project meeting in udine 3-6 september 2013,,natur,21,404.pdfproject igcp 575, udine, september 2013...

IGCP 575

Pennsylvanian terrestrial Habitats and Biotas of Southeastern Euramerica

PROJECT MEETING IN UDINE

3-6 SEPTEMBER 2013

ABSTRACT BOOK

Organised by

Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale, Udine

Museo di Scienze Naturali dell’Alto Adige, Bolzano/Bozen

Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell’Ambiente - Università di Pavia

Project IGCP 575, Udine, September 2013

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Scientific and Organising Comittee

Ausonio Ronchi - Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Pavia

Evelyn Kustatscher - Museo di Scienze Naturali dell’Alto Adige, Bolzano & Department für

Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Paläontologie und Geobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-

Universität, München

Giuseppe Santi - Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Pavia

Giuseppe Cassinis - Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Pavia

Giuseppe Muscio - Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale, Udine

Luca Simonetto - Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale, Udine

Programme

The workshop is concentrated into a three days presentation/visit of collection and bus excursion.

3rd September: it is assumed that participants will travel to Udine in different ways. Closest airport are those of

Venice, Treviso (that is the base for many lowcost flight, as Ryanair) and Trieste (also here some Ryanair

flights). From Venice and Treviso participants should reach the city train stations and take a train to Udine

(about 1.30-2.00 hours). From Trieste airport (named “Ronchi dei Legionari”)

there is a bus service to Udine (little less than one hour). Meeting in the evening at the Hotel. Overnight stay in

Udine (Hotel Quo Vadis).

4th September: in the morning talks and posters in Udine. In the afternoon visit to the Museum collections.

Overnight stay in Udine (Hotel Quo Vadis) .

5th September: geological excursion by cars to Passo Pramollo (1 hour walking on easy path); Passo Pramollo is

located in the northern part of the region across the Italian-Austrian border. It’s one of the most known

localities for the Carboniferous fossil plants of the Southern-Eastern Alps. In this area several sections of the

Permo-Carboniferous sequence crops out and there are many famous fossiliferous localities that preserve

plant remains. Transfer early in the afternoon to Cason di Lanza. This area is one of the most representative

of the Palaeozoic sequence of the Carnic Alps. Overnight stay at Cason di Lanza (Agriturismo Malga Cason

di Lanza).

6th September: in the morning geological excursion to the fossiliferous site of Cason di Lanza (rio del Museo,

about 20 minutes walk). Return to Udine in the first afternoon and departure of participants.


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Talks Programme for September, 4th, 2013 at Udine Castle

From 8.30 a.m. (10-15 minutes each)

Stanislav Opluštil & Mark Schmitz: New radiometric ages of volcanic ash beds from the

Carboniferous of the Czech Republic and their implication for basin correlation

Christopher J. Cleal, Yanaki G. Tenchov, Jasenka Sremac, Tamara Đerek & Sanja Japundžić:

Pennsylvanian megaflora from the Velebit Mt. and Lika Region (Croatia)

Natalia Boyarina & Alexander Shchegolev: Walchian conifers from the early Kasimovian and

Gzhelian of the Donets Basin, Ukraine

Christopher J. Cleal, Paola Pittau, Giovanni Scanu & Evelyn Kustatscher: A taxonomic synopsis

of the Middle Pennsylvanian flora of the San Giorgio Basin, southern Sardinia

Josef Pšenička, William A. DiMichele, Scott D. Elrick, Stanislav Opluštil, Jiří Bek, John W.

Nelson, Philip R. Ames & Hans Kerp: The oldest known callipterid foliage - A new species

of Rhachiphyllum from the Late Moscovian (Middle Pennsylvanian) Farmington Shale,

Illinois Basin, USA

Zbynek Simunek & Jan Bures: Dispersed cuticles and conducting tissue of Sphenophyllum

Brongniart from the Westhalian D of Kalinovo, Donets Basin, Ukraine

Ellen Stolle: Presence of Angulisporites splendidus Bhardwaj 1954 in the palynological record

of the Pennsylvanian from the Zonguldak Coal Basin, north-western Turkey

Ellen Stolle & Tea Kolar-Jurkovšek: Progress report on palynostratigraphic work in Turkey and

Slovenia

Isabel Van Waveren, Mark Schmitz, Mike Crow & Fauzie Hasibuan: Absolute dating of a

volcanic section - Does higher accretion rate enhance a better preservation of fossil plants?

