET Framework 4 inthe same process. Older components continue to use the older .NETFramework version, and new components use the new .NET Framework

version. For more information, see In-Process Side-by-Side Execution.

Core New Features and Improvements

The following sections describe new features and improvements provided bythe common language runtime and the base class libraries.

Diagnostics and Performance

Earlier versions of the .NET Framework provided no way to determine

whether a particular application domain was affecting other applicationdomains, because the operating system APIs and tools, such as the Windows

Task Manager, were precise only to the process level. Starting with the .NET



Framework 4, you can get processor usage and memory usage estimates perapplication domain.

You can monitor CPU and memory usage of individual application domains.Application domain resource monitoring is available through the managedand native hosting APIs and event tracing for Windows (ETW). When this

feature has been enabled, it collects statistics on all application domains inthe process for the life of the process. See thenew AppDomain .MonitoringIsEnabled property.

You can now access the ETW events for diagnostic purposes to improveperformance. For more information, see CLR ETW Events and Controlling

.NET Framework Logging. Also see Performance Counters and In-ProcessSide-By-Side Applications.

The System.Runtime.ExceptionServices .HandleProcessCorruptedStateExceptionsAttribute attribute enables managed code to handle exceptions that

indicate corrupted process state.

Garbage Collection

The .NET Framework 4 provides background garbage collection. This featurereplaces concurrent garbage collection in previous versions and provides

better performance.

Code Contracts

Code contracts let you specify contractual information that is not represented

by a method's or type's signature alone. ThenewSystem.Diagnostics.Contracts namespace contains classes that provide alanguage-neutral way to express coding assumptions in the form of

preconditions, postconditions, and object invariants. The contracts improvetesting with run-time checking, enable static contract verification, and

support documentation generation.

Design-Time-Only Interop Assemblies

You no longer have to ship primary interop assemblies (PIAs) to deployapplications that interoperate with COM objects. In the .NET Framework 4,compilers can embed type information from interop assemblies, selectingonly the types that an application (for example, an add-in) actually uses.

Type safety is ensured by the common language runtime. See Using COMTypes in Managed Code and Walkthrough: Embedding Type Information from

Microsoft Office Assemblies (C# and Visual Basic).

Dynamic Language Runtime

The dynamic language runtime (DLR) is a new runtime environment thatadds a set of services for dynamic languages to the CLR. The DLR makes iteasier to develop dynamic languages to run on the .NET Framework and toadd dynamic features to statically typed languages. To support the DLR, the

newSystem.Dynamic namespace is added to the .NET Framework.



The expression trees are extended with new types that represent controlflow, for

example, System.Linq.Expressions .LoopExpression andSystem.Linq.Expressions .TryExpression . These new types are used by the dynamic languageruntime (DLR) and not used by LINQ.

In addition, several new classes that support the .NET Frameworkinfrastructure are added tothe System.Runtime.CompilerServices namespace.

Covariance and Contravariance

Several generic interfaces and delegates now support covariance and

contravariance. For more information, see Covariance and Contravariance inGenerics.

BigInteger and Complex Numbers

The new System.Numerics .BigInteger structure is an arbitrary-precision

integer data type that supports all the standard integer operations, includingbit manipulation. It can be used from any .NET Framework language. In

addition, some of the new .NET Framework languages (such as F# andIronPython) have built-in support for this structure.

The new System.Numerics .Complex structure represents a complex numberthat supports arithmetic and trigonometric operations with complex numbers.

Tuples

The .NET Framework 4 provides the System .Tuple class for creating tupleobjects that contain structured data. It also provides generic tuple classes tosupport tuples that have from one to eight components (that is, singletons

through octuples). To support tuple objects that have nine or morecomponents, there is a generic tuple class with seven type parameters and

an eighth parameter of any tuple type.

File System Enumeration Improvements

New file enumeration methods improve the performance of applications thataccess large file directories or that iterate through the lines in large files. Formore information, see How to: Enumerate Directories and Files.

