project report for the proposed 2 x 600 mt capacity...

Project Report for the proposed 2 X 600 MT capacity Mounded LPG Storage vessels of Indian Oil Corporation Limited

Raipur LPG Bottling Plant, Phase-1, Siltara CSIDC, Raipur (Chhattisgarh)

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INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LTD.(MARKETING DIVISION)

LPG BOTTLING PLANT , PHASE-I, CSIDC , SILTARA –RAIPUR – 493111

CHHATTISGARH

PROJECT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED 2 X 600 MT CAPACITY MOUNDED LPG STORAGE VESSELS

THE PROJECT – 2 x 600 MT LPG MOUNDED STORAGE AT IOCL, LPG BOTTLING PLANT, SILTARA , RAIPUR , CG



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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL

Oil marketing companies have projected an increase in demand of Liquefied Petroleum Gas

(LPG) in future due to increase in its domestic use. The demand is likely to increase

substantially over the years to come. Oil PSUs have planned enrollment of new customers to

saturate the demand potential as per directive of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas,

Government of India.

In line with the requirement envisaged and to ensure fulfillment of demand, MOP&NG has

planned that different oil companies should increase storage for LPG. Accordingly Indian Oil

Corporation Limited proposes to expand storage capacity at different locations in India to

meet the demand.

1.2 PROJECT LOCATION

The proposed expansion project is located on existing 26.93 acre plot in LPG Bottling plant at

Siltara, Raipur, CG -493111 .

1.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

IOCL proposes to provide LPG Storage in the form of 2 x 600 MT Mounded Storage Vessels at

LPG Bottling Plant, Siltara, Raipur which is distributed through LPG Cylinders in entire

Chhattisgarh Region .

2.1 LPG BULK STORAGE

Each LPG storage bullet will be of mounded type and will have storage capacity of 450 MT

each. There will be only one LPG liquid nozzle through which LPG shall be received and

discharged from each bullet.

The design & operating parameters / material specifications for the mounded LPG bullet are

presented in Table 2.1.

The following safety provisions are provided for each bullet :

1. Independent two numbers pressure safety valves (PSVs) each connected to a vent

stack , 3M high.



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2. Remote Operated Valve (ROV) on the inlet LPG liquid and vapour line.

3. Radar type Level Gauge

4. Two different types of Level Gauges

5. Cathodic Protection (CP) System

6. Earthing System

7. Gas Monitoring Sensors

T



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TABLE 2.1

DESIGN & OPERATING PARAMETERS / MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

FOR LPG MOUNDED STORAGE BULLET

Sr. No. Parameter Remark

I Vessel

1. Storage Capacity 600 MT

2. Volumetric Water Capacity 1022 m3

3. Density of LPG 0.54 gm/cm3

4. Design Code PD: 5500 (Latest Edition)

CATEGORY 1 , SMPV Rules ,

OISD - 150 Std.

5. Design Pressure (Kg/Cm2 ) 15.4 (Internal)

1.855(External

6. Operating Pressure 15.4 kg/cm2

7. Design Temperature -270 C to + 55o C

8. Operating Pressure Ambient

9. Hydraulic Test Pressure As per code PD:5500

10. Radiography 100% before and after Post

Weld Heat Treatment

11. Corrosion Allowance 1.5 mm

12. Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) Required

13. Wet Fluorescent Magnetic particle testing Required after PWHT

14. hardness checking of heat Affected Zone (HAZ) Required after PWHT

15. Mapping of Plate Thickness Required

16. Joint Efficiency 1

17. Length of Pressure Vessel 48212 mm (approx.)

18. Diameter of Vessel 6050 mm (approx.)

19. Dished Ends Hemisphere

Note : All openings will be of Flanged type with nozzle construction



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Table 2.1 Contd..

II MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

1. Shell, Dished Ends, Stiffener Rings, Pad Plates,

Cleats etc.

BS 1501 part I 224 Gr. 490

2. Nozzles SA 333 Gr. 6

3. Flanges SA 350 Gr. LF2 - ASA 300

Weld neck raised face

dimensions as per ANSI B 16.5

4. Couplings SA 350 Gr. LF2 6000 lbs.

5. Studs / Nuts SA 320 Gr. L7 /

SA 194 Gr. 7

6. Gaskets SS 304 / 316 Spiral Wound

Asbestos filled

III NOZZLES

1. 600 mm dia. manhole with cover 2 nos.