Anna Vozárová: The relationship between fossiliferous Pennsylvanian siliciclastic sediments and

radiometric U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar dating (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)


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List of participants

Natalya Boyarina

Institute of Geological Sciences

55-b Olesya Gonchara Street

01601 Kiev

Ukraine

Jana Mlnáříková

West Bohemian Museum in Plzen

Kopeckého sady 2

30136 Plzen

Czech Republic

Christopher J. Cleal

National Museum Wales

Cardiff CF10 3NP

UK

Desa Djordjevic-Milutinovic

Natural History Museum

Njegoseva 51, 11000 Belgrade

Serbia

Giuseppa Forte

Museo di Scienze Naturali dell’Alto Adige,

Via Bottai 1

39100 Bolzano

Italy

Tea Kolar-Jurkovšek

Geološki zavod Slovenije

Dimiceva ulica 14

1000 Ljubljana

Slovenia

Evelyn Kustatscher

Museo di Scienze Naturali dell’Alto Adige,

Via Bottai 1

39100 Bolzano

Italy

and

Department für Geo- und

Umweltwissenschaften, Paläontologie und

Geobiologie

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität

Richard-Wagner-Straße 10

80333 München

Germany

Stanislav Opluštil

Charles University

128 43 Prague 2

Czech Republic

Josef Pšenicka


Kopeckého sady 2

301 36 Plzen

Czech Republic

Ausonio Ronchi

Department of Earth and Environmental

Sciences

University of Pavia

via Ferrata, 1

27100 Pavia

Italy

Dr. Giuseppe Santi

Department of Earth and Environmental

Sciences

University of Pavia

via Ferrata, 1

27100 Pavia

Italy


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Zbynek Šimunek

Czech Geological Survey

Klárov 3

118 21 Prague 1

Czech Republic

Marie Spáčilová


Kopeckého sady 2

301 36 Plzen

Czech Republic

Jelena Spanicek

Geological Department

University of Zagreb

Trg maršala Tita 14

10000 Zagreb

Croatia

Jasenka Sremac

Geological Department

University of Zagreb

Trg maršala Tita 14

HR-10000 Zagreb

Croatia

Ellen Stolle

Consulting Geoscientist

*EP Research

59320 Ennigerloh (Westkirchen)

Germany

Isabel van Waveren

Naturalis

P.O. Box 9517

2300 RA Leiden

The Netherlands

Jozef Vozár

Department of Mineralogy and Petrology

Comenius University- Bratislava

Bratislava

Slovakia

Anna Vozárová

Department of Mineralogy and Petrology

Comenius University- Bratislava

Bratislava

Slovakia


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Walchian conifers from the early Kasimovian and Gzhelian of the Donets Basin, Ukraine

Natalia Boyarina1 & Alexander Shchegolev

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1Institute of Geological Sciences, 55-b Olesya Gonchara Street, UA-01601 Kiev

Walchian conifers of the Donets Basin are represented by Walchia piniformis, Culmitzschia

angustifolia and Otovicia hypnoides in the lower Kasimovian (middle Cantabrian) deposits of

the Kartanash locality and Culmitzschia frondosa in the upper Gzhelian (Autunian) deposits of

the Luganske locality. The occurrence of the first three of these conifer species in the

Kartanash locality is their oldest fossil record. The abundant remains of these conifers were

found in sheet flood deposits within the proluvial-floodplain strata. The rare remains of the

Culmitzschia frondosa conifers occur in the floodplain deposits of the Luganske locality.