Memory-Mapped Files

The .NET Framework now supports memory-mapped files. You can use

memory-mapped files to edit very large files and to create shared memoryfor interprocess communication.

64-Bit Operating Systems and Processes

You can identify 64-bit operating systems and processes withthe Environment .Is64BitOperatingSystem and Environment .Is64BitProcess

properties.



You can specify a 32-bit or 64-bit view of the registry withthe Microsoft.Win32 .RegistryView enumeration when you open base keys.

Other New Features

The following list describes additional new capabilities, improvements, and

conveniences. Several of these are based on customer suggestions.• To support culture-sensitive formatting,

the System .TimeSpan structure includes new overloads of the ToString, Parse, and TryParse methods, as well as

new ParseExact and TryParseExact methods.

• The new String .IsNullOrWhiteSpace method indicates whether a string

is null, empty, or consists only of white-space characters. Newoverloads have been added tothe String.Concat and String.Join methods that concatenatemembers

of System.Collections.Generic .IEnumerable (Of T ) collections.

• The String .Concat method lets you concatenate each element in an

enumerable collection without first converting the elements to strings.

• Two new convenience methods are

available: StringBuilder .Clear and Stopwatch .Restart .

• The new Enum .HasFlag method determines whether one or more bitfields or flags are set in an enumeration value.The Enum .TryParse method returns a Boolean value that indicates

whether a string or integer value could be successfully parsed.

• The System .Environment .SpecialFolder enumeration contains several

new folders.

• You can now easily copy one stream into another with

the CopyTo method in classes that inherit fromthe System.IO .Stream class.

• New Path .Combine method overloads enable you to combine filepaths.

• Thenew System .IObservable (Of T ) and System .IObserver (Of T ) interfa

ces provide a generalized mechanism for push-based notifications.

• The System .IntPtr and System .UIntPtr classes now include supportfor the addition and subtraction operators.

• You can now enable lazy initialization for any custom type by wrapping

the type inside a System .Lazy (Of T ) class.

• The new System.Collections.Generic .SortedSet (Of T ) class provides

a self-balancing tree that maintains data in sorted order after



insertions, deletions, and searches. This class implements thenew System.Collections.Generic .ISet (Of T ) interface.

• The compression algorithms forthe System.IO.Compression .DeflateStream and System.IO.Compression .GZipStream classes have improved so that data that is already

compressed is no longer inflated. Also, the 4-gigabyte size restrictionfor compressing streams has been removed.

• The new Monitor .Enter(Object, Boolean ) method overload takes a

Boolean reference and atomically sets it to true only if the monitor issuccessfully entered.

• You can use the Thread .Yield method to have the calling thread yieldexecution to another thread that is ready to run on the currentprocessor.

• The System .Guid structure now contains

the TryParse and TryParseExact methods.

• The new Microsoft.Win32 .RegistryOptions enumeration lets you

specify a volatile registry key that does not persist after the computerrestarts.

• Registry keys are no longer restricted to a maximum length of 255characters.

Managed Extensibility Framework

The Managed Extensibility Framework (MEF) is a new library in the .NETFramework 4 that helps you build extensible and composable applications.

MEF enables you to specify points where an application can be extended, toexpose services to offer to other extensible applications and to create partsfor consumption by extensible applications. It also enables easy

discoverability of available parts based on metadata, without the need toload the assemblies for the parts.

Parallel Computing

The .NET Framework 4 introduces a new programming model for writing

multithreaded and asynchronous code that greatly simplifies the work of application and library developers. The new model enables developers to

write efficient, fine-grained, and scalable parallel code in a natural idiomwithout having to work directly with threads or the thread pool. The

new System.Threading.Tasks namespace and other related types supportthis new model. Parallel LINQ (PLINQ), which is a parallel implementation of LINQ to Objects, enables similar functionality through declarative syntax .