2. 150 mm dia. nozzle for liquid receipt /

withdrawal line at bottm

1 no.

3. 100 mm dia. nozzle for liquid return with dip

pipe at Top

1 no.

4. Nozzle of 150mm size for Servo Level Gauge 1 no.

5. 40mm nozzle for Pressure Gauge at Top 1 no.

6. 50mm nozzle for Temperature Gauge at Top 1 no.

7. 100 mm dia. nozzles for vapour line on Top (1

nozzle with dip pipe)

2 Nos.

8. 100mm dia size nozzles for Safety Valves on Top 2 Nos.

9 150mm nozzle for radar gauge 1 no

Notes:

1) Nozzle flanges shall be as per ANSI B16.5 type.



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2) The liquid inlet / outlet Nozzle shall extend upto 3m from the face of the vessels & shall have

no flange joint except at the end. It shall be adequately supported & shall be stress relieved &

hydrotested.

2.2 FIRE FIGHTING FACILITIES

Plant has Automatic Fire Fighting System installed and the same will be integrated for

Mounded Storage Vessels in line with OISD-144 & OISD-150. Apart from this a hydrant main

ring will be provided in the surrounding of proposed mounded Storage Vessels with Fire

Hydrant Points and Monitors at strategic locations as per OISD-144.

2.3 POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM

The requirements of power supply will be met with the existing power supplied by

Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board and two nos. of DG Sets of capacities 400 KVA & 160

KVA have been provided to supply power during power failure.

The Basic Flow Diagram for activities in the existing LPG Bottling plant is as furnished below :

RECEIPT OF LPG IN TANK TRUCKS & UNLOADING IN

LPG STORAGE BULLETS AT PLANT

FILLING OF LPG FROM LPG BULLETS INTO EMPTY

LPG CYLINDERS USING LPG PUMP AND FILLING

CAROUSEL

LOADING OF LPG CYLINDERS INTO TRUCKS

AFTER POST-FILLING CHECKS

DESPATCH OF LOADED CYLINDER TRUCKS TO DISTRIBUTORS’

GODOWN



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2.4 PROPERTIES OF LPG

LPG has been identified as 'hazardous chemical' as per Manufacture, Storage and Import of

Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989/1994.

LPG marketed in India is governed by IS 4576 and test methods by IS 1448. IS 4576 defines

LPG as a mixture of light hydrocarbons derived from petroleum which are gaseous at

ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure but may be condensed to the liquid state at

normal ambient temperature by the application of moderate pressure.

LPG to be handled at the facility under study will be Propane - Butane mixture, with small

quantities of unsaturated hydrocarbons. LPG is highly flammable, capable of producing fire

and explosion hazards under certain conditions.

LPG at atmospheric pressure and temperature is a gas which is 1.5 to 2.0 times heavier than

air. It is easily liquefied under moderate pressure, Since LPG vapour is heavier than air, it

normally settles down at ground level/low lying areas. This accumulation of LPG vapour

gives rise to potential fire and explosion.

LPG has an explosive limit range of 1.8% to 9.5% by volume of the gas in air. This is

considerably narrower than other common gaseous fuel. Combustion of LPG increases the

volume of products in addition to generation of heat. LPG requires about 24 to 30 times its

own volume of air for complete combustion and yields 3-4 times its own volume of CO2. The

heat of combustion is about 10,900 Kcal/kg.

LPG is colourless both in liquid and vapour phase. During leakage, vapourisation of LPG cools

the atmosphere and condenses the water vapour contained in it forming a white fog. This

makes possible to see an escape of LPG.

LPG has a low viscosity (around 0.3 C.S. at 45°C) and can leak when other petroleum products

can not. This property demands a high degree of integrity in the pressurised systems

handling LPG to avoid leakage.



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LPG has a very faint smell and as such for detecting leakage of LPG, ethyl mercaptan is

generally added in the ratio approx. 1 kg of mercaptan per 100 cubic ft. of liquid LPG (20

ppm).

LPG is slightly toxic. Although it is not poisonous in vapour phase, it suffocates when present

in large concentrations due to displacement of oxygen. Immediately Dangerous to Life &

Health (IDLH) value of LPG is generally taken as 19000 ppm.