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Pennsylvanian megaflora from the Velebit Mt. and Lika Region (Croatia)

Christopher J. Cleal1, Yanaki G. Tenchov

2, Jasenka Sremac

3, Tamara Đerek

4 & Sanja

Japundžić4

1Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF 10 3NP,

UK; (chris.cleal@museum wales.ac.uk)

2Geological Institute of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, G. Bonchev Street Block 24, 1113

Sofia, Bulgaria

3Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science,

University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

4Croatian Natural History Museum , Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

Pennsylvanian megaflora from the area of Velebit Mt. and Lika Region has been collected

since 1935 and partly stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum in Zagreb. The collection

includes 151 specimens, mostly leaves with several stems and reproductive structures.

Altogether 19 species were identified. The flora is strongly dominated by medullosaleans,

sphenophytes and marattialean ferns and biostratigraphically points to the S. angustifolium or

A. conferta Zone of the Stephanian B Substage.

mailto:chris.cleal@museum

http://wales.ac.uk/


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A taxonomic synopsis of the Middle Pennsylvanian flora of the San Giorgio Basin,

southern Sardinia

Christopher J. Cleal1, Paola Pittau

2, Giovanni Scanu

2 & Evelyn Kustatscher

3

1Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum Wales. Cardiff CF10 3NP, UK,

[email protected]

2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terre, Università di Cagliari, Via Trentino 51, Cagliari, Italy.

3Museo di Scienze

Naturali dell’Alto Adige, Via Bottai 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy & Department

für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Paläontologie und Geobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-

Universität, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 München, Germany.

The small, intramontane San Giorgio Basin in southwestern Sardinia has yielded macrofloras

dominated by sphenophytes, but with subsidiary pteridosperms, ferns, and very rare lycopsids

and cordaites. They can be assigned to the upper part of the Lobatopteris vestita Zone or

possibly the Odontopteris cantabrica Zone, therefore indicating a late Asturian or Cantabrian

age (equivalent to a late Moscovian age in the IUGS global chronostratigraphical scheme).

They can therefore be correlated with the post-Leonian deposits in northern Spain, the Nýřany

Member in Western and Central Bohemia, and the Llantwit Beds in South Wales. It provides

further evidence for the widespread influence of the Leonian Phase of tectonic activity in

middle Asturian times, whose effect can be observed across Europe. The San Giorgio Basin is

therefore a late Variscan rather than post-Variscan basin.

mailto:[email protected]


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New radiometric ages of volcanic ash beds from the Carboniferous of the Czech Republic

and their implication for basin correlation

Stanislav Opluštil1 & Mark Schmitz

2

1Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech

Republic, [email protected]

2Boise State University, Department of Geosciences, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725,

USA, [email protected]

From the geological point of view the territory of the Czech Republic consists of the Bohemian

Massif, a collage of terranes amalgamated during the Variscan Orogeny. A profound tectonic

activity during and after the collisional processes resulted in formation of synorogenic and

postorogenic basins in which the deposition was often accompanied by strong volcanic activity

producing tens of volcanic ash beds and ignimbrite bodies. Over 20 of them have been

collected and are being radiometrically dated using an isotope dilution thermal ionization mass

spectrometry (ID TIMS) for the determination of high-precision U/Pb isotope ratio. 18 of these

samples has already been successfully dated. Combination of new radiometric data and well

established biostratigraphic record will allow for improving radiometric age calibration of

biostratigraphic zones as well as local west-central European Pennsylvanian stages.

In the continental basins tonsteins were collected from central and western Bohemia and from

the Sudetic area. In the basins of central and western Bohemian 13 tuff beds have provided

magmatic zircon ages ranging from 314.89±0.050 Ma to 299.04±0.106 Ma and confirmed

floristic data. In the Sudetic are (Intra-Sudetic and Krkonoše-piedmont basins) zircons of 5 tuff

beds have provided ages between 313.3±0.054 Ma and 296.52±0.079 Ma, which are also in

agreement with biostratigraphic data. Data from contiental basins will help to improve

radiometric ages for the Duckmantian/Bolsovian, Westphalian/Stephanian and

Stephanian/Autunian boundaries and related biozones.




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In the Upper Silesian Basin which is a part of European Variscan foreland basin belt, two

tonsteins (tonstein of the coals 634 and 682) provided prismatic zircons which are going to be

analysed. These samples should help to constrain Namurian/Westphalian boundary.