Networking

Networking improvements include the following:

• Security improvements for Windows authentication in several classes,including System.Net .HttpWebRequest , System.Net .HttpListener ,Sy

stem.Net.Mail .SmtpClient , System.Net.Security .SslStream ,and System.Net.Security .NegotiateStream . Extended protection is

available for applications on Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2.

• Support for Network Address Translation (NAT) traversal using IPv6

and Teredo.

• New networking performance counters that provide informationabout HttpWebRequest objects. For more information, see NetworkingPerformance Counters.

• In the System.Net .HttpWebRequest class, support for using large byterange headers (64-bit ranges) with new overloads for

the AddRange method. New properties onthe System.Net .HttpWebRequest class allow an application to set

many HTTP headers. You can use the Host property to set the Hostheader value in an HTTP request that is independent from the requestURI.

• Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) support for

the System.Net.Mail .SmtpClient and related classes.

• Improved support for mail headers in

the System.Net.Mail .MailMessage class.

• Support for a null cipher for use in encryption. You can specify theencryption policy by using the System.Net .ServicePointManager classand theEncryptionPolicy property. Constructors forthe System.Net.Security .SslStream class now takea System.Net.Security .EncryptionPolicy class as a parameter.

• Credentials for password-based authentication schemes such as basic,digest, NTLM, and Kerberos authentication in

the System.Net .NetworkCredentialclass. To improved security,passwords may now be treated

as System.Security .SecureString instances ratherthan System .String instances.

• Ability to specify how a URI with percent-encoded values is convertedand normalized in

the System .Uri and System.Net .HttpListener classes .

Web

http://127.0.0.1:47873/help/0-2320/ms.help?method=page&id=P%3ASYSTEM.NET.SERVICEPOINTMANAGER.ENCRYPTIONPOLICY&product=VS&productVersion=100&topicVersion=100&locale=EN-US&topicLocale=EN-US

http://127.0.0.1:47873/help/0-2320/ms.help?method=page&id=P%3ASYSTEM.NET.SERVICEPOINTMANAGER.ENCRYPTIONPOLICY&product=VS&productVersion=100&topicVersion=100&locale=EN-US&topicLocale=EN-US



ASP.NET version 4 introduces new features in the following areas:

• Core services, including a new API that lets you extend caching,

support for compression for session-state data, and a new applicationpreload manager (autostart feature).

•

Web Forms, including more integrated support for ASP.NET routing,enhanced support for Web standards, updated browser support, new

features for data controls, and new features for view statemanagement.

• Web Forms controls, including a new Chart control.

• MVC, including new helper methods for views, support for partitioned

MVC applications, and asynchronous controllers.

• Dynamic Data, including support for existing Web applications, support

for many-to-many relationships and inheritance, new field templatesand attributes, and enhanced data filtering.

• Microsoft Ajax, including additional support for client-based Ajaxapplications in the Microsoft Ajax Library.

• Visual Web Developer, including improved IntelliSense for JScript, newauto-complete snippets for HTML and ASP.NET markup, and enhancedCSS compatibility.

• Deployment, including new tools for automating typical deployment

tasks.

• Multi-targeting, including better filtering for features that are not

available in the target version of the .NET Framework.

ClientWindows Presentation Foundation

In the .NET Framework 4, Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) containschanges and improvements in many areas, including controls, graphics, and

XAML.

DataADO.NET

ADO.NET provides new features for the Entity Framework, includingPersistence-Ignorant Objects, functions in LINQ queries, and CustomizedObject Layer Code Generation.

Dynamic Data

For ASP.NET 4, Dynamic Data has been enhanced to give you even more

power for quickly building data-driven Web sites. This includes the following:



• Automatic validation that is based on constraints that are defined inthe data model.

• The ability to easily change the markup that is generated for fields inthe GridView and DetailsView controls by using field templates that arepart of a Dynamic Data project.

Communications and Workflow

Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) provides messaging

enhancements and seamless integration with Windows Workflow Foundation(WF). WF provides improvements in performance, scalability, workflowmodeling, and an updated visual designer.

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