Highly inflammable pyrophoric iron sulphide is formed due to reaction of loose iron/iron

oxide with sulphur or its compounds. Formation of pyrophoric iron sulphide is prevented by

totally eliminating H2S, limiting the total volatile sulphur to 0.2% by mass and reducing loose

iron oxide by thoroughly cleaning the storage vessels internally during outage.

However, pyrophoric iron sulphide will not spontaneously ignite in a Mounded Vessel or a

cylinder due to high concentration of LPG which is much above the upper flammable limit.

When these vessels are aired (during opening to atmosphere or air entrapped condition) to

within or below the range, it will ignite spontaneously unless steam/water is used to cut the

sulphur iron reaction. Similar type of precaution is needed while opening the strainers of

LPG pumps or any other location where loose iron oxide is expected.

Some of the important physical and chemical properties bearing on risk assessment are

presented in Table 2.2.

2.5 HAZARDS OF LPG

When LPG is released from a storage vessel or a pipeline, a fraction of LPG vapourises

immediately and the other portion forms a pool if the released liquid quantity is more. LPG

from the pool vapourises rapidly entrapping some liquid as droplets as well as considerable

amount-of air, forming a gas cloud. The gas cloud is relatively heavier than air and forms a

thin layer on the ground. The cloud flows into trenches and depressions and in this way

travels a considerable distance.

As the cloud formed in the area of spill moves-downwind under influence of wind, it gets

diluted. A small spark within the flammability limit can cause flash fire, explosion and if the



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liquid pool still exists and remains in touch of cloud under fire it can ignite the whole mass of

liquid. However, in case of non existence of any source of fire there will be no occurrence of

hazardous event and the cloud may get diluted to such a level that the mixture is no longer

explosive.

TABLE 2.2

IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG)

Sr.

No.

Property Remark

1. Appearance and Odour Colourless and odourless gas

when pure. Normally marketed

with mercaptan odouring agent.

2. Composition Mixture of commercial propane,

butane and unsaturated

hydrocarbons.

3. Liquid Density 500 to 580 kg/m3 at 15 deg. C

depending on composition

4. Vapour Density 1.5 to 2.0 times heavier than air.

5. Boiling Point - 50 to -0.5 deg. C.

6. Flammability Limits in Air LFL - 1.9% V/V.

UFL - 9.5% V/V.

7. Permissible Exposure Limit- OSHA Standard 1000 ppm (1800 mg/m3 )

Different types of combustion reactions associated in case of release of LPG from the

containment are listed in the following sections.

Escaping jet of LPG from pressure vessels / piping, if ignited, causes a Jet flame. The jet flame

direction and tilt depend on prevailing wind direction and velocity. Damage, in case of such

type of jet fires, is restricted within plant boundary. However, the ignited jet can impinge on

other vessels and equipment carrying LPG and can cause domino effect.

The liquid pool, if ignited, causes a 'Pool Fire'. In the pool fire, LPG burns with long smoky

flame throughout the pool diameter radiating intense heat which creates severe damage to



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the adjoining buildings, structures, other vessels and equipment causing secondary fires. The

flame may tilt under influence of wind and may get propagated / blown several pool

diameters down wind. Damage, in case of such fires, is restricted within the plant area and

near the source of generation except causing a phenomena, called Boiling Liquid Expanding

Vapour Explosion (BLEVE), which is discussed and detailed below.

However, in case of plants having a good layout maintaining safe separation distances and

other precautionary measures, the damage is minimum.

Clouds of LPG vapour mixed with air (within flammability limit) may cause propagating

flames when ignited. In certain cases flame may take place within seconds. The thermal

radiation intensity is severe depending on the total mass of LPG in the cloud and may cause

secondary fires. When the flame travels very fast it explodes causing high overpressures or

blast effects causing heavy damage at considerable distance from the release point. Such

explosions are called unconfined vapour cloud explosions and are most common cause of

such industrial accidents.

BLEVE occurs when pressure inside a storage vessel increases above the design pressure

due to a fire in the adjacent area. Due to impingement of flame or due to radiant heat,

temperature in the vapour portion of the storage vessel increases rapidly compared to the

portion filled with liquid. Increase in temperature weakens the shell and the shell can burst

open spilling the whole mass. The released liquid splashes and atomizes immediately often

resulting in a fireball in contact with an ignition source. The fireball lasts only a few seconds.