Acknowledgement: The data performed in this abstract and workshop talk have been obtained

within the research project P210-11-1431 supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech

Republic (GAČR).


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The oldest known callipterid foliage: A new species of Rhachiphyllum from the Late

Moscovian (Middle Pennsylvanian) Farmington Shale, Illinois Basin, USA

Josef Pšenička1, William A. DiMichele

2, Scott D. Elrick

3, Stanislav Opluštil

4, Jiří Bek

5, John

W. Nelson6, Philip R. Ames

6 & Hans Kerp

7,

1Department of Palaeontology, West Bohemian Museum in Pilsen, 2 Kopeckého sady, 30100

Plzeň, Czech Republic: [email protected]

2Department of Paleobiology, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20560 USA

3University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois State Geological Survey, 615 East Peabody

Drive, Champaign, IL 61821

4Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic

5Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Palaeoecology, Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences,

v.v.i., Rozvojová 269, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic

6Peabody Energy, Evansville, Indiana 47715, USA

7Forschungsstelle f r Pal obotanik, Geologisch-Pal ontologisches Institut, Westf lische

Wilhelms-Universit t, M nster, Germany.

During a fieldtrip in 2009 to the Illinois Basin (USA), an unusual and unexpected fossil plant

specimen was found in late Moscovian (Asturian, late Desmoinesian) shales above the

Danville (No. 7) Coal. The fossil remain represents a fragment of an apical part of a

penultimate pinna consisting of pinnately lobed pinnules with alethopteroid venation and

intercalary pinnules. Based on comparison of features with similar taxa, such as Autunia or

Callipteridium, a new species is proposed, Rhachiphyllum nelsonii sp. nov., which is placed

among callipterid plants. Based on this affinity, Rhachiphyllum nelsonii is the oldest known

callipterid plant in geological history. This species was found in estuarine sediments, where it

had been deposited as a drift from land. Farmington Shale commonly contains a diverse fauna

of brackish water invertebrates, including the pelycepods Dunbarella sp., Nuculopsis sp., and

Anthroacosia sp., the brachiopod Lingula carbonaria Shumard and Swallow, and the

gastropod Straparollus sp., the latter indicating the possibility of low oxygen levels in the



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bottom waters. The callipterid plant is accompanied by following plants: most common are

pteridosperms and cordaitaleans, with less common to rare lycopsids, ferns and sphenopsids.

The cordaitalean foliage was most common in the lower part of the facies. Among the

pteridosperms, the most common is Neuropteris ovata Hoffmann f. flexuosa Sternberg. Much

less common pteridosperm remains include Linopteris cf. obliqua (Bunbury) Zeiller and

Linopteris neuropteroides (Gutbier) var. major H. Potonié. One specimen of the pteridosperm

Alethopteris sp. also was recovered. Marattialean ferns are represented by two species,

Lobatopteris saraeofolia var. lobata (Corsin) nov. comb and Pecopteris cf. polypodioides

(Presl in Sternberg) Němejc. The principal lycopsid encountered was Sigillaria, probably S.

brardii Brongniart. Calamitaleans include stems of Calamites, foliage attributable to Annularia

spinulosa Sternberg, and the cone or unexpanded stem tip, Macrostachya thompsoni Darrah.

The presence of callipterid plant may be ecologically or climatically significant, indicating a

seasonal moisture regime.


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Dispersed cuticles and conducting tissue of Sphenophyllum Brongniart from the

Westhalian D of Kalinovo, Donets Basin, Ukraine

Zbynek Simunek1 & Jan Bures

2

1Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 131/3, 118 21 Praha 1, Czech Republic; e-mail:

[email protected]

2West Bohemian Muzeum Plzeň, Kopeckého sady 2, 30100 Plzeň, Czech Republic

Upper Westphalian coals are usually rich on organic-matter of different plant taxa, namely

gymnosperms. The assemblage from Kalinovo is exceptional with dominance of

Sphenophyllum in both cuticles and conducting tissues. Sphenophyllum cuticles are easily

distinguished by parallel oriented cells with sinuous anticlinal walls and paracytic stomata on

abaxial cuticle. Tracheids with multiseriate bordered pits that occur at Sphenophyllum can be

found also at Calamitaceae and some pteridosperms. However, rectangular remains of

parenchyma cell strips along the radial wall of tracheids were reported only at Sphenophyllum.



