project report by me

8/3/2019 Project Report by Me

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INTODUCTION TO PROJECT

OBJECTIVE

SIGNIFICANCE

DFD

ER DIAGRAM


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Planning Phase

Problem Recognition

A problem is well defined very rarely. It corps out with a vague feeling

of some statements lead to vague conclusions. So the first task is to

get more crucial information by interviewing and meeting concerned

people. It clarifies how the problem is felt, how often it occurs, how it

affects the business and which departments are suffering with this.

This phase consists of the following tasks.

1. Problem Definition & Initial Investigation

This was a preliminary investigation done with a view to have a feel

of the working of the proposed system. This phase has been identified

the end-user directly involved in the system who were the managers,

assistant officer and database administrator, and the developmentdepartment. By understanding the working of database, its flow and

also after conducting meetings and interviews with the concerned

persons of the department, a clear idea about the working was

obtained. A flexible approach is adapted towards people who are


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interviewed. Short hand written notes are prepared based on the

response of the employees. The interviews are preferably conducted at

the work place of the person being interviewed. Detailed investigation

is done in order to define the scope of the problem. The interview isconcluded with a quick resume of the ground covered during the

interview. The Questionnaire technique is combined with interviews to

get the best result. Proper care has been taken in the design of such

questionnaires so that the persons answering these questions does not

feel hesitant. An explanatory note that serves to gain cooperation and

avoid misunderstanding by setting out the purpose of the exercise

clearly accomplishes each questionnaire. Observation technique is also

used for fact finding. The work described at the time of interview is

observed personally ads it reduces the chances of mis-understanding

and omissions. Some important things observed are like the flow of

information through the system and important data transactions, the

data being maintained and the frequency of their updating.

By the end of this phase, idea as to how the information enters the

system, how it is stored, how it is processed, how information changes

affects the working of the system and finally the output format

required by the end-user was collected. All the information generated

from this phase acted as an input to the next phase.

2. Feasibility study .

A feasibility study is an evaluation of a proposal designed to determine

the difficulty in carrying out a designated task. Generally, a feasibility

study precedes technical development and project implementation. A


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feasibility study is a test of a system proposal according to its

workability impact on organization, ability to meet user needs and

effective use of resources. The objective of a feasibility study is not to

solve a problem but to acquire a sense of its scope. In other words, afeasibility study is an evaluation or analysis of the potential impact of a

proposed project. During the study, the problem definition is

crystallized and the aspects of the problem to be included in the

system are determined. After the initial investigation of system, this

helped to have in-depth study of existing system, understanding its

strength and weaknesses & requirements for new proposed

system.Feasibility study was done in three phases documented below:

a) Behavioral feasibility : People are inherently resistant to change

and computers have been known to facilitate change. There is always

some reluctance among the users against the introduction of new

system but they were told that this system would eliminate the

unnecessary overhead of database migration and conversion, whichpresently had to be carried out on daily basis to facilitate transactions

between the different departments. The objective this feasibility phase

is to take the operational staff into confidence. As the success of a

good system depends upon the willingness of the operating staff, they

were taken into full confidence that the new proposed system would

make their jobs easier, relieve them from the unnecessary overheads

and reduce the possibility of errors creeping into the system.

b) Economic feasibility : Economic feasibility is the most frequently

used method for evaluating the effectiveness of the candidate system.


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More commonly known as cost\benefit analysis, the procedure is to

determine the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate

system and compare them with the costs. If benefits outweigh the

costs, then the decision is made to design and implement the system.A cost\benefit analysis was done for the proposed system to evaluate

whether it would be b economically viable or not. The organization has

in store many machines with high processing power necessary to

implement the system. Also the organization has necessary software

i.e. Visual Studio, SQL Server etc. or hardware to support the system.

Considering the programmer time and the negligible

hardware/software cost required for developing the system, it was

found that the benefits in terms of reduced overhead as a result of

elimination of the requirement of database migration and conversion

was more than the cost.

Cost-based study: It is important to identify cost and benefit

factors, which can be categorized as follows: 1. Development costs;and 2. Operating costs. This is an analysis of the costs to be incurred

in the system and the benefits derivable out of the system.

Time-based study: This is an analysis of the time required to

achieve a return on investments. The future value of a project is also a

factor.

c) Technical feasibility: Technical feasibility centers on the

existing computer system. (Hardware/software) and to what extent it

can support the proposed addition also the organization already has


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sufficient high-end machines to serve the processing requirements of

the proposed system. So there is no need to purchase new software as

the organization has necessary software i.e. Visual Studio, SQL Server etc or

hardware to support the proposed system. Having gone through thesteps of the overall analysis and feasibility study the next step was to

carry out a detailed system analysis. The project analysis phase was

conducted to learn about the proposed system, to study the problems

and finally select a system that would take care of the problems

identified in the working of the present system.