The effect of BLEVE can extend beyond the plant boundary in case of catastrophic failure of

large pressurized storage vessels but occurrence of such phenomena is very rare.

The storage in IOCL's context will be 'Mounded' type and hence will be protected from direct

flame impingement caused by any eventual fire in the surroundings. Due to this there won't

be any initialization of sequence of events that lead to occurrence of BLEVE and subsequent

BLEVE will not occur.



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3. SAFETY PHILOSOPHY

LPG is a common material used extensively in households as well as industry. If its

characteristics are understood well and proper precautions as stipulated in various codes

and standards are followed, it is an easy and safe material to handle. Accordingly, in most of

the developed / developing countries, where LPG is consumed in million tons / year, specific

codes and standards are available for storing and handling of LPG.

3.1 LPG INSTALLATIONS - CODES & STANDARDS

Codes and standards which are generally followed for LPG installations are as follows:

1. NPPA (National Fire Protection Association of USA) Standards

- NFPA-58 : Standard for the Storage and Handling of Liquified

Petroleum Gases

- NFPA-59 : LP-Gases at Utility Gas Plants

2. API (American Petroleum Institute) Standards

- API-2510: Design & Construction of LPG installations

3. IP (Institute of Petroleum) Standards .

- IP-9: Liquified Petroleum Gas - Large Bulk Storage of Pressurised

and Refrigerated LPG

4. The Static and Mobile Pressure Vessels (Unfired) Rules, 1981 of India

(SMPV Rules)

5. OISD (Oil Industry Safety Directorate) Guidelines

-OISD RP - 158 : Recommended Practices on Storage and Handling of Bulk Liquified

Petroleum Gas (LPG), 1997. (This is being followed by Public Sector Refineries and Oil

Industry in India. It is currently a guide and not a mandatory code or standard).

LPG storage tanks tike any other pressurised vessels may be designed as per any of the

following well known international or local codes / standards:

- ASME, Section VIII, Division I

- ASME, Section VIII, Division II

- BS 5500

- IS 2825



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3.2 MOUNDED STORAGE FOR LPG

LPG is normally stored in above ground storage mainly spheres and cylindrical tanks, namely,

bullets & Horton spheres, the advantage being their accessibility for regular inspection and

maintenance which is important for such storage for hazardous service. But these storages

are susceptible to fire impingement and can give rise to Boiling Liquid Expanding

Vapour Explosions (BLEVE).

The reason for selecting mounded or buried bullets for LPG storage is to protect them

from direct flame impingement caused by any eventual fire in the surroundings and

thus prevent initiation of the sequence of events leading to an occurrence of BLEVE.

The mounded storage concept basically originated from Europe and specialized codes exist in

Germany such as:

DIN 4681 Tl : Statutory Steel Pressure Vessels for Liquified Petroleum Gases for Earth

Covered Installations, Dimensions and Equipment.

During construction phase, a slight increase in the ambient noise levels is anticipated. This

impact will be temporary and limited to the construction phase. Hence no permanent impact

on this account is expected.

During the operational phase, no major social impact in the general area is expected.

There will be no change in the occupational structure of the workforce. As there will be no

emissions into air, no liquid effluents and no solid wastes no negative impact on the health of

the inhabitants in and around the project site is expected.

3.3 Water Resources

The total water requirement for MSV project will be met within the premises. Adequate

water for proposed project is available.

3.4 Water Quality and Aquatic Ecology

The proposed LPG storage will not generate any process effluent. The only wastewaters from

the plant will be domestic effluent. The domestic wastewater will be treated through septic

tank followed by a soak pit. Water used for fire fighting drills will be used for gardening &

water harvesting etc.



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Hence no permanent impact will be caused on the environment on this account.

3.5 Air Quality

Sufficient baseline data for air quality of the region and its surroundings is available. The dust

from earthworks, vehicular emissions and the usage of D.G. set in case of power failure are

the only sources of air pollution from the site.

Power supply will be met by Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board (CSEB). There is no

requirement of steam hence no boiler and no emissions due to utilities. Since the proposed

facilities plan to store LPG there are no process emissions as well.