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Presence of Angulisporites splendidus Bhardwaj 1954 in the palynological record of the

Pennsylvanian from the Zonguldak Coal Basin, north-western Turkey

Ellen Stolle1,2

, Ibrahim Buzkan3

1Institut für Geographie und Geologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Germany

2*EP Research, Ennigerloh-Westkirchen, Germany, [email protected]

3Geology Department, Engineering Faculty, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Zonguldak, Turkey

Dark, fine clastic core material from the AK-1Y*1 well from the Amasra area, Zonguldak Basin, north-

western Turkey, from depths at -262.2 m (below sea level) bears well-preserved, diverse palynological

associations. The presence of the key stratigraphic marker Angulisporites splendidus is conspicuous in

these assemblages. A. splendidus is a camerate, radial, in outline triangular to subcircular spore having a

distinct trilete mark with relatively straight sutures accompanied by low thickenings, which can extend

almost to the outer margin of the inner body, or further, reaching to the equator. Characteristic is the

equatorial rim, similar to a cingulum*2, which is thickened towards the outer margin. Other authors

classified A. splendidus as a cingulate-zonate spore. Further diagnostic features are a thicker exine of

the inner body, irregularly distributed compression folds, and the infrapunctate exine, occasionally

sculptured with small grana.

The occurrences of A. splendidus in the investigated well section verify the presence of Kasimovian/

Gzhelian deposits in the subsurface of the basin, Amasra area, north-western Turkey.

*1 Well name changed due to economic interests.

*2 According to the species description from Owens in Stephenson and Owens (2005). Taxonomy Online 2: The ‘Bernard

Owens Collection’ of single grain mount palynological slides: Carboniferous spores part I. Research Report RR/06/05,

Keyworth, Nottingham, UK.



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Progress report on palynostratigraphic work in Turkey and Slovenia

Ellen Stolle1,2

, Tea Kolar-Jurkovšek3

1Institut für Geographie und Geologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Germany

2*EP Research, Ennigerloh-Westkirchen, Germany, [email protected]

3Geological Survey of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Late Palaeozoic sequences from the Istanbul-Zonguldak Terrane (north-western Turkey) have

been palynostratigraphically investigated. Results about a) the correlation with

chronostratigraphic ages, and b) with time-equivalent sequences from south-eastern

Euramerica are briefly introduced. This work is based on studies recently carried out in both

regions.

References:

Kolar-Jurkovšek, T. & Jurkovšek, B. (2012). Late Carboniferous floras of Slovenia – a review.

Geologia Croatica, 65 (3), 323-328.

Stolle, E. (2011). Pollen-dominated “European” palynological assemblages from the Permian

of NW Turkey (Asia Minor) – palaeogeographical context and microfloral affinities.

Geological Quarterly, 55 (2), 181-186.



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Absolute dating of a volcanic section - Does higher accretion rate enhance a better

preservation of fossil plants?

Isabel Van Waveren1, Mark Schmitz

2, Mike Crow

3 & Fauzie Hasibuan

4

1Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Department of Geology, Darwinweg 2 - 2333 CR Leiden, e-

mail: [email protected]

2Boise State University, Department of Geosciences, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725,

USA

328A Lenton Road, The Park, Nottingham, NG7, IDT, UK

4Geological Survey Institute, Geological Agency, J1 Diponegoro 57, Bandung, Indonesia

Absolute dating of the base and the top of the nearly 500 meter long Merangin section through

early Permian tuffaceous deposits resulted in a mean difference in age of 630 000 years. This

volcanic section is characterized by alternation of pyroclastic and epiclastic deposits. In an

attempt to understand the accretion rate on the volcanic slope between eruptive events, various

proxis are developed and tested. The explosive early volcanic phase has a higher preservation

potential that the later effusive phase because of ash production.