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INTRODUCTION TO .NET

What is .NET? A vision of how information technology will evolve A platform that supports the vision A business model of software as a service

1. A Vision. Web sites will be joined by Web services New smart devices will join the PC User interfaces will become more adaptable and customizable Enabled by Web standards

2. A Platform. The .NET Framework Visual Studio.NET .NET Enterprise Servers o Database, Messaging, Integration, Commerce, Proxy, Security,Mobility, Orchestration, Content Management .NET Building Block Services o Passporto .NET My Services (Appin)

Goal: make it incredibility easy to build powerful Web applicationsand Webservices

3. A business model. Software as a service Subscription -based services Application hosting, e.g. bCentral

Interoperability: Web languages and protocols must be compatiblewith oneanother independent of hardware and software.

Evolution: The Web must be able to accommodate futuretechnologies. Encourages simplicity, modularity and extensibility.


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Decentralization: Facilitates Scalability and Robustness.

Web Services A programmable application component accessible via standard Web protocols The center of the .NET architecture Exposes functionality over the Web Built on existing and emerging standards are HTTP, XML, SOAP,UDDI, WSDL

Explanation of the .NET Framework

Is a collection of services and classes? Exists as a layer between .NET applications and the underlyingoperating system. Encapsulates much of the functionality, such as debugging andsecurity services. The following figure depicts the components of the .NET Framework.


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Advantages of the .NET Framework

Some advantages of the .NET Framework are:

o Consistent programming modelo Multi-platform applicationso Multi-language integrationo Automatic resource managemento Ease of deployment

ADO.NET

Is a model used by Visual Basic .NET applications to communicatewith a

database for retrieving, accessing, and updating data? Uses a structured process flow to interact with a database.

ADO .NET Data Access

Most applications need data access at one point of time making it acrucialcomponent when working with applications. Data access is making theapplicationinteract with a database, where all the data is stored. Differentapplications havedifferent requirements for database access. VB.NET uses ADO.NET(Active X DataObject) as it's data access and manipulation protocol, which alsoenables us to work with data on the Internet. Let's take a look whyADO.NET came into picture replacing ADO.Evolution of ADO.NET

The first data access model, DAO (data access model) was created for

localdatabases with the built-in Jet engine which had performance andfunctionalityissues. Next came RDO (Remote Data Object) and ADO (Active DataObject) which were designed for Client Server architectures but soonADO took over RDO. ADO was a good architecture but as the languagechanges so is the technology within it. With ADO, all the data is


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contained in a record set object which had problems whenimplemented on the network (Internet) and penetrating firewalls. ADOwas a connected data access which means that when a connection tothe database is established the connection remains open until theapplication is closed, which raises concerns about database securityand network traffic. And also as databases are becoming increasinglyimportant and as they are serving more people a connected dataaccess model makes us think about its use. For example, anapplication with connected data access may do well when connected totwo clients, the same may do poorly when connected to 10 and mightbe unusable when connected to 100 or more. Also, open databaseconnections use system resources to a maximum extent making thesystem performance less effective.

Why ADO.NET?

To cope up with some of the problems mentioned above, ADO.NETcame intoexistence. ADO.NET addresses the above mentioned problems bymaintaining adisconnected database access model which means that when anapplicationinteracts with the database the connection is opened to serve therequest of theapplication and is closed as soon as the request is completed. Likewiseif a database is updated, the connection is opened long enough tocomplete the Update operation and is closed. By keeping connectionsopen for only a minimum period of time ADO.NET conserves systemresources and provides maximum security for databases and also hasless impact on system performance. Also, ADO.NET when interactingwith database uses XML by converting all the data into XML and usingit for database related operations making them more efficient.

Features of ADO.NET

Disconnected data architecture Applications connect to thedatabase onlywhile retrieving and updating data. Data cached in datasets ADO.NET is based on a disconnected datastructure. Therefore, the data is retrieved and stored in datasets.


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Data transfer in XML format ADO.NET uses XML for transferringinformation from a database into a dataset and from the dataset toanother component.

ADO.NET Object Model

Key Components of the ADO.NET Model

Data Provider Is used for connecting to a database, retrieving data,and storing the data.