Adequate heights of the stacks for atmospheric emissions help dispersing and diluting

pollutants to within the prescribed limits. In view of the above mentioned point there will be

no impact on the air quality. There will be no significant effects on air quality in the context

of human health.

Noise levels in and around the proposed plant site are measured. These values represent

baseline status of noise levels. During construction phase, a slight increase in noise is

anticipated. This impact will be temporary and limited to the construction phase. Hence no

permanent impact on this account is expected.

3.6 Human Resettlement

The closest village to the proposed site is Mandhar. The major occupations of population is

industrial labour activities.

Any major activity that may lead to resettlement of the village is considered as permanent

impact. The proposed facility does not envisage any displacement of population as the project

to be carried out within the existing plant premises. Hence there is no impact on this account.

3.7 Forests/ National Parks/Sanctuaries

There are no reserve forests, sanctuaries within a radius of 25 kms of the proposed plant site.

No new acquisition of land is envisaged for plant.

Any major deforestation is considered as permanent impact Since no forest land is utilised, it

will not result in deforestation. Hence there will be no impact on this account due to the

project.



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3.8 Infrastructure and Services

No additional Infrastructure required for the proposed Mounded Storage Vessels project as

the facilities are already available. The development shall only lead to positive impact on

infrastructure and services.

3.10 Environmental Hazards

The project proponents have designed all the safety aspects in planning, designing and

operation of the plant as per international practice. Such safety aspects are adequate to take

care of any hazard associated with the project.

3.11 Terrestrial Ecology

Any construction activity brings a significant change to the site top soil and some components

of the local terrestrial ecosystem. However, the adverse impacts are restricted to the project

construction site and to some extent its immediate vicinity. The selected site is plain and

leveled and will involve excavation and site preparation.

Rare or endangered species of flora and fauna do not exist in and around the proposed site.

Adequate green belt will be planted which will provide improved vegetation habitat.



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4.1 MATRIX REPRESENTATION

Qualitative Potential Impacts and Mitigate Measures during Construction and Operation

stage are presented in Table 4.1.

TABLE 4.1

POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATIVE MEASURES

CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Environmental

Components

Potential

Impacts

Source of

Impact

Mitigate

Measures

Remarks

Surface Water

Quality

- Construction of

industrial units,

seepage of soil

particles

Site and

equipment

selection

Short term

Air Quality Increased

particulates

and NOx

Construction

equipment and

vehicular traffic

Vehicular

pollution check,

water spraying

---do---

Socio -

Economic

Increase in

income of

people

Growth and

activity due to

project

Beneficial

Terrestrial

Ecology

Existing

ecosystem on

site & topsoil

Construction of

project

Green belt on

project site,

limiting area

development

----do----

Noise Increased noise

level

Construction

activities

Equipment

maintenance

Minor impact



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OPERATION STAGE

Environmental

Components

Potential

Impacts

Source of

Impact

Mitigative

Measures

Remarks

Water Quality Domestic

wastewater

Domestic

wastewaters

treated in

septic tank and

soak pit. Septic

tank will be

cleaned

regularly.

Air quality Stack

emissions

from standby

D.G. sets

Adequate stack

height , green

belt.

Insignificant

impact AAQ

standards will

be met.

Terrestrial

Ecology

Minor loss of

habitat, flora &

fauna

Project

activities

Green belt Marginal

impact. Will

eventually

provide new

habitat by

green belt.

Noise Increased noise

level

Project

operation

Noise

abatement

Green belt.

Minor impact

Infrastructure &

Services

Improved

communication

transport

facilities

Project Development

will be gradual

Beneficial

impact

Environmental Risk to Handling and Proper safety Insignificant



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Hazards environment

and neighboring

population

storage of

L.P.G., diesel

measures,

housekeeping

Disaster

management

plan

Adverse impact

5. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

5.1 INTRODUCTION

The impacts of proposed LPG storage on environment has been discussed as above. The

environmental management plan is prepared to minimise the impact of proposed project on

the surrounding environment. The environmental management plan is prepared for

construction phase, post construction phase (commissioning) and post project phase.

5.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The proposed storage is to be constructed on existing land acquired by IOCL from CSIDC.