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The relationship between fossiliferous Pennsylvanian siliciclastic sediments and

radiometric U-Pb and 40

Ar/39

Ar dating (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)

Anna Vozárová

Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Mineralogy and

Petrology, Mlynská dolina, Pav.-G, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic;

[email protected]

The Pennsylvanian strata are preserved in the Western Carpathians within three paleo-Alpine

tectonic units (Northern Gemericum, Hronicum, Zemplinicum) as tectonically reduced

fragments. The Northern Gemericum deltaic-near shore Pennsylvanian sequence consists of

medium- to coarse-grained siliciclastic sediments, with intercalation of shaly-carbonate

fosiliferous horizons. According to macroflora (Němejc 1947), macrofauna (Rakusz 1932,

Bouček and Přibyl 1960) and conodonts (Kozur and Mock 1977) correspond to the latest

Bashkirian – Moscovian (Westphalian A-B). The youngest 336-339 Ma U-Pb (SHRIMP)

detrital zircon ages confirms the sedimentation time of this formation to the post-Visean.

Uniform Variscan source is reflected by the 385 and 372 Ma 40

Ar/39

Ar cooling ages of clastic

white mica (Vozárová et al. 2005). The Hronicum Pennsylvanian sediments are represented by

regressive, fluvial-lacustrine siliciclastic sequence. Macroflora from its uppermost part

indicates the latest Moscovian-Kasimovian stage (Stephanian A-B; Sitár and Vozár 1973).

Multi-grain analyses of clastic mica yielded 40

Ar/39

Ar ages of 309 Ma and 318 Ma, which

confirm the Kasimovian sedimentary age. In the Zemplinic unit is expressed direct contact

between continental Pennsylvanian overstep sequence and its immediate basement. The

Zemplinic Pennsylvanian sequence consists of four partial lithostratigraphic units, among these

with thin fluvial-limnic coal seams. Macroflora proved the latest Moscovian-Kasimovian age

(Westphalian C-D – Stephanian A-B; Němejc 1947, Němejc and Obrhel 1958, Planderová et

al. 1981). The U-Pb (SHRIMP) magmatic zircon ages from the associated rhyolite-dacite

volcaniclastics gave 308.5±3.4 Ma and confirmed macroflora data.



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Acknowledgement: Support from Slovak Research and Development Agency (No. APVV-

0546-11), is greatly acknowledged. This paper is contribution to IGCP 575 “Pennsylvanian

terrestrial habitats and biotas in southeastern Europe and northern Asia Minor and their

relation to tectonics and climate“

References:

Bouček, B. & Přibyl., A. 1960: Revise trilobitú slovenského vrchního karbónu. Geolog. Práce,

Spr. 20, Bratislava, 5-50.

Kozur, H. & Mock, R., 1977: Erster Nachweis von Conodonten im Paleozoikum (Karbon) der

Westkarpaten. Čas. Miner. Geol., 22, Praha, 299-305.

Němejc, F., 1946: Příspěvek kpoznání rostli. Godiversitas 20, 621-641.nných nálezů a

stratigrafických poměrů v permokarbonu na Slovensku. Rozpravy II. tř. Čes. Akad. Věd., r.

LVI, Praha.

Němejc, F. & Obrehi, J., 1959: Zpráva o výsledcích vyšetření některých novějších sběrů

rostlinných otisků z permokarbonu na Slovensku. Zprávy o geol. výsk. v r. 1957, Praha, 165-

166.

Planderová, E., Sitár, V., Grecula, P. & Együd, K. 1981: Biostratigrafické zhodnotenie

grafitických bridlíc Zemplínskeho ostrova. Miner. Slovana, 13, 97-128.

Rakusz, Gy., 1932: Die Oberkarbonischen Fosilien von Dobšiná und Nagyvisnyo. Geologica

Hungarica, Ser. Paleontologica 8, Budapest, 1-219.

Vozárová, A. 1998: Late Carboniferous to Early Permina time interval in the Western

Carpathians: Northern Tethys margin

Vozárová, A., Frank, W., Kráľ, J. & Vozár, J. 2005: 40

Ar/39

Ar dating of detrital mica from the

Upper Paleozoic sandstones in the Western Carpathians (Slovakia). Geologica Carpathica 56,

463-472.

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