Is of two types: OLE DB data provider SQL Server data provider

Components of a Data Provider

Connection

Used to establish a connection with a data source Some commonly used properties and methods: _ ConnectionString property _ Open()method _ Close()method _ State property

Data adapter

Creates a dataset and updates the database. Handles data transfer between the database and the dataset

through its properties and methods. Displays the data through the process of table mapping. Are of two types: _ SqlDataAdapter _ OleDbDataAdapter

Data command

Is a SQL statement or a stored procedure that is used toretrieve,


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insert, delete, or modify data from a data source. Is an object of the OleDbCommand or SQLCommand class.

Data reader

Is used to retrieve data from a data source in a read-only andforward only mode. Stores a single row at a time in the memory. Commonly used methods: _ Read() _ Close() _ NextResult()

Dataset

Is a disconnected, cached set of records that are retrieved from adatabase.

Is present as a DataSet class in the System.Data namespace. Has its own object model.


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Relationship among Tables


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Stored Procedure

A Stored Procedure is a SQL Statement. It can be called from anySQL program by giving their names followed by parameters .WeUse CREATE PROCEDURE statement to create an storeprocedure. Stored procedures are usually written by databasedevelopers/administrators. Persons holding these roles areusually more experienced in writing efficient queries and SQLstatements. You can change stored procedure code withoutaffecting clients. Stored procedures provide better security toyour data.

Advantages of Store Procedure By having procedures that handle the database work for your

interface, you eliminate the need to modify the GUI source codeto improve a query's performance. Changes can be made to thestored procedures.

Client execution requests are more efficient.

Stored procedures help promote code reuse.

Stored procedures can encapsulate logic. You can change storedprocedure code without affecting clients.This saves developertime.

Stored procedures provide better security to your data. If you

use stored procedures exclusively, you can remove directSELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE rights from the tablesand force developers to use stored procedures as the method fordata access. This saves DBA's time.

Using stored procedures enables a client application to passcontrol to a stored procedure on the database server. This allows


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the stored procedure to perform intermediate processing on thedatabase server, without transmitting unnecessary data acrossthe network. A properly designed application that processes largeamounts of data using stored procedures returns only the data

that is needed by the client. This reduces the amount of datatransmitted across the network.

Store Procedures Of DataBase Tables

Store Procedures Of Insertion:

Eg: sp_instbreg


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Store Procedures Of Search

Eg:findtbreg

Store Procedures Of Search

Eg:sp_dsptbreg


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Screenshots Of Website


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Implementation

1. Implementation of the project

The implementation phase is less creative then system design. It is

primarily concerned with user training, site preparation and file

conversion. When the candidate system is linked to terminates or

remote sites, the telecommunications network and under

implementation. During the final testing, user acceptance is tested,

followed by user training. Depending on the nature of the system,

extensive user training about the same time the user is being trained

or later.

In the extreme, the programmers are isolated from other aspects of

system development. Programming is it self design work, however.

The initial parameters of candidate system should be modified as a

result of programming efforts. Programming provides a reality test

for the assumptions made by the analyst. It is therefore a assumptions

made by the analyst. It is therefore a mistake to exclude programmers

from the initial system design.

System testing checks the readiness and accuracy of the system to

access, updates, and retrieves data new lines. Once the pogroms

become because available, test data are read into the computer and

processed against the file(s) provided for testing. The programs are

then run with Live data. Otherwise, a diagnostic procedure is used to

locate and correct errors in the program.


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In most conversions, a parallel run is conducted where the new system

runs simultaneously with the old system. This method, though

costly, provided added assure against errors in the system and also

gives the user staff an opportunity to gain experience throughoperation. In same cases, however, parallel processing is not practical.

For e.g. it is not possible to run parallel two online point-of-scale

(POS) systems for a retail chain. In any case, after the system proves

itself, the old system is phased out.

This phase is less creative than design phase. It is primarily concerned

with user training, site preparation and file conversions. The final

communications and links to modules and hardware components are

established to make the software operative. After that the program is

run with live data otherwise a diagnostic.

Procedure is used to locate and correct the errors in the program. In

most of the cases, a parallel run is conducted where the new software

runs simultaneously with the older one, thats why softwareimplementation includes the installation of original software and made

it operational in an operative environment. It continues until the

software is operating in accordance with the defined user

requirements.


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TOOLS/PLATFORM USED:

Front End Active Server Pages(ASP.Net)

User friendly GUI Separation of work (designing &

coding) Written once run anywhere Middle-Tier ASP.NET API

Back End Sql-Server

Security Performance Scalability

Reliability Support RDMS concepts


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