Environmental pollution during construction will be mainly due to site preparation,

movement of vehicles and heavy machinery and construction activities. Small amount of dust

is generated during these activities.

During construction phase maximum 100 workers will be working at site. Since the

construction jobs to be done in a running plant, no labour camps are will be provided within

the plant premises but adequate sanitary facilities and drinking water shall be provided at

site in order to maintain hygienic conditions. All the construction workers shall be provided

with necessary personal safety equipment.

Well maintained diesel operated construction equipments shall be used to minimise the

exhaust and subsequent atmospheric pollutants.

Adequate supply of fuel shall be provided for the construction activities. Fuels, oxygen

cylinders, compressed gases, paint materials etc. shall be stored as per the accepted safety

standards.



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The impact of noise during construction phase on nearby habitants will be marginal. The

construction workers will be provided with earnnuffs. The site shall be secured by fencing.

5.3 POST CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The impacts of LPG storage during operational phase are evaluated in table 4.1. The

maximum anticipated impacts will be environmental hazards. Another considerable impact

will be felt on terrestrial ecology and land use. Environmental management plan is prepared

to minimise these impacts. The post construction environmental management plan will

include the following:

i. The LPG storage is devoid of any process wastewaters, vent stacks and solid wastes.

As such the project will not require any air pollution control systems, wastewater

treatment facility or solid waste disposal systems.

ii. Maintaining log books for water consumption, storages of hazardous substances.

iii. The major occupational health/safety hazards anticipated in the working

environment are due to LPG leakages:

LPG leakage can cause fire and explosion such as Uncontrolled Vapour Cloud

Explosion (UVCE).Pool Fire Jet Flame, etc. Road tankers failure and filled cylinder

failure can cause BLEVE along with UVCE.

Adequate safety measures such as fire protection are already available in the plant.

Extensive Risk Assessment Studies were conducted and the hazard distances were

identified. Disaster Management Plan is available for any such emergencies arising

due to LPG leakages.

iv. All the plant personnel have been provided with personal protective equipments

such as glasses, helmets, gloves, safety belts and shoes etc. Other personal protective

equipment provided as per OISD-144 for fire fighting purposes are Self Contained

Breathing Apparatus (SCBA), Respirators, fire entry suits and fire protective suits.

Sufficient number of first aid boxes are available. Medical arrangements are also

available in nearby hospital at a distance of 2 kms to admit affected people in case

of emergency. One vehicle is available for shifting injured persons. In addition,

arrangements will be made with local ambulance services for shifting affected during

emergency.

v. Out of the 26.93 acres of land acquired by IOCL , around 9 acres is available for green



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belt development. The objectives of green belt are:

Noise abatement

Ecological restoration

Soil erosion prevention

Improvement in aesthetic environment

5.4 ALREADY IMPLEMENTED MONITORING PROGRAMME

i. IOCL monitor periodically through an approved laboratory, the plant site for ambient

air parameters as well as for meteorological parameters.

ii. The proposed storage project will not generate any process effluents and the

domestic wastewaters is treated through septic tank followed by soak pits. The septic

tanks are cleaned periodically.

iii. Quality of storage and handling equipments, safety, fire fighting and fire protection

equipments and other machinery are maintained and inspected periodically to ensure

safe and effective usage. All the tank trucks are being checked and inspected

periodically for safety fittings, electrical wiring, mechanical condition etc. to ensure

safe transportation of LPG on the road outside the premises.

iv. Periodical assessment of the status of health of the employees, environment, drinking

water, canteen hygiene and other welfare facilities is being made. Cleanliness of

toilets, washing/bathing facilities and extermination of rodents, pests, flies etc is

ensured.

v. Safety awareness programmes and training programmes are regularly conducted for

employees, transporters, delivery boys, dealers and consumers etc.

vi. Mock fire drills are conducted periodically to ensure coordination during

emergencies.



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SAFETY DATA SHEET

_________________________________________________________________

1. CHEMICAL IDENTITY

Chemical Name : Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Chemical Classification : Aromatic Mixture

Synonyms : LPG, Propane, Butane, Propylene, Purotax,

Bottled Gas

_________________________________________________________________

Formula : C3H4-C3H6-C4H10 (Mixture)

C.A.S. No. : 68476-85-7

U.N. No. : 1075

_________________________________________________________________

Regulated Identification

Shipping Name : Liquified Petroleum Gas

Codes/Label : Flammable Class 2.

Hazardous Waste : ID No. 5

Hazchem Code : 2 W E

_________________________________________________________________

HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS

1. Liquified petroleum Gas (CAS NO. 68476-85-7)

2. Propane (CAS NO. 74-98-6

3. Butane (CAS NO. 106-97-8)

4. Propylene (CAS NO. 115-07-1)

_________________________________________________________________

2. PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL DATA

Boiling Pt./Range : > -40º

Physical State : Gas

Appearance : Colourless

Odour : Mercaptan added for odour warning.

Melting/Freezing Pt. : Not Pertinent

Vapour Pressure @ 35º : Not Available

Vapour Density Air=1 : 1.5

Solubility in water at 30º : Floats



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Others : Soluble in Organic Sovents, Alcohol

Specific Gravity (water = 1) : 0.51-0.58

pH : Not Pertinent

_________________________________________________________________

3. FIRE/EXPLOSION DATA

Flammability : Yes

LEL : 1.9%

UEL : 9.5%

Flash Point Deg C Open Cup : 104.4 Propane, 60 Butane

_________________________________________________________________

Autoignition Temperature Deg C : 466 Propane, 405 Butane

Explosion Sensitivity to impact : Explodes

Explosion Sensitivity to static Electricity : Explodes

Hazardous Combustion Products : Emits CO, CO2

Hazardous Polymerisation : Will not occur

_________________________________________________________________

Combustible Liquid : Yes

Flammable Material : Yes

Pyrophoric Material : No

Explosive Material : Yes

Oxidiser : No

Organic Peroxide : No

Corrosive Material : No

_________________________________________________________________

4. REACTIVITY DATA

Chemical Stability : Stable

Incompatibility with other material : Strong Oxidisers

_________________________________________________________________

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA

Routes of entry : Inhalation, Skin

Effects of Exposure/Symptoms : Concentration in air greater than 10% causes

dizziness in few minutes. 1% conc. Gives the



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same symptoms in 10 minutes. High

concentration causes asphyxiation. Liquid on

skin causes frostbite.

Emergency Treatment : If inhaled, remove the victim to fresh air area.

Provide artificial resuscitation. Skin : Remove the

wetted clothes and wash the affected area with

plenty of water. Eyes: Flush with plenty of water

for 15 minutes. Seek medical aid.

_________________________________________________________________

LD50 (Oral-Rat) : Not listed

Permissible Exposure Limit : Not listed

TLV (ACGIH) : 1000 ppm (1800 mg/cu.m.)

STEL : Not listed

Odour threshold : 5000 to 20000 ppm

_________________________________________________________________

NFPA Hazard : Health Flammability Reactivity Special

1 4 0

_________________________________________________________________

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Personnel : Avoid contact with liquid or gas.

Protective Equipment : Provide hand gloves, safety goggles, gas mask,

protective overclothing and shoes.

_________________________________________________________________

Handling & Storage Precautions : Keep in tightly closed cylinders in a cool well

ventilated area, away from heat, flame and

sparks.

_________________________________________________________________



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7. EMERGENCY/FIRST AID MEASURES

FIRE

Fire Extinguishing Media : CO2, Dry chemical powder, water spray

Special Procedure : Keep the containers cool by spraying water, if

exposed to fire or heat.

Unusual Hazards : Containers will explode in fire.

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EXPOSURE

First Aid Measures : If inhaled, remove the victim to open air area and

artificial resuscitation may be provided, if

required. If skin is affected with the liquid,

remove the clothing and wash the affected area

with plenty of water. Seek immediate medical

aid.

Antidotes/Dosages : Not available

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SPILLS

Steps to be taken : Shut off leaks if without risk. Warn everybody

that it is explosive.

Waste Disposal Method : Allow to evaporate under control and protect the

area.

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8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES

Avoid contact with oxidizers. Olefinic impurities may lead to narcotic effect or it may act as a simple

asphyxiant. A very dangerous hazard when exposed to heat or flame. If fire is big, keep surrounding

areas cool by spraying water. Allow gas to burn under control.

project report for the proposed 2 x 600 mt capacity